Class 7 AP1 Muscles

Muscles of the Leg

P: SPs of T7-L5, posterior sacrum, and the posterior iliac crest

D: Medial lip of bicipital groove of the humerus

1. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint

2. Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

3. Extends the arm at the shoulder joint

4. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint

P: SPs of C7-T5 D: Medial border of

the scapula from the root of the spine of the scapula to the inferior angle of the scapula

1.Retracts (Adducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

2.Elevates the scapula

O: Ribs 1-9I: Anterior surface of the

entire medial border of the scapula

1. Protracts (abducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

2. Upwardly rotates the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

1. Elevates ribs #2-5 at the sternocostal and costospinal joints

1. Depresses ribs #9-12 at the sternocostal and costospinal joints

O: PelvisI: Spine, ribcage, and head

1. Extends the trunk, neck, and the head at the spinal joints

2. Laterally flexes the trunk, neck, and head at the spinal joints

3. Ipsilaterally rotates the trunk, neck, and head at the spinal joints

4. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint

O: PelvisI: Spine and the head

1. Extends the trunk, neck, and head at the spinal joints

2. Laterally flexes the trunk, neck, and head at the spinal joints

3. Contralaterally rotates the trunk and the neck at the spinal joints

4. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumboscaral joint

P: 12th rib and the TPs of L1-L4

D: Posterior Iliac crest

1. Elevates the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint

2. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint

3. Laterally flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

4. Extends the trunk at the spinal joints

P: Medial clavicle, sternum, and the costal cartilages of ribs 1-7

D: Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

1. Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

2. Medially rotates the arm at the shoulder joint

3. Flexes the arm at the shoulder joint (clavicular head)

P: Ribs 3-5D: Coracoid process of

the scapula

1. Protracts (abducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

2. Depresses the scapula at the scapulocostal joint

3. Elevates ribs 3-5 at the sternocostal and costospinal joints

Increases the volume of the Thoracic Cavity (inspiration)

P: Pubis D: Xiphoid process

and the cartilage of ribs 5-7

1.Flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

2.Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint

P: Anterior iliac crest, pubic bