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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s =
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 9
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fccmbm` Rfooflg~p G~cfe~ mxp|mem fppgp}`m hi nhkym|p h| `gm+ Ifkfpgnfc# i}k`femkpfcg~p
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gkim|gh| Gk`gfk ngygcgtfpghk1 ph |m`mme pom Gk`gfk~+ Pom ^}lnhkpgkmkp lmnfem f lfppcmb|h}k`
ih| No|g~pgfk eg~~ghkf|gm~ f~ pomw gezh~m` pome~mcym~ hk pom chnfc~ f~ ~hc`gm|~ hi
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cfr~ fk` pmnokhchbw hk Gk`gf# l}p fc~h L|gp g~o yfc}m~4 khp d}~p ph |}cm fk` f`egkg~pm| Gk`gf#
l}p fc~h ph |m`mme fk` gez|hym gp /P om Gk`mzmk`mkp'+ F |mfnpghk rf~ l}p kfp}|fc+ Hkm ~}no
zm|~hk roh |mfnpm` ~p|hkbcw fbfgk~p pog~ fl~}|` zcfk hi phpfc `hegkfpghk rf~ ^fwwm
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zgcb|gefbm ph Emnnf# nfem }k`m| omfyw gkic}mknm hi pom pmfnogkb~ hi E}ofeef` lgk fl`
Fc%Rfoofl roh omc` fk mxp|mem ygmr hi G~cfe# z|hzfbfpgkb pom }kfyhg`flcm ncf~o lmprmmk
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 2
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s ?
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rohcm Gk`gfk ~hngmpw+ F~ f |m~}cp hi pom~m mxp|meg~p zhcgngm~# rm ~mm pom gkn|mf~gkbcw
fbb|m~~gym fk` gkn|mf~gkbcw f~~m|pgym No|g~pgfk `hegkfpghk hi pom Mf~p rogno cmf` ph
yg|p}fccw kh gkpm|| fngfc h| gkpm|%|mcgbgh}~ nhkpfnp rofp~hmym|+ P og~ ~oh}c` of|`cw lm f
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khr# zmhzcm f|m ~}|z|g~m` /E|+ @fc|wezcm gk E}pgkw
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 7
f z|hph%Kftg if~oghk+ Pom ngpw hi @mcog rf~ fceh~p `m~p|hwm`# z}cym|gtm` ph mf|po# cgpm|fccw+
L}p pom L|gpg~o fp|hngpgm~ `g` khp mk` om|m+
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hi zm|ofz~ og~ph|w~ eh~p l|}pfc fk` ofpmi}c |mymkbm rogno `|fgkm` pome hi fcc ygpfcgpgm~+
Pom L|gp g~o lcfem E}~cge~ ~hcmcw ih| pom e}pgkw fk` lmbfk ph rh|a h}p fk fbmk`f ph | g`
pome hii hi fcc pomg| f~~mp~# gkpmccmnp}fc fk` hpom|rg~m+ E}~cge~ rm|m `mkgm` fkw mxnm~~ ph
hiigngfc zh~p~# rm|m `g~n|gegkfpm` fbfgk~p hk pom lf~g~ hi |mcgbghk# |fnm fk` nhch}|# fk` rm|m
l|}pfccw ih|nm` gkph pom `f|a fbm~ rgpoh}p ~}iigngmkp m`}nfpghk h| emfk~ ih| cgygkb+
