CLAS 104
Greek History: Government and Society
TRIMESTER 1 2007
Advancing Greek Hoplites on the Chigi Vase (Protocorinthian ca. 650 BCE)
SCHOOL OF ART HISTORY, CLASSICS & RELIGIOUS STUDIES
VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Lecturer: Dr. Matthew Trundle, OK514, phone 463-6785 [email protected] Time: Class hours: Monday, Wednesday, Thursday 3-4 pm plus 1 hour tutorial per week (TBA) Place: HMLT105 (Hugh MacKenzie Lecture Theatre 5) Notices Any additional information (terms lists, changes, unofficial exam results, etc) will be posted on the Classics notice board opposite Old Kirk room 505. Blackboard The course is supported by the university learning system on the internet called Blackboard. You can enter the Blackboard site through the university's frontpage via Current Students. Overheads for the week's lectures will appear in the week or the weekend prior to their delivery. You may find it useful to copy these and bring them to the relevant lecture as a guide or to save you writing down key words or phrases. I reserve the right, however, to make changes to any and all lecture material up to the last minute before a lecture is delivered and so cannot always guarantee that identical notes will appear on blackboard as appear in class. A brief synopsis of the lecture material outlining the principal themes of what I thought that I said will appear in the week that follows the lecture. Please take some time to survey the CLAS 104 site on Blackboard for all the tools available, in particular the discussion board where you can engage in debates about Greek history on-line with me, the tutors and each other. Please note, however, that you are strongly advised to attend all classes as Blackboard is only meant to support the specific material delivered in this course. Tutorials Tutorials (which are compulsory) will start in the second week of the course and will be held on most weeks. Tutorial groups will be arranged during the first week of the course. Lists will be posted at the start of the second week at the latest on the Classics Programme’s notice board. Tutors The tutors can be contacted during their office hours (TBA) in the Classics Programme (5th Floor of the Old Kirk building) or through Matthew Trundle, the course coordinator. Course Aims This course is a survey of Greek history from 1600 BCE – 150 CE, although much emphasis is given to the period from 750 BCE - 322 BCE. The sources and methods used in studying the Greek past play a significant role throughout in order to provide students with the tools to study Greek history on their own. The narrative of Greek historical events provides the backdrop for discussions concerning intellectual, social, economic, political and military developments in the ancient Greek world.
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Course Objectives The objective of this course is that the student should understand the main academic themes and problems that are integral to studying ancient Greek history. Of utmost importance in this is the ability to understand and analyse primary evidence (ancient texts, coins, archaeological sites, pottery etc.) and process the main trends of modern historiography, for example, Oswyn Murray’s Early Greece, which is itself based upon primary evidence. Course examinations and written assignments will test each student’s ability to do these things. Successful students should be able to discuss primary evidence and be familiar with methods of its analysis and the many problems of reconstructing Greek history. They should have a broad outline of the changes which historians have identified in the Greek world from 1600 BCE - 30 BCE. From this understanding they will be in a position to study Greek (and ancient) history and culture more independently, and in greater detail, in the years to come. Texts and Readings There is no single textbook that alone can and does do justice to Greek history. Ancient Greek history is constantly evolving and ideas about the past are always in flux. As with the Internet (see below) secondary materials on the ancient world require you to be critical and thoughtful about the validity of the information they contain. For these reasons, CLAS 104 has no required secondary textbook that serves as a single resource for information about Greek history. Nevertheless you are strongly encouraged to make use of the books in the further reading section below in order to assist you in studying and understanding the key events and problems relating to Greek history. Trust no one until you have sought the truth for yourself! Primary Source Material (Required Texts) Primary sources are ancient sources (perhaps written texts, perhaps archaeological). They need not themselves be accurate about those things they report, but their proximity in time to the events and people they describe give them an important status as evidence about the ancient world and are the principal medium by which we understand the past today. Note that the abbreviations in the square brackets below are used in the lecture schedule at the rear of this handout to indicate relevant reading material for each lecture.
• CLAS 104 Course Materials 2007 from Student Notes Centre 2007. [CM] • Herodotus, Histories, A. de Selincourt trans. Revised with Introduction and
notes by John Marincola. Penguin. [Hdt] • Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War. R. Warner trans. Penguin. [Thuc.] • Xenophon, A History of My Times (Hellenica) [Xen]
Further Reading Secondary sources are not ancient. They were written by people (like you and me) who did not live in the ancient world, but who researched aspects of the past using primary materials. Their conclusions need to be checked against the ancient evidence (the primary sources). Trust no one! The following textbooks are not required, but reading (one or some of) them is strongly recommended for a better understanding of the Greek world.
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• J.V.A. Fine. The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History, Harvard, 1983 [F] • R. Osborne, Greece in the Making 1200-479 BC, Routledge, 1996 [O] • A.R. Burn, The Penguin history of Greece, Penguin 1990 [B] • N.G.L. Hammond, A History of Greece to 322 BC, Oxford 1986 [H] • Murray, O. Early Greece, London, 1993. [M] • Davies, J.K. Democracy and Classical Greece, Harvard. 1993. [D] • Walbank, F.W. The Hellenistic World, Harvard 1981. [W] • Rhodes, P.J. A History of the Classical Greek World 478-323 BC. London,
2006. [R] • Hall, J.M. A History of the Archaic Greek World c. 1200 – 479 BC London
2006. [A] Additional Primary Source Material • Plutarch, Lives (The Rise and Fall of Athens, The Age of Alexander. Penguin)
[Plut + name] • Fornara, C. Archaic Times to the End of the Peloponnesian War. Cambridge,
1977. [CF] • Harding, P. From the End of the Peloponnesian War to the Battle of Ipsus.
Cambridge, 1985. [PH]. There is an extensive reading list attached to the back of this handout to assist you with researching for your essays and your interpretation of specific aspects of this course. Please feel free to consult the course organizer for more detailed reading suggestions if you are having difficulty with the material under discussion, especially for your essay.
