Date post: | 15-Jul-2015 |
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In just a few short months…
You’ll have trained ears
You’ll know how to transcribe English… Standard American and other varieties Foreign accents, kids’ disordered
You’ll understand how speech is articulated
Introduce yourselves
Tell us how you say your name
I’ll transcribe it on the board
Also tell us: Where you grew up Other languages you speak or studied What kind of an accent you think you have
Knowledge and skills today
Take home the sheet and fill it out
Bring it back next Wednesday
We’ll look at it again at the end of the course to see how much you have learned
Phoneticians study…
The sounds of speech (and their variation)
Auditory: how sounds are perceived
Articulatory: how sounds are made
Acoustic: the physics of speech sounds
Signed languages also have phonetics
What you can do with phonetics
Understand speech errors
Make computers speak
Help someone master a new sound
Figure out where someone is from
Determine if a child is developing normally
Mouth some speech silently
Speaking is something that most of us do effortlessly
In phonetics, we break that down into the components
What can you feel moving to produce speech?
X-ray videos or cineradiographs
Observe closely One part of the vocal tract at a time Lips, tongue, velum, throat/pharynx “On top of his deck”
http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/course/chapter1.1/chapter1.1.htm
Structure of the course
Syllabus, requirements, participation!
Work hard early to cover the basics
3 take home exams (no final exam)
Various homework and quizzes
A small project
Final project (group or individual)
Spelling? Trustworthy?
We all know how to spell; couldn’t we just use that?
Examples why or why not…
Try these sentences
The wind is strong enough to wind the windmill.
Please polish the Polish silver.
It took a minute to find the minute latch.
Excuse me while I think of an excuse.
Separate the cards into separate piles.
Correspondences in spelling
Did he believe that Caesar could see the people seize the seas?
See, senile, sea, seize, scenic, siege, ceiling, cedar, cease, juicy, sexy, glossy
Show, issue, mansion, national, suspicion, ocean, conscious, chaperone, fuschia
Breeze, cheese, ease, sleaze, frieze
Many spellings for one pronunciation
More spelling correspondences
Tough, cough, through, though, hiccough, bough, thoroughfare
Love, move, rove (eye rhymes)
One spelling for many pronunciations
No one-to-one correspondence between sound and spelling
Representing sounds of speech
To do this accurately, must have a standard
Using a standard with one-to-one sound to spelling correspondence
IPA = International Phonetic Alphabet Global standard, used in: Communication disorders, theater, Language teaching, dictionaries, directories, Theoretical and computational linguistics
How many sounds?
First step in transcribing is breaking down into individual sounds (ignoring the spelling!)… Cat Snack Moon Planet Boy Girl
How many sounds? Part 2
Remember to ignore the spelling and trust your own pronunciation Taxi Bathing Chocolate Gnome Slippery Prints Laundry
Consonants and vowels of English
How many different consonants do you guess English has?
How about vowels?
And diphthongs?
Consonants and vowels of English
How many different consonants do you guess English has? 24
How about vowels? 14
And diphthongs? 3, 4, or 6 depending on how you count
Consonants
Pretty easy because our usual alphabetic symbols represent them pretty well
16 of the 24 are exactly what you’d expect
Name some consonantsAnd here are the rest…Practice writing the symbols
Easier symbols for consonants
Important: use lower case
Upper case may represent totally different sound - example of B
p b t d k g m n f v s z h l r w
More challenging consonants
Engma “ng”: ŋ Theta for “th” “thin”: θ Eth for other “th” “the”: ð
Esh – “sh” elongated s: ʃ Ezh – z with tail: ʒ “ch” – 2 symbols: tʃ “j” – 2 symbols: d ʒ “y” j
Using the consonant symbols
Examples
The trickier symbols in different positions
The concept of a minimal pair or set
Vowels
Trickier! Sorry. English varies a lot in vowels Fewer letters of alphabet to begin with So more symbols to master
Fill in frame of “h_d” with different vowels to make as many words as possible
English has more vowels!
Refer to handout of symbols for transcription
Do examples on board together
Diphthongs
3 true diphthongsaɪ pieaʊ powɔɪ poi
Sometimes called diphthongseɪ payoʊ po (the Teletubbie)
ju pew
Using the vowel symbols
Examples in different positions
Slight differences
Unstressed syllables
Vowels before /r/ are extremely tricky and more info and tips will come