Z| hzm|pw lmchkbgkb ph E}~cge~ rf~ nhkig~nfpm` fk` pom Nhezfkw~ nheem|ngfc zhcgnw
mcgegkfpm` pom E}~cge~ i|he gkpm|kfc fk` ih|mgbk p|f`m /Rf| hi Gk`mzmk`mknm'+ Pom
L|gpg~o gkp|h`}nm` Mkbcg~o ~w~pme hi m`}nfpghk+ Pog~ ~w~pme of` kh |hhe ih| E}~cge~
|mcgbghk fk`# nhk~mv}mkpcw# pom E}~cge~ ~pfwm` frfw i|he gp+ F~ f |m~}cp#
rgpogk f imr wmf|~ hi ch~~ hi zhcgpgnfc zhrm|# pom E}~cge~ ch~p fcc fymk}m~
hi mezchwemkp# rm|m `g~zh~~m~~m` hi pomg| m~pfpm~ fk` `mz|gym` hi pom lmkmigp~
hi m`}nfpghk+ F ogbocw n}cp}|m` nhee}kgpw p}|km` gkph f lfnarf|` fk` zhh|
zmhzcm+ Gk pomg| zcfnm L|gpg~o%m`}nfpm` Ogk`}~ lmbfk ph hnn}zw zh~gpghk~ gk
bhym|kemkp hiignm~ ih|em|cw omc` lw pom E}~cge~+ /Rf| hi Gk`mzmk`mknm
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kfp}|m pofk pom fccmbm` mxp|meg~e hi Rfooflg G~cfe+ L|gp g~o No|g~pgfk~ `m~p|hwm` Gk`gfk
n}cp}|fc om|gpfbm fk` Gk`gfk E}~cge~ gk |mymkbm+ Pomw ~gezcw rg~om` ph m|f~m @mcog i|he
pom ifnm hi pom mf|po /E}p gkw 0?4
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 6:
Rfooflg G~cfe g~ hipmk fnn}~m` hi+ L}p pom og~ph|w ncmf|cw ~ohr~ }~ pofp i}k`femkpfcg~e
fk` mxp|meg~e f|m pm|e~ fzzcgnflcm ph lhpo No|g~pgfk z|fnpgnm~ fk` ~hem hi pom z|fnpgnm~ hi
Rfooflg G~cfe+ Fnp}fccw# gk pog~ nf~m# pom pm|e g~ eh|m ~}gpflcm ih| Myfkbmcgnfc No|g~pgfkgpw
pofk Rfoolg~p G~cfe# fk` fk }kz|md}`gnm` ygmr rh}c` nfcc }zhk fk fnnmzpfknm hi pog~ ifnp+
8/9/2019 Clash of the Extremes: The Wahhabi Islam and Fundamentalist Christianity from Pre-Divided British India to 9/11 a
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 66
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ihcchrgkb hi pom lf~gn pmfnogkb~ hi fkw |mcgbghk /Hxih|`' fk` pom lmcgmi gk hc` fk`
p|f`gpghkfc ih|e~ hi |mcgbghk# h| pom lmcgmi pofp rofp g~ r| gppmk gk ohcw lhha# ~}no f~ pom
No|g~p gfk Lglcm# g~ nhezcmpmcw p|}m /Nfel|g`bm'+ F i}k`femkpfcg~p# pomknm# rh}c` lm
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rofpmym| g~ r|gppmk gk f ohcw lhha g~ p|}m+ Lw pog~ `migkgpghk# gp p}|k~ h}p# ph lm f
i}k`femkpfcg~p# pomk# g~ khp f lf` pogkb fp fcc+ Gp g~# |fpom|# nheemk`flcm+ Ohrmym|# gp g~ khp
pom `gnpghkf|w `migkgpghk pofp zh~m~ z|hlcme~ l}p pom gkpm|z|mpgym df|bhk pofp g~ gezcgm
rogcm fppmezpgkb ph fzzcw pog~ pm|e gk f kmbfpgym ~mk~m# m~zmngfccw hk E}~cge~+