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REQUIREMENTS Required Assessment Mandatory Course Requirements There are no mandatory course requirements. Passing the Course In order to pass this course, a student must obtain an overall mark of at least 50% from the combination of assessed work. Students must achieve this final grade for a combination of marks achieved in the in-term work and the final exam. 1. Tutorials Tutorials are an integral part of this course. They are your opportunity to discuss specific evidence for the Greek world amongst yourselves in an academic environment. The exams will reflect some of the material discussed in these tutorials. There are ten tutorials over the span of the course. Please bring your Course Materials with you to each tutorial and ensure you have done the reading for that week’s discussion (see Schedule below). Times and venues for the tutorials will be posted on the Classics noticeboard on the fifth floor of Old Kirk, opposite OK505. Please sign up for a tutorial as soon as possible and if you are unable to attend any of the tutorials offered, see the Programme Administrator, Hannah Webling, in OK508 as soon as possible. N.B. Attendance requirements: your tutor will record attendance and participation in the tutorials. If there are special circumstances why you failed to attend tutorials you must consult the course organiser to arrange for alternative work to be undertaken. 2. Commentary: Due Thursday 5th April 2007 20% A commentary of 1000 words (approx. 4 pages, double spaced, with 2.5 centimetre margins and a 12 point font) on one 15-30 line section chosen from the following readings found in the course materials (see CM 30-31 for example). The commentary should analyse and comment upon the importance of the document as a source for studying ancient history. For a guideline please see the discussion of gobbets pages 30 and 31 of the course materials and the note below this paragraph. Discuss your choice of document with your tutor or the course organiser. You must choose to analyze a minimum of six or a maximum of twelve lines only from any one of the following readings in the Course Materials: 1. Homer's poetry 2. Solon's poetry 3. Inscription concerning the foundation of Cyrene 4. Herodotus on the life of Cleomenes 5. Inscription of the Great King concerning Apollo's gardeners /priests 6. Inscription of the Great King concerning peoples he rules Writing Up Gobbets for Commentary (See especially CM 30-31) In one of the assignments, and the final exam, you will be required to write commentaries on gobbets. Writing a good gobbet is an exercise in being concise and
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complete: you want to show you grasp the full significance of the passage, and you want to do it succinctly. Never duplicate any information already found in the gobbet, and never use the gobbet as a springboard for an essay style answer. Rather, place the gobbet in it historical context and note the significance of its content, then turn to analysing the information and commenting upon it. Generally speaking, you want to identify the gobbet, explain its importance, and then make inferences from it based on your knowledge of the subject. Here is an example taken from Herodotus:
They are free – yes – but not entirely free; for they have a master, and that master is Law, which they fear much more than your subjects fear you. Whatever this master commands, they do; and his command never varies: it is never to retreat in battle, however great the odds, but always stand firm, and to conquer or die. (Hdt. 7.104; 477)
a) Supplement the information in the gobbet with relevant information. Do not merely replicate the information of the gobbet. You might start by indicating that Demaratus, the exiled Spartan king, was made to say this to Xerxes before the battle at Thermopylae in 480. Xerxes is astonished that the Spartans would stand up to his imperial army--outnumbered woefully as they are--in the absence of a master with a whip to keep them in line. We find the same attitude expressed in Aeschylus’ Persians, written perhaps 50 years before Herodotus’ Histories--and this raises questions about the source for Herodotus’ episode in Book 7. b) Analyse the information in the gobbet. Xerxes presumes that fear of a powerful person is the only force that motivates an army, and Herodotus uses Demaratus to make the point that freedom requires discipline and obedience to law rather than fear of a master such as the great king. Nomos--law or custom--is “king” for the Greeks and serves as the force which maintains their freedom. The passage places the ethics of despotism against those of the polis and thus the rule of law versus the rule of a despot. c) Comment: The Spartans cultivated an image as the pre-eminent hoplites of Greece, and Herodotus uses Demaratus to further this image. All Greeks considered their method of battle, the heavily armed phalanx, superior to the lighter more mobile tactics of the Persians and appropriate to free citizens in a polis, as opposed to the “slaves” of a Persian “despot.” The battle of Thermopylae, in which a few hundred hoplites held an army of 50,000 or more at narrow pass for 3 days helped reinforce this sense of superiority. N.B.: This is not the only way to answer the question, nor must every good answer do the three things listed above, supplement, analyse and comment. You might spend more time discussing the source of this gobbet - where for instance Herodotus got this information about the conversation and how accurate it might be. Why did he present the information the way he did? How does the passage emphasise his biases and larger purpose for the Histories? By the same token, the analysis section could have discussed in further detail the differences between the Greek and Persian modes of war--leadership, organization, tactics,. The point, however, is to stay focused and to say as much as possible that is relevant in a brief compass. Too involved a discussion of the Greek and Persian War would lead you far afield. 3. 10% Short Answer Test (Week 10, Tutorial 8) 10%
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This short test will be conducted in tutorial number 8 (week 10) and administered by your tutor. It will consist of two short answer questions worth 5% each covering material concerning sources and methodology from Greek history as a whole. It will give you a good idea of the kind of short questions that will appear in the final exam. Do not spend a great deal of time revising for this test as the questions will be mostly generic (although in the final exam questions may be more specific than the ones asked in this test). The test will last only twenty minutes at the beginning of this tutorial. What to Expect From Short Answer Questions These short answer questions will focus upon sources, theories and methods concerning the study of the ancient Greek world. For example a question in this section might ask you to name three ancient writers whose, work still survives, who wrote about the life of Alexander the Great and give a specific example of how each of their accounts differs from others. 4. Essay Due: Friday 25th May 2007 30% One essay is required in this course. It should contain 2000 words (8 pages, double spaced, with 2.5 centimetre margins and a 12 point font) including footnotes or endnotes. Completed essays should be placed in the assignment box outside OK508 no later than 5p.m. on Friday 25th May 2007. Do not push essays under the doors of Classics staff members. There are twelve topics for essays and these can be found below. Under special circumstances extensions are available. Please consult with the course organiser at least one week prior to the due date for an extension (by close of business on Friday 19th May 2007). In view of the date for the completion of the essay and in line with traditional policy, essays should be returned to students 48 hours prior to the exam. Late essays will be penalised by 10% a day.
TWELVE ESSAY TOPICS 1: Was Thucydides right in his assessment of the origins of the Great
Peloponnesian War? 2: How were the Greek allied cities able to defeat the Persian invasion in 480
and 479 BC? 5: Why was Philip of Macedon able to achieve what no individual had
previously achieved in the Greek world? 6: The Hellenistic Kings have been called nation builders. Analyse a
specific kingdom and show how its rulers built a kingdom and assess the success of their efforts.
7: Discuss the problems associated with our understanding of the creation of
the Athenian Empire between 478 and 412 BC. 8: How democratic was classical Athenian society? 9: How useful is Homer to understanding Dark Age Greek society?
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11: What was the principal cause of the colonization of the Mediterranean Basin by the Greeks between 775 and 500 BC?
12: Discuss the factors that led to the rise and fall of tyrannies within Greek
communities in the Greek world. Were they part of a "natural" process of political development towards more democratic government or something to which the Greek communities were always prone?
Some Guidelines for Writing Essays The aim of an essay is to sustain a reasoned argument, using evidence (or your interpretation of evidence) to make your case about a substantial topic in Greek History. You want to show you have a command of the evidence bearing on the issue, and that you can marshal it to make a clear, coherent argument. Simplicity, clarity, and forcefulness are required in an essay, and the line between these virtues and their corresponding vices is sometimes easy to cross: avoid the tendencies to oversimplify, to drag in unrelated evidence, and to repeat yourself. A nice rule of thumb: Introduction - start with a thesis statement, “what you will write and how you propose to proceed,” follow this with The Argument “argue the thesis that you have proposed in the introduction, point by point,” (organisation is crucial here and it is always useful to work out a plan before you begin to write) and then Conclusion - restate your thesis, “write what you have demonstrated,” perhaps in slightly altered form, showing how your careful consideration of the matter has prompted you to adjust your opening thesis. It is important to stay on topic and not to digress or “waffle.” Examiners like to be led through an argument simply and concisely. Essays are an opportunity to gather evidence on a problem, develop a discussion of it, and to make persuasive inferences and arguments about it. The essay is neither a book report nor a mosaic of scholarly opinion culled from the literature on a subject. Emphasis falls not on the gathering of other people’s ideas, but on the formulation of your own. Essays will be graded for clarity, quality of argument, thoroughness, and if at all possible originality. The Classics Study Guide is now available from the Student Notes Distribution Centre, and is a very good investment. It will answer many questions you might have about preparing written assignments in Classics courses. Here are some basic things to keep in mind. Quotations: Quotations from primary sources should be placed right in the text, not in a footnote. For instance:
Thucydides (1.1) claims he started writing his Histories as soon as the war began.
Or:
By the fifth century money had become an important part of warfare in the Greek world (Thucydides, 1.11-2).
If you cite the Course Materials, abbreviate it CM and give the page number: (CM 123), although it would be ideal if you could again cite the author and work as well. Quotes over three lines should be indented and placed in the text without quotation marks and the primary source should be given in parentheses at the end. For example:
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Plutarch (Lycurgus, 1) was aware that the very existence of Lycurgus was controversial as he stated in opening his life of the statesman:
Concerning the life of Lycurgus the Lawgiver, nothing can be said that is not disputed, since indeed there are different accounts of his birth, his travels, his death and above all, of his work as law-maker and statesman; and there is least agreement among historians as to the time in which the man lived.
Citations and Bibliography The citation of modern authorities (secondary sources) is another matter. The social science method common now in scholarly journals of all kinds is the most succinct. It requires a certain bibliographical format as well. Here is an example:
As Clifford Geertz (1973, 205) writes, “Ideology bridges the emotional gap between things as they are and as one would have them be, thus insuring the performance of roles that might otherwise be abandoned in despair or apathy.”
Alternatively you could cite this way:
As has been argued (Geertz 1973, 205) "ideology bridges the emotional gap… There is no need for Latin abbreviations--op. cit., loc. cit., ibid.--etc. Now if Geertz has two or more items in your bibliography from 1973, then the first one you cite is called Geertz (1973), the second one is called Geertz (1973a) and so on. In your bibliography you enter…
Geertz, C. (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books. You need to enter every source you have consulted in your bibliography, whether you have cited it or not. A bibliography is not meant to impress, but to inform. Include only items that you have read and have influenced your paper. If you use someone else’s ideas you must cite the source. This is fundamental precept of scholarly morality. Changing the wording of someone else’s ideas and presenting them as your own is plagiarism, a very serious offence: if in doubt, always cite your source. For primary sources, you need not follow this convention. For instance:
Plutarch. The Rise and Fall of Athens. Ian Scott-Kilvert trans. Penguin 1960. Using and Citing The Internet in CLAS 104 The Internet is a very useful resource for studying ancient history and many historical sites can be found through the Classics website at www.vuw.ac.nz/classics. Like any resource base, however, it is also full of useless and erroneous information. It is more prone to contain sites produced by people whose work has not been reviewed by scholars of the ancient Greek world and so the information found therein may well not be of value. When using the Internet to study the Greek world always be critical and analytical of what you are reading. Please be careful in using and believing all the information that you find on the web. When citing information on the web it is never enough to cite only the URL address as www.ancient-world.com – you must cite all
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of the following information including the URL. This includes: the author of the text, the title of the piece, the chapter, verse or page number of the section to which you are referring, the publisher of the website and the date that the site was updated with the information to which you are referring.
Failure to cite in a footnote any and all of this information will result in your essay being down graded by a whole grade point.
5. Three Hour Final Exam 40% The final exam tests your cumulative knowledge of the course. It will be composed of short answer questions related to sources, methods and theories about the Greek world. There will be gobbets for commentary from the tutorial readings found in the Course Materials and the required primary texts, and essays on aspects of the Greek world. The final exam is worth 40% of your total grade in the course. It is a 3 hour exam. The final exam will feature material from the whole of the course:
(1) Short answer questions.
(2) Gobbets for commentary.
(3) Essays.
As the exam’s aim is to test what you have learned, as opposed to testing what you do not know, each section will provide a number of choices. Each aspect of the exam will have been met before in the course. Workload There is a great deal to understand in this course, names, places, ideas and events, and students should be prepared for an average of approximately twelve hours of work per week, including class hours. It will all be worthwhile in the end! Marking and Overdue Assignments It is our policy to return marked work to students within two weeks of receipt. Special circumstances may result in failure to do this. The course essay should be marked and returned 48 hours prior to the final exam. The course organizer reserves the right to mark work without comments and to reduce the grade that the work receives.
