• Commands

• Verb to be (Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative forms)

• Contractions

• Numbers 1-50

• Age

(Órdenes)

Please, close the door

Please shut the window

Please stand up

Please sit down

Please tell me

Please spell…

Please come to me QUICKLY

Please write

• Interrogative form

• Affirmative Form (Short and long)

• Negative Form (Short and Long”

INTERROGATIVE FORM La forma interrogativa del verbo “to be” (ser o estar) se

forma colocando el verbo conjugado primero, seguido por el pronombre.

La frase “we are students” (somos estudiantes) tendría la siguiente forma interrogativa:

ARE WE STUDENTS? (¿Sómos estudiantes?)

ARE (Verb) + WE (Pronoun) + STUDENTS? (Complement)

LET´S REVIEW! ¿Cuáles son los pronombres personales?

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

I (Yo)

YOU (Tú, usted)

HE (él)

SHE (ella)

IT (eso – Para animales, cosas o elementos no humanos)

THEY (Ellos)

WE (Nosotros)

YOU (Ustedes)

Verb TO BE conjugationI AM(Yo SOY)

YOU ARE(Tú ERES, usted ES)

HE IS (él ES)

SHE IS(ella ES)

IT IS(eso ES)

THEY ARE(Ellos SON)

WE ARE(Nosotros SOMOS)

YOU ARE(Ustedes SON)

NOTA:YOU es el mismo pronombre en plural y singular: Usted y Ustedes. El contexto define a cuál de los dos se refiere.

Por ejemplo:

You are a doctor (Singular)- Usted es un doctorYou are doctors (Plural)- Ustedes son doctores

EXAMPLES OF INTERROGATIVE FORM

I AM A TEACHER

Interrogative form:

AM I A TEACHER?

YOU ARE A STUDENT

Interrogative form:

ARE YOU A STUDENT?

He is a doctor.

Interrogative form:

IS HE A DOCTOR?

Daniel is a pilot.

Interrogative form:

IS DANIEL A PILOT?

(Aquí el pronombre ”He” es reemplazado por el nombre de la persona, en este caso “Daniel”).

Sandra is in the office

IS SANDRA IN THE OFFICE?

She is a secretary

IS SHE A SECRETARY?

The dog is in the park

IS THE DOG IN THE PARK?

It is cute.

IS IT CUTE?

You are in the classroom.

ARE YOU IN THE CLASSROOM?

We are in Pereira.

ARE WE IN PEREIRA?

They are in Paris.

ARE THEY IN PARIS?

AFFIRMATIVE FORM(LONG)

En la forma afirmativa larga (para contestar preguntas), se incluye toda la información contenida en la forma interrogativa.

Así:

Is she a secretary?

YES, SHE IS A SECRETARY.

EJEMPLOS:-AM I A TEACHER?

-YES, YOU ARE A TEACHER

-¿Soy una profesora?

-Sí, tú eres una profesora.

Cuando la pregunta incluye el pronombre “I”, la respuesta será con el pronombre “YOU”.

Y VICEVERSA = Cuando la pregunta es con el pronombre “YOU”, la respuesta es con el pronombre “I”.

- ARE YOU YULI? - ¿Eres Yuli?

- YES, I AM YULI - Sí, yo soy Yuli.

La misma regla aplica cuando el pronombre “YOU” se refiere a “USTEDES”. En este caso, la respuesta se hará con el pronombre “WE” (Nosotros).

-ARE YOU IN THE CLASSROOM?

-YES, WE ARE IN THE CLASSROOM.

-¿Están en el salón?

-Sí, nosotros estamos en el salón.

Y VICEVERSA:

- ARE WE IN PEREIRA? -¿Estamos en Pereira?

- YES, YOU ARE IN PEREIRA. -Sí, ustedes están en Pereira.

Nota: Cuando la persona quien pregunta usando el pronombre “WE” está incluida en ese grupo (NOSOTROS), la respuesta no será con YOU, sino con WE también.-ARE WE IN PEREIRA? -YES, WE ARE IN PEREIRA.

Am I a teacher?

YES, YOU ARE A TEACHER

Are you a student?

YES, I AM A STUDENT

Is Daniel in the Hospital?

YES, DANIEL IS IN THE HOSPITAL.

YES, HE IS IN THE HOSPITAL.

Is he a doctor?

YES, HE IS A DOCTOR.

Is Sandra in the office?

YES, SANDRA IS IN THE OFFICE.

YES, SHE IS IN THE OFFICE.

Is she a secretary?

YES, SHE IS A SECRETARY.

Is the dog in the park?

YES, THE DOG IS IN THE PARK.

YES, IT IS IN THE PARK.

Is it cute?

YES, IT IS CUTE.

Are you in the classroom?

YES, WE ARE IN THE CLASSROOM.

Are we in Pereira?

YES, WE ARE IN PEREIRA.

YES, YOU ARE IN PEREIRA.

Are they in Paris?

YES, THEY ARE IN PARIS.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM(SHORT)

En la forma afirmativa corta (para contestar preguntas), no se incluye toda la información contenida en la forma interrogativa, sólo se responde hasta el verbo.

Así:

Is she a secretary?

YES, SHE IS.

Am I a teacher?

YES, YOU ARE.

Are you a student?

YES, I AM.

Is Daniel in the Hospital?

YES, HE IS.

Is he a doctor?

YES, HE IS.

Is Sandra in the office?

YES, SHE IS.

Is she a secretary?

YES, SHE IS.

Is the dog in the park?

YES, IT IS.

Is it cute?

YES, IT IS.

Are you in the classroom?

YES, WE ARE.

Are we in Pereira?

YES, WE ARE.

YES, YOU ARE.

Are they in Paris?

YES, THEY ARE.

NEGATIVE FORM(LONG)

En la forma negativa larga (para contestar preguntas), se incluye toda la información contenida en la forma interrogativa seguida del auxiliar de negación NOT.

NO +PRONOMBRE + VERBO + NOT + COMPLEMENTO

Así:

Is she a secretary?

NO, SHE IS NOT A SECRETARY.

Am I a teacher?

NO, YOU ARE NOT A TEACHER

Are you a student?

NO, I AM NOT A STUDENT

Is Daniel in the Hospital?

NO, DANIEL IS NOT IN THE HOSPITAL.

NO, HE IS NOT IN THE HOSPITAL.

Is he a doctor?

NO, HE IS NOT A DOCTOR.

Is Sandra in the office?

NO, SANDRA IS NOT IN THE OFFICE.

NO, SHE IS NOT IN THE OFFICE.

Is she a secretary?

NO, SHE IS NOT A SECRETARY.

Is the dog in the park?

NO, THE DOG IS NOT IN THE PARK.

NO, IT IS NOT IN THE PARK.

Is it cute?

NO, IT IS NOT CUTE.

Are you in the classroom?

NO, WE ARE NOT IN THE CLASSROOM.

Are we in Pereira?

NO, WE ARE NOT IN PEREIRA.

NO, YOU ARE NOT IN PEREIRA.

Are they in Paris?

NO, THEY ARE NOT IN PARIS.

NEGATIVE FORM(SHORT)

En la forma negativa corta (para contestar preguntas), no se incluye toda la información contenida en la forma interrogativa, sólo se responde hasta el auxiliar de negación.

Así:

Is she a secretary?

NO, SHE IS NOT.

Am I a teacher?

NO, YOU ARE NOT.

Are you a student?

NO, I AM NOT.

Is Daniel in the Hospital?

NO, HE IS NOT.

Is he a doctor?

NO, HE IS NOT.

Is Sandra in the office?

NO, SHE IS NOT.

Is she a secretary?

NO, SHE IS NOT.

Is the dog in the park?

NO, IT IS NOT.

Is it cute?

NO, IT IS NOT.

Are you in the classroom?

NO, WE ARE NOT.

Are we in Pereira?

NO, WE ARE NOT.

NO, YOU ARE NOT.

Are they in Paris?

NO, THEY ARE NOT.

Contracciones

Las contracciones son abreviaciones en la forma escrita y oral que se realizan para garantizar la fluidez del idioma.

Estas son las contracciones del verbo TO BE:

PARA LA FORMA AFIRMATIVA:

I am Yuli = I’M YULI

You are a nurse = YOU´RE A NURSE.

She is a student = SHE’S A STUDENT.