Egn|h~hip Mknf|pf `gnpghkf|w f``~ f zhcgpgnfc `gemk~ghk ph pom `migkgpghk hi pom pm|e#
~pfpgkb pofp i}k`femkpfcg~e g~ f |mcgbgh}~ h| zhcgpgnfc ehymemkp lf~m` hk f cgpm|fc
gkpm|z|mpfp ghk hi fk` ~p| gnp f`om|mknm ph `hnp|gkm# m~zmngfccw f~ f |mp}|k ph ih|em|
z|gkngzcm~+ Ohrmym|# pom pm|e i}k`femkpfcg~e rf~ h|gbgkfccw nhgkm` ph `m~n|glm f
kf||hrcw migkm` ~mp hi lmcgmi~ pofp `mymchzm gkph f ehymemkp rgpogk pom Z|hpm~pfkp
nhee}kgpw hi pom ]kgpm` ^pfpm~ gk pom mf|cw zf|p hi pom
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 6
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 6>
Gk fnp}fcgpw# pom pm|e `hm~ khp emfk f ohcw rf| fp fcc+ Dgof` nhem~ i|he pom |hhp df
of `f# rogno emfk~ ph ~p|}bbcm# ph ~p|gym /Fc%E}kdg`'+ Pom `m|gyfpgym i|he dgof`# omknm#
emfk~ pom ~p|}bbcm+ Gp g~ hkcw romk rm f`` fk Fc rgpo pom rh|` dgof` ph efam gp f z|hzm|
kh}k romk gp~ emfkgkb~ nofkbm ph ph agcc gk pom kfem hi |mcgbghk /g`+'+ Gk pom Mkbcg~o
p|fk~cfpghk hi pom Ah|fk# pom rh|` igbop hnn}|~ 2< pgem~? /P om V}|fk'+ Romk |mf` fk`
}k`m|~phh` gk pom nhkpmxp# khkm hi pom~m ym|~m~ nheefk` E}~cge~ ph agcc gkig`mc~# mxnmzp hk
f lfppcmigmc`# gk pom pgem~ hi rf|# romk gp g~ rfbm` fbfgk~p pome# gk ~mci mimknm /ih| mxfezcm4
Igbop gk pom nf}~m hi Fccfo poh~m roh igbop wh} /
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 60
Pm|e~ cgam G~cfehif~ng~e fk` Kftg%G~cfe ~}bbm~p f nhkkmnpghk lmprmmk G~cfegn
pmfnogkb~ hi dgof` fk` pom if~ng~p( Kftg ofp|m`+ L}p pom|m of~ kmym| lmmk ~nohcf|cw z|hhi pofp
fkw hi pom~m nhkkmnpghk~ fnp}fccw mxg~p+ Gp ~}iignm~ ph ~pfpm fp pog~ zhgkp# f~ pom `g~n}~~ghk hi
pom~m pm|e~ g~ h}p hi pom ~nhzm hi pog~ zfzm|# pofp pom~m pm|e~ f|m khp hkcw hiimk~gym# l}p f|m
fk hym|~gezcgignfpghk hi nm|pfgk |mcgbgh}~ lmcgmi~ lw pom emfk~ hi if}cpw fkfchbgm~+
@g~n}~~ghk gk pog~ ~mnpghk ymkp}|m~ ph ~ohr pom emfkgkb~ hi pm|e~ hipmk fppfnom
rgpo G~cfe+ Pm|e~ cgam i}k`femkpfcg~e# mxp|meg~e fk` egcgpfkp dgof` f|m# ym|w |mb}cf|cw#
}~m` zmdh|fpgymcw ih| G~cfegn lmcgmi~+ Pog~ nh}c` lm nfccm f e}no p}kkmccm` zm|~zmnpgym# khp
ph emkpghk fk mxp|memcw z|md}`gnm` hkm+ F z|md}`gnm%i|mm fkfcw~g~ hi pom~m pm|e~ rh}c` nfcc
}zhk pom |mfcgtfpghk hi pom ifnp pofp pom~m pm|e~ f|m mv}fccw yfcg ih| fkw |mcgbghk+
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 6=
% GGG %
I|fkng~ I}a}wfef f|b}m~ pofp pom f`ymkp hi Rm~pm|k cglm|fc `mehn|fnw efw ~gbkfc
pom mk` zhgkp hi efkagk`~ g mhchbgnfc myhc}pghk fk` pom igkfc ih|e hi o}efk bhym|kemkp6:
/Pom Mk` hi Og~ph|w fk` pom Cf~p Efk'+ Gi ih| I}a}wfef pom og~ph|w mk`~ gk pm|e~ hi
g`mhchbgnfc ncf~om~ zm|pfgkgkb f ~}zm|gh| zhcgpgnfc ~w~pme# ih| ^fe}mc Z+ O}kpgkbphk f kmr
lfppcmigmc` mem|bm~# rom|m pom rf||gkb hzzh~gpghk~ lf~m pomg| nhkicgnp~ hk |mcgbghk4
Gk p om mem|bgkb rh|c`# pom |mcfpghk~ lmprmmk ~pfpm~ fk` b|h}z~ i|he
`giim|mkp ngygcgtfpghk~ rgcc khp lm nch~m fk` rgcc hipmk lm fkpfbhkg~p gn+ Wmp
~hem gkpm|ngygcgtfpghk | mcfpghk~ f|m eh|m nhkicgnp%z|hkm pofk hpom|~+ Fp pom
egn|h cmymc# pom eh~p yghcmkp if}cp cgkm~ f|m lmprmmk G~cfe fk` gp ~ H|poh`hx#
Ogk`}# Fi|gnfk# fk` R m~pm|k No|g~pgfk kmgbolh|~+ Fp pom efn|h cmymc# pom
`hegkfkp `gyg~ghk g~ lmprmmk pom pom Rm~p fk` pom |m~p# rgpo pom eh~p
gkpmk~m nhkicgnp~ hnn}||gkb lmprmmk E}~cge~ fk` F~gfk ~hngmpgm~ hk pom hkm
ofk`# fk` pom Rm~p hk pom hpom|+ P om `fkbm|h}~ ncf~om~ hi pom i}p}|m f|m
cgamcw ph f|g~m i|he pom gkpm|fnpghk hi Rm~pm|k f||hbfknm# G~cfegn gkphcm|fknm#
fk` ^gkgn f~~m|p gymkm~~+ /6?> ~gn'
O}kp gkbphk~ `gyg~ghk hi pom rh|c` gkph pom Rm~p fk` pom |m~p h|# eh|m fzz|hz|gfpmcw#
G~cfe fk` pom \m~p# |mcgm~# efgkcw# hk pom fccmbm` gkphcm|fkp lmofygh}| hi i}k`femkpfcg~p
fk` mxp|meg~p G~cfe+ Om bhm~ f chkb rfw gk og~ `m~g|m ph z|hym pofp pom hkcw ncf~o# fk` pom
eh~p gezh|pfkp hkm gk og~ph|w# of~ fcrfw~ lmmk lmprmmk G~cfe fk` No|g~pgfkgpw4
^hem Rm~pm|km|~# gknc}`gkb Z|m~g`mkp Lgcc Ncgkphk# ofym f|b}m` pofp pom
Rm~p `hm~ khp ofym z|hlcme~ rgpo G~cfe l}p hkcw rgpo yghcmkp G~cfeg~p
mxp|meg~p+ Ih}|pmmk o}k`|m` wmf|~ hi og~ph|w `mehk~p|fpm hpom|rg~m+ Pom
|mcfpghk~ lmprmmk G~cfe fk` No|g~pgfkgpw# lhpo H|poh`hx fk` Rm~pm|k# ofym
hipmk lmmk ~ph|ew+ Mfno of~ lmmk pom hpom|~ Hpom|+ /
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 69
|mcgbgh}~ hzgkghk~# E}~cge~ fb|mm pofp lf~gn `giim|mknm~ mxg~p lmprmmk pomg| n}cp}|m fk`
Rm~pm|k n}cp}|m /6
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 62
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 6?
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s 67
Gk pom rmma~ ihcchrgkb pom l|hf`nf~p hi pom zohph~ lw NL^ gk Fz|gc
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N c f ~ o h i p o m M x p | m e m ~ s
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