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General Policy and Procedure Students should familiarise themselves with the University’s policies and statutes, particularly the Assessment Statute, the Personal Courses of Study Statute, the Statute on Student Conduct and any statutes relating to the particular qualifications being studied; see the Victoria University Calendar available in hard copy or under ‘About Victoria’ on the VUW home page at www.vuw.ac.nz. Student and staff conduct The Statute on Student Conduct together with the Policy on Staff Conduct ensure that members of the University community are able to work, learn, study and participate in the academic and social aspects of the University’s life in an atmosphere of safety and respect. The Statute on Student Conduct contains information on what conduct is prohibited and what steps are to be taken if there is a complaint. For information about complaint procedures under the Statute on Student Conduct, contact the Facilitator and Disputes Advisor or refer to the statute on the VUW policy website at: www.vuw.ac.nz/policy/studentconduct The Policy on Staff Conduct can be found on the VUW website at: www.vuw.ac.nz/policy/staffconduct Academic grievances If you have any academic problems with your course you should talk to the tutor or lecturer concerned; class representatives may be able to help you in this. If you are not satisfied with the result of that meeting, see the Head of School or the relevant Associate Dean; VUWSA Education Coordinators are available to assist in this process. If, after trying the above channels, you are still unsatisfied, formal grievance procedures can be invoked. These are set out in the Academic Grievance Policy which is published on the VUW website at: www.vuw.ac.nz/policy/academicgrievances Academic integrity and plagiarism Academic integrity is about honesty – put simply it means no cheating. All members of the University community are responsible for upholding academic integrity, which means staff and students are expected to behave honestly, fairly and with respect for others at all times. Plagiarism is a form of cheating which undermines academic integrity. The University defines plagiarism as follows:
The presentation of the work of another person or other persons as if it were one’s own, whether intended or not. This includes published or unpublished work, material on the Internet and the work of other students or staff.
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It is still plagiarism even if you re-structure the material or present it in your own style or words.
Note: It is however, perfectly acceptable to include the work of others as long as that is acknowledged by appropriate referencing.
Plagiarism is prohibited at Victoria and is not worth the risk. Any enrolled student found guilty of plagiarism will be subject to disciplinary procedures under the Statute on Student Conduct and may be penalized severely. Consequences of being found guilty of plagiarism can include:
• an oral or written warning • cancellation of your mark for an assessment or a fail grade for the course • suspension from the course or the University.
Find out more about plagiarism, and how to avoid it, on the University’s website: www.vuw.ac.nz/home/studying/plagiarism.html Students with Impairments (see Appendix 3 of the Assessment Handbook) The University has a policy of reasonable accommodation of the needs of students with disabilities. The policy aims to give students with disabilities the same opportunity as other students to demonstrate their abilities. If you have a disability, impairment or chronic medical condition (temporary, permanent or recurring) that may impact on your ability to participate, learn and/or achieve in lectures and tutorials or in meeting the course requirements, please contact the course coordinator as early in the course as possible. Alternatively, you may wish to approach a Student Adviser from Disability Support Services (DSS) to discuss your individual needs and the available options and support on a confidential basis. DSS are located on Level 1, Robert Stout Building:
telephone: 463-6070 email: [email protected] The name of your School’s Disability Liaison Person is in the relevant prospectus or can be obtained from the School Office or DSS. Student Support Staff at Victoria want students to have positive learning experiences at the University. Each faculty has a designated staff member who can either help you directly if your academic progress is causing you concern, or quickly put you in contact with someone who can. In the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences the support contact is Dr Allison Kirkman, Murphy Building, room 407. Assistance for specific groups is also available from the Kaiwawao Māori, Manaaki Pihipihinga or Victoria International. Manaaki Pihipihinga Programme This programme offers:
• Academic mentoring for all Māori & Pacific students at all levels of under graduate study for the faculties of Commerce & Administration and Humanities & Social sciences. Contact [email protected] or phone 463 6015 to register for Humanities & Social Science mentoring and 463 8977 to register for mentoring for Commerce and Administration courses
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• Post graduate support network for the above faculties, which links students into all of the post grad activities and workshops on campus and networking opportunities
• Pacific Support Coordinator who can assist Pacific students with transitional issues, disseminate useful information and provide any assistance needed to help students achieve. Contact; [email protected] or phone 463 5842.
Manaaki Pihipihinga is located at: 14 Kelburn Parade, back court yard, Room 109 D (for Humanities mentoring & some first year commerce mentoring) or Room 210 level 2 west wing railway station Pipitea (commerce mentoring space). Māori Studies mentoring is done at the marae. Student Services In addition, the Student Services Group (email: [email protected]) is available to provide a variety of support and services. Find out more at: www.vuw.ac.nz/st_services/
VUWSA employs Education Coordinators who deal with academic problems and provide support, advice and advocacy services, as well as organising class
representatives and faculty delegates. The Education Office (tel. 463-6983 or 463-6984, email at [email protected]) is located on the ground floor, Student
Union Building.