He is a doctor = HE’S A DOCTOR

It is a cat = IT’S A CAT.

We are in Medellin = WE´RE IN MEDELLIN

They are partners = THEY’RE PARTNERS

Por lo tanto, estas contracciones se pueden incluir para responder preguntas con la forma AFIRMATIVA LARGA.

Are you happy?

Yes, I’m happy.

Is he in the office?

Yes, he’s in the office.

Are you sad?

Yes, we’re sad.

Are they worried?

Yes, they’re worried.

Pero JAMÁS se usan en la forma AFIRMATIVA CORTA.

Are you happy?

Yes, I’m. Yes, I am.

Is he in the office?

Yes, he’s . Yes, he is.

Are you sad?

Yes, we’re. Yes, we are.

Are they worried?

Yes, they’re. Yes, they are.

PARA LA FORMA NEGATIVA: Hay dos maneras de hacerlo:

LA PRIMERA:

I am not Yuli = I’M NOT YULI (Para este pronombre es la única forma)

You are not a nurse = YOU´RE NOT A NURSE.

She is not a student = SHE’S NOT A STUDENT.

He is not a doctor = HE’S NOT A DOCTOR

It is not a cat = IT’S NOT A CAT.

We are not in Medellin = WE´RE NOT IN MEDELLIN

They are not partners = THEY’RE NOT PARTNERS

LA SEGUNDA:

I am not Yuli = I’M NOT YULI (Para este pronombre es la única forma)

You are not a nurse = YOU AREN’T A NURSE.

She is not a student = SHE ISN’T A STUDENT.

He is not a doctor = HE ISN’T A DOCTOR

It is not a cat = IT ISN’T A CAT.

We are not in Medellin = WE AREN’T IN MEDELLIN

They are not partners = THEY AREN’T PARTNERS

Por lo tanto: Hay tres formas de negación larga:

1) Sin abreviación:

Is she a singer?

NO, SHE IS NOT A SINGER

2) Con abreviación:

NO, SHE’S NOT A SINGER

3) Con abreviación:

NO, SHE ISN’T A SINGER

Al contrario de las respuestas afirmativas, en las negativas SÍ PUEDE HABER CONTRACCIÓN en las respuestas cortas, así:

Is he in Pereira?

NO, HE’S NOT.

NO, HE ISN’T.

1-50

0 = ZERO 11= ELEVEN

1 = ONE 12= TWELVE

2 = TWO 13= THIRTEEN

3 = THREE 14= FOURTEEN

4= FOUR 15= FIFTEEN

5= FIVE 16= SIXTEEN

6 = SIX 17= SEVENTEEN

7 = SEVEN 18= EIGHTEEN

8= EIGHT 19= NINETEEN

9= NINE

10 = TEN

20= TWENTY 30= THIRTY

21= TWENTY-ONE

22= TWENTY-TWO

23= TWENTY- THREE

24= TWENTY- FOUR 40= FORTY

25= TWENTY-FIVE

26= TWENTY-SIX

27 = TWENTY – SEVEN

28 = TWENTY – EIGHT 50= FIFTY

29 = TWENTY-NINE

(Edad)

Para preguntar la edad: HOW OLD ARE YOU?

(¿Qué edad tienes?)

Se responde usando el verbo TO BE:

I AM TWENTY-ONE YEARS OLD o

I’M TWENTY-ONE YEARS OLD

Con los demás pronombres: How old is she?

SHE IS THIRTY-SIX YEARS OLD.

SHE’S THIRTY-SIX YEARS OLD.

How old is he?

HE IS EIGHTEEN YEARS OLD

HE’S EIGHTEEN YEARS OLD

How old are Mariana and Camila?

THEY ARE TWELVE AND SEVEN YEARS OLD

THEY’RE TWELVE AND SEVEN YEARS OLD

DIALOGUE Ana: Good afternoon! Peter: Good afternoon, how are you? Ana: I am fine, and you? Peter: Very Good, thank you. Ana: What is your name? Peter: My name is Pedro. And what is your name? Ana: I’m Ana. How old are you? Peter: I am thirty-three years old, and you? Ana: I am twenty-five years old. Peter: Ok, see you! Ana: Good bye!