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CLAS 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following books are located in the university library. Most books and periodicals may be found in the library under DF (Greek History) and PA (Greek Authors). Other relevant books are dispersed throughout the library (e.g. JC for democracy; HQ for social history). If you need something specific for your own research or interest please consult Dr Matthew Trundle. General BAUMAN, R.A. Political Trials in Ancient Greece No of copies: 1 DF87 B347 P BUCK, R.J. History of Boeotia. No of copies: 1 DF261 B5 B922 H BURY, J.B. and MEIGGS, R. A History of Greece No of copies: 1 (of the most recent edition) DF215 B975 H6 4ed 1978 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. (vol 1/1) Prolegomena and Protohistory. No of copies: 2 D57 C178 3ed 1/1 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. (vol 1/2) Early History of the Middle East. No of copies: 2 D57 C178 3ed 1/2 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. (vol 2/1) Middle East and the Aegean Region, c.1800-1380 B.C. No of copies: 2 D57 C178 3ed 2/1 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. (vol 2/2) Middle East and the Aegean Region, c.1380-1000 B.C. No of copies: 2 D57 C178 3ed 2/2 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. Plates to Volumes 1 and 2. No of copies: 1 D57 C178 3ed 1-2 Plates CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. (vol 3/1) Middle East and the Aegean world, c.1000-750 B.C. No of copies: 1 D57 C178 3ed 3/1 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. (vol 3/3) Expansion of the Greek world, c.750-500 B.C. No of copies: 1 D57 C178 3ed 3/3 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. Plates to Volume 3. No of copies: 1 D57 C178 3ed 3 Plates CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. (vol 4) Persia, Greece, and the Western Mediterranean. No of copies: 1 D57 C178 3ed 4 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. (vol 7/1) Hellenistic world. No of copies: 1 D57 C178 3ed 7/1 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY. Plates to Volume 7/1. No of copies: 1 D57 C178 3ed 7/1 Plates CARTLEDGE, P. The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others No of copies: 1 DF78 C327 G CHRISTOPOULOS, G. A. Prehistory and Protohistory. (History of the Hellenic World, 1). No of copies: 3 *DF77 H673 1 CRAWFORD, M.H. Archaic and Classical Greece. No of copies: 1 DF213 C899 A DAVIES, J.K. Democracy and Classical Greece. No of copies: 3 DF214 D256 D DEMAND, N. A History of Ancient Greece. DF 77 D371H EHRENBERG, Victor Ancient Society and Institutions: Studies presented to… No of copies: 1 DE89 A541 ENRENBERG, Victor The Greek State No of copies: 1 JC73 E33 G E 2ed FINE, John V. The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History. No of copies: 1 (Closed Reserve) DF214 F495 A FINLEY, Moses I. Democracy Ancient and Modern No of copies: 1 JC73 F513 D 2ed GARNSEY, P.D.A. Imperialism in the Ancient World. No of copies: 1 D60 I34
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GRANT, M. The Classical Greeks No of copies: 1 DF214 G762 C GRANT, M. The Rise of the Greeks No of copies: 1 DF214 G762 A HAMMOND, N.G.L. Classical Age of Greece. No of copies: 2 DF77 H227 C HAMMOND, N.G.L. History of Greece to 322 B.C. No of copies: 7 DF214 H227 H HAMMOND, N.G.L. Studies in Greek History. No of copies: 1 DF214 H227 S HARRIS, B.F. Auckland Classical Essays Presented to E.M. Blaiklock. No of copies: 1 PA26 B6 A898 HORNBLOWER, Simon The Greek World, 479-323 B.C. No of copies: 4 DF227 H814 HORSLEY, G.H.R. Hellenika: Essays of Greek Politics and History. No of copies: 1 DF235 H477 KAGAN, D. Problems in Ancient History. (2 vols) No of copies: 3 D53 A2 K11 P LAISTNER, M.L.W. History of the Greek World. No of copies: 1 DF214 L189 H 3ed LENDON, J.E. Soldiers and Ghosts No. of Copies: 1 U29 L564 S LEWIS, N. The Fifth Century BC. No of copies: 1 DF12 L675 F LINTOTT, A.W. Violence, Civil Strife and Revolution in the Classical City. No of copies: 1 DF82 L761 V LITTMAN, R.J. Greek Experiment, Imperialism and Social Conflict, 800-400 B.C. No of copies: 1 DF81 L781 G MEIER, C. The Greek Discovery of Politics No of copies: 1 JC73 M511 E E MURRAY, O. and PRICE, S.R.F. The Greek City No of copies: 1 DF82 G793 ORRIEUX, C and PANTEL, P.S. A History of Ancient Greece No of Copies 1 M. Trundle’s Office OSTWALD, Martin From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law. No of copies: 1 DF87 O85 F SALMON, J.B. Wealthy Corinth. No of copies: 1 DF261 C65 S172 W SEALEY, Raphael, History of the Greek City States, ca. 700-338 BC. No of copies: 3 DF214 S438 H WARREN, Peter Aegean Civilisations. No of copies: 4 DF261 C8 W292 A WEES, Hans Van. Greek Warfare Myths and Realities No of copies: 1 U33 W292 Sources and Methods ARISTOTLE The Politics, tr. S. Everson No of copies: 1 JC71 A4 P E93 1988 BAGNALL, R.S. and DEROW, P. Greek Historical Documents: The Hellenistic Period No of copies: 1 DF235 A1 B147 G CRANE, G. The Blinded Eye: Thucydides and the New Written Word No of copies 1 PA4461 C891 FORNARA, Charles W. Archaic Times to the End of the Peloponnesian War. No of copies: 4 DF222 A669 FRENCH, A. Sixth-Century Athens: The Sources No of copies: 1 DF209.5 F873 S FROST, F.J. Plutarch’s Themistocles. No of copies: 1 DF226 T3 F939 P GOULD, J. Herodotus
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No of copies: 1 PA4004 G697 H GRANT, M. Ancient Historians. No of copies: 2 DE8 G762 A HARDING, P. From the End of the Peloponnesian War to the Battle of Ipsus No of copies: 4 DF230.9 F931 HART, J. Herodotus and Greek history No of copies: 1 D56.52 H45 H325 LATEINER, D. The Historical Method of Herodotus No of copies: 1 D56.52 H45 L351 H MacKENDRICK, P.L. The Greek Stones Speak. No of copies: 1 DF77 M155 G MEIGGS, R. Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions to the End 5th C. B.C. No of copies: 1 CN360 M512 S 1975 SHRIMPTON, G.S. Theopompus the Historian No of Copies 1 DF212 T395 S561 T SHRIMPTON, G.S. History and Memory in Ancient Greece No of Copies 1. DF2211 S561 H 1998 STANTON, G.R. Athenian Politics, c. 800- 500 B.C.: A Sourcebook. No of copies: 1 DF277 A867 THUCYDIDES Athenian Half Century. Trans. A. French. No of copies: 4 DF229 T5 F873 A USHER, S. Historians of Greece and Rome. No of copies: 2 DE8 U85 H WATERS, Kenneth H. Herodotos, The Historian. No of copies: 1 D56.52 H45 W329 H WESTLAKE, H.D. Individuals in Thucydides. No of copies: 3 PA4461 W529 I WESTLAKE, H.D. Studies in Thucydides and Greek History No of copies: 1 DF229 T6 W529 S XENOPHON History of My Times. Trans. Rex Warner. No of copies: 2 PA4495 H3 W283 H Economic and Social AUSTIN, M.M. Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece. No of copies: 2 HC37 A937 E 1977 FRENCH, A. Growth of the Athenian Economy. No of copies: 1 HC37 F873 G GARLAN, Y. Slavery in Ancient Greece. No of copies: 2 HT863 G233 E E 1988 HANSON, V. D. The Other Greeks: The Family Farm and the Agrarian Roots of Western Civilisation No of copies: 1 HD133 H251 LACEY, W.K. The Family in Classical Greece. No of copies: 3 DF93 L131 F MARTIN, T. Sovereignty and Coinage in Classical Greece No of copies: 1 CJ351 M383 POWELL, Anton Athens and Sparta: Constructing Greek Political and Social History. No of copies: 2 DF82 P882 A SAINTE CROIX, G.E.M. de Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World. No of copies: 1 DF91 D441 C STARR, C.G. Economic and Social Growth of Early Greece, 800-500 B.C. No of copies: 1 HC37 S796 E TRUNDLE, M. Greek Mercenaries from the Late Archaic Period to Alexander No of copies: 1 DF89 T78 VON REDDEN, S. Exchange in Ancient Greece No of copies: 1 CJ351 M383 WIEDEMANN, Thomas Greek and Roman Slavery. No of copies: 3 HT863 G793 WIEDEMANN, Thomas Slavery. No of copies: 4 HT863 W644 S
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WILLETTS, R.F. Everyday Life in Ancient Crete. No of copies: 1 DF261 C8 W713 E WOOD, E.M. and WOOD, N. Class Ideology and Ancient Political Theory. No of copies: 1 JC73 W874 C Women FOLEY, Helene P. Reflections of Women in Antiquity. No of copies: 1 HQ1134 R332 JUST, R. Women in Athenian Law and Life No of copies: 1 HQ1134 W KEULS, E. Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens No of copies: 1 HQ1134 K43 R LEFKOWITZ, Mary R. Women’s Life in Greece and Rome. No of copies: 5 HQ1127 W872 J 1982 PERADOTTO, J. Women in the Ancient World. No of copies: 3 HQ1134 W872 POMEROY, S.B. Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves. No of copies: 2 HQ1134 P785 G SCHAPPS, D. Economic Rights of Women in Ancient Greece No of copies: 1 HQ510 S299 E SEALEY, Raphael, Women and Law in Classical Greece No of copies: 1 HQ1134 5438 W Mycenaean and “Dark Age” Greece CHADWICK, J. The Mycenaean World No of copies: 3 DF220 C432 DESBOROUGH, V.R. d’A. The Greek Dark Ages No of coipies: 1 DF77 D444 G FINLEY, Moses I. The World of Odysseus No of copies: 1 PA4037 F513 OSBORNE, R. Greece in the Making 1200-479 BC No of Copies 1 DF 220O81G PALMER, Leonard R. Mycenaeans and Minoans. No of copies: 1 DF220 P174 M 2ed SNODGRASS, A.M. The Greek Dark Ages No of copies: 1 DF77 S673 D TAYLOUR, William Mycenaeans. No of copies: 2 DF221 M9 T247 M 1983 VENTRIS, M. Documents in Mycenaean Greek No of copies: 1 P1035 V467D VERMEULE, E. Greece in the Bronze Age. No of copies: 7 DF220 V524 G Archaic Age ANDREWES, A. Greek Tyrants. No of copies: 7 DF222 A564 G BOARDMAN, J. The Greeks Overseas. No of copies: 2 DF85 B662 G 1980 BURN, A.R. Lyric age of Greece. No of copies: 4 DF222 B963 L JEFFERY, L.H. Archaic Greece. No of copies: 1 DF222.2 J45 A MURRAY, O. Early Greece. No of copies: 1 DF77 M983 E SNODGRASS, A.M. Archaic Greece. No of copies: 3 DF77 S673 A6
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STARR, C.G. Individual and Community: The Rise of the Polis, 800-500 B.C. No of copies: 3 JC73 S796 I STARR, C.G. Origins of Greek Civilisation. No of copies: 3 DF77 S796 O Athens BERARD, C. A City of Images: Iconography and Society in Ancient Greece No of copies: 1 DF275 C581 E BURN, A.R. Pericles and Athens. No of copies: 6 DF227 B963 P CARGILL, J. Second Athenian League: Empire or Free Alliance? No of copies: 1 DF231.2 C276 S CARTER, L.B. The Quiet Athenian No of copies: 1 JC79 A8 C234 Q CONNOR, W.R. New Politicians of Fifth Century Athens. No of copies: 2 DF285 C752 N EHRENBERG, Victor From Solon to Socrates. No of copies: 7 DF77 E33 F FARRAR, C. The Origins of Democratic Thinking: The Invention of Politics in Classical Athens No of copies: 1 JC75 D36 F242 O FORREST, W.G.G. Emergence of Greek Democracy. No of copies: 4 GARNER, Richard Law and Society in Classical Athens No of copies: 1 DF87 G234 L HARRISON, A.R.W. Law of Athens (vol.2). No of copies: 1 DF87 H318 L 2 HIGNETT, C. History of the Athenian Constitution to End of the 5th C. B.C. No of copies: 2 JC73 H638 H HORNBLOWER, Simon Athenian Empire. No of copies: 2 DF285 A867 3ed JONES, Arnold H.M. Athenian Democracy. No of copies: 4 JC79 A8 J76 A LACTOR (London Association of Classical Teachers). Athenian Politics: Democracy in Athens from Pericles to Cleophon No of copies: 3 DF227 A867 LENARDON, R.J. Saga of Themistocles. No of copies: 2 DF228 T4 L563 S LITTMAN, R.J. Kinship and Politics in Athens No of copies: 1 DF277 L781 K MacDOWELL, Douglas M. Law in Classical Athens. No of copies: 4 DF87 M138 L MANVILLE, P.B. The Origins of Citizenship in Ancient Athens No of copies: 1 JC75 C5 M295 O McGREGOR, Malcolm F. The Athenians and their Empire. No of copies: 2 DF227 M147 A MEIGGS, R. Athenian Empire. No of copies: 4 DF285 M512 A PODLECKI, A.J. Life of Themistocles. No of copies: 1 DF226 T3 P742 L PODLECKI, A.J. Plutarch, Life of Pericles. No of copies: 1 DF228 P4 P742 P QUINN, T.J. Athens and Samos. No of copies: 1 DF214 Q7 A RHODES, P.J. Athenian Empire. No of copies: 3 DF227.4 R474 A ROBERTS, J.T. Accountability in Athenian government. No of copies: 1 DF87 R645 A SINCLAIR, R.K. Democracy and Participation in Athens No of copies: 2 JC79 A8 S616 D
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SEALEY, Raphael, The Athenian Republic: Democracy or the Rule of Law? No of copies: 1 JC79 A8 S438 A SMITH, J.A. Athens Under the Tyrants No of copies: 1 DF285 S651 A STOCKTON, D.L. The Classical Athenian Democracy. No of copies: 1 JC79 A8 S866 C STRAUSS, B.S. Athens after the Peloponnesian War No of copies: 1 DF277 S912 A WOOD, E.M. Peasant-citizen and Slave: The Foundations of Athenian Democracy. No of copies: 1 JC79 A8 W874 P Sparta CARTLEDGE, P. Sparta and Lakonia. No of copies: 1 DF261 S8 C327 S CARTLEDGE, P. Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta. No of copies: 3 DF232 A33 C322/327 A FORREST, W.G.G. History of Sparta, 950-192 B.C. No of copies: 4 DF261 S8 F716 H HODKINSON, S. Property and Wealth in Classical Sparta No. copies: 1 DF HOOKER, J.T. Ancient Spartans. No of copies: 1 DF261 S8 H783 A JONES, Arnold H.M. Sparta. No of copies: 1 DF261 S8 J76 S LAZENBY, J. The Spartan Army No of copies: 1 U33 L437 S LEWIS, David Malcolm Sparta and Persia. No of copies: 1 DF229.2 L673 S MacDOWELL, Douglas M. Spartan Law No of copies: 2 DF87 M138 S MICHELL, H. Sparta. No of copies: 5 DF261 S8 M623 S Persian Wars BENGTSON, H. Greeks and the Persians from the Sixth to the Fourth Centuries. No of copies: 1 D59 B466 G BURN, A.R. Persia and the Greeks: The Defence of the West, ca. 546-478 B.C. No of copies: 2 DF225 B963 P CAWKWELL, G. The Greek Wars: the Failure of Persia No of copies 1 DS 274.2 G74 COOK, J.M. Persian Empire. No of copies: 1 DS281 C771 P HIGNETT, C. Xerxes’ Invasion of Greece. No of copies: 4 DF225 H638 X The Peloponnesian Wars ELLIS, W.M. Alcibiades No of copies: 1 DF230 A4 E47 A KAGAN, D. The Archidamian War. No of copies: 1 DF229.3 K11 A KAGAN, D. The Fall of the Athenian Empire. No of copies: 2 DF229.37 K11 F KAGAN, D. The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. No of copies: 1 DF229.2 K11 O KAGAN, D. The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian expedition. No of copies: 1 DF229.57 K11 P
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SAINTE CROIX, G.E.M. de Origins of the Peloponnesian War. No of copies: 2 DF229.2 D441 O Philip and Alexander BORZA, E.M. In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon. No of copies: 1 DF261 M2 B739 I BOSWORTH, A.B. Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great No of copies: 4 DF234 B747 C BOSWORTH, A.B. Alexander and the East: The Tragedy of Triumph No of Copies 1 DF234.6 B747 A BUCKLER, J. Theban Hegemony, 371-362 B.C. No of copies: 1 DF231.2 B924 T CAWKWELL, G. Philip of Macedon. No of copies: 1 DF233 C383 P DEMOSTHENES. Spectre of Philip. No of copies: 3 PA3951 E5 E47 ELLIS, J.R. Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism. No of copies: 1 DF233 E47 P ERRINGTON, R.M. A History of Macedonia No of copies: 1 DF261 M2 H227 M FOX, Robin Lane, Alexander the Great. No of copies: 1 DF234 F793 A GRIFFITH, G.T. Alexander the Great. No of copies: 1 DF234 G853 A HAMILTON, J.R. Alexander the Great. No of copies: 7 DF234 H218 A HAMMOND, N.G.L. Alexander the Great; King, Commander and Statesman. No of copies: 1 DF234 H227 A HAMMOND, N.G.L. History of Macedonia. 3 volumes. No of copies: 1 of each volume DF261 M3 H227 H HATZOPOULOS, M.B. Philip of Macedon. No of copies: 1 *DF233 P549 WILCKEN, U. Alexander the Great. No of copies: 1 DF234 W667 The Hellenistic World AUSTIN, M.M. Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest.
BAGNALL R.S. & P. Derow, The Hellenistic Period
BILLOWS, R.A., Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State
BILLOWS, R. A. Kings and Colonists: Aspects of Macedonian Imperialism
BRAUND, D. 'After Alexander: the Emergence of the Hellenistic World, 323-281', in A. Erskine ed., A
Companion to the Hellenistic World, 19-35.
CHANIOTIS, A., War in the Hellenistic World
GRANT, M. From Alexander to Cleopatra: The Hellenistic World
LEWIS, N., Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt
OGDEN, D. Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: The Hellenistic Monarchies
POMEROY, S.B. Women in Hellenistic Egypt from Alexander to Cleopatra
SHIPLEY, G. Shipley, G. The Greek World After Alexander 323 – 30 BC
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Lecture Schedule 2007 The texts assigned below should be read in preparation for each lecture or tutorial. Although only passages from the major Greek historians are assigned for each session, you are required to read all references shown in bold type: Course Materials (CM), Herodotus (Hdt), Thucydides (Thuc) and Xenophon (Xen) and these will provide gobbets for commentary in the exams. You will certainly be asked to demonstrate knowledge of these texts in the final examination. Be aware that the amount of required (rather than simply recommended) reading peaks at the mid-course break so it would be wise to read ahead from the first weeks of the course. Synopses and the overheads for each lecture will be posted on the Internet through Blackboard. Week I NO TUTORIALS M Feb 26 Introduction to the Course: Approaches, Sources and Methods A 1-40 W Feb 28 Greek Beginnings and the Mycenaeans A 41-43; M 5-34; D 1-8; B 35-60; F 1-25. Th Mar 1 Homer, Iliad and Odyssey CM 32-39; M 35-68; F 26-27, 37-38, 44-45; B 70-75; A 41-66. Week II TUT 1: Orientation [CM 29-31] M Mar 5 After the Mycenaeans - “The Dark Age” A 41-66; M: 5-34; F 26-45; B 61-70. W Mar 7 Themes of the Archaic Age 1: The Polis M 62-68; B 63-66; F 43-61; A 67-92 Th Mar 8 Themes of the Archaic Age 2: Alphabet, Hoplites, Games & Coins M 124-136; B 75-78, 104-125; F 27, 60-63, 94-136 Week III TUT 2: Dark Age and Archaic Greece [CM 32-39] M Mar 12 Themes of the Archaic Age 3: Colonization & Trade CM 32-50; Hdt. 4.147-164 (261-9); M 69-123, 137-158; B 83-103; F
62-93; A 93-118. W Mar 14 Themes of the Archaic Age 4: Sparta CM 51-82; Hdt . 1.65-68 (25-8), 1.82 (33-4); M 159-180; B 112-118;
F 137-175; A 178-209. Th Mar 15 Early Athens to c. 600 BCE CM 93-120; M 181-200; Plut. Theseus; B 66-70; F 176-188; A 119-
144 Week IV TUT 3: Greek Colonisation [CM 40-46] M Mar 19 Solon and Peisistratus: Athens in the Sixth Century. CM 93-107; Hdt. 1.29-33 (12-15); M 181-245, 268-273; Plut. Solon;
B 118-125: F 188-220; Plut. Peisistratus W Mar 21 Cleisthenes and the Origins of Athenian Democracy CM 106-109; Hdt. 5.66-76 (302-306); M 262-287; B 151-157: F 220-
243; A 210-234. Th Mar 22 Herodotus and History Hdt. 1.1-1.5 (3-5), 9.122 (543); M 22-28; B 225.
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Week V TUT 4: Cleomenes [CM 83-92] M Mar 26 The Persian Empire and the Near East Hdt. 1.131-140 (55-58), 3.88-96 (190-193), 4.36-41 (227-228); M 246-
261; B 126-129, 146-151; F 244-269; A 255-266. W Mar 28 The Persian Wars I Hdt. 5.73 (305), 5.96-5.97 (316-317), 5.105-106, (319); M 278-301; B
157-163; F 269-288. Th Mar 29 The Persian Wars II CM 121-125; Hdt. 7.139 (415); M 288-301; B 163-192; 288-328; F
289-328; Hdt. 6.103-9-end (358-543) Week VI TUT 5: The Persian Empire [CM 121-123, Hdt. 1.131-140, 3.88-96,
4.36] M Apr 2 The Delian League CM 126-139; Thuc. 95-103, 108-117; D 64-86; B 193-208; F 329-350;
R 14-40; A 267-275; Plut. Aristeides and Cimon W Apr 4 The Athenian Empire CM 126-139; D 9-36, 51-63; B 238-245; F 383-441; R 41-53. Th Apr 5 Athenian Democracy CM 108-120, 146-178; D 64-86; B 208-224; F 351-382; R 54-70.
Th Apr 5 (Gobbet Commentary Due)
Easter Break: 6thApril – 22nd April 2007 Week VII No Tutorials M Apr 23 The Athenian Economy CM 140-145; D 87-99, 222-226; B 124, 214-215, 321-325; F 429-441;
R 54-70, 116-123; A 235-249. W Apr 25 ANZAC DAY: UNIVERSITY CLOSED Th Apr 26 Thucydides and History Thuc. I.1-1.23 (35-49); B 258-270; F 442-456 Week VIII TUT 6 [7]: Athenian Democracy [CM 167-178] M Apr 30 The Peloponnesian Wars I: 431-421 D 117-128; Plut. Pericles 195-200; B 219-224, 258-270; F 352-371,
357-487; R 81-115. W May 2 Peloponnesian Wars II: 421-413 Thuc. 5-7; D 87-116; B 225-237, 271-279; R 116-141. Th May 3 The Peloponnesian Wars III: 414-404 Thuc. 414-427, 483-537; Xen, 1.1-2.2; D 134-135; B 280-299; F 488-
518; R 142-171; Plut. Nicias
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Week IX TUT 7 [6]: The Origins of the Peloponnesian War [CM 140-145] M May 7 Athens After the Peloponnesian Wars CM 179-193; Xen, 2.3-2.4; PH 8-11, 19-26; D 151-173; B 299-304; F
518-539; R 172-188, 257-272 W May 9 The Early Fourth Century I CM 179-193; Xen, 3; PH 35-38; Plut. Pelopidas; D 174-197, 214-234;
B 305-320; F 539-604; R 189-225. Th May 10 The Early Fourth Century II CM 179-193; Xen, 4-5; Xen, 6-7; D 174-197; B 305-320; 539-604; R
226-256. Week X TUT 8: Essay Writing and 10% Test [CM 194] Essay Plan Due M May 14 Philip II of Macedon CM 195-202; PH 82-82-100, 111-113, 117-125; D 235-260; B 326-
336; F 605-683; R 294-327 W May 16 Alexander III (the Great) of Macedon W 29-45; W 13-28; Plut. Alexander; B 336-342; R 347-366 Th May 17 Alexander’s World W 46-59; B 347-352; R 367-383 Week XI TUT 9: The Murder of Philip II of Macedon [CM 195-202] M May 21 The Hellenistic World PH 152-161, 165-169, 176; W 60-78, 159-197; B 342-347, 352-368; R
384-387 W May 23 Coins and Greek History A 249-254; M 237-240; W 25-26, 87-89, 138-139,160-161 Th May 24 Warfare and Greek History (ESSAY DUE: Friday 25th May) Week XII TUT 10: The Enigma of Alexander the Great [CM 203-206] M May 28 The Romans and the Greek World 1 W May 30 The Romans and the Greek World 2 Th May 31 Review of the Course and Exam Preview Please note that I will hold a voluntary library tour after one of the lectures in the first two weeks of the course and revision tutorials in the study break before exams. Times and dates to be advised for both. And remember, any question is a good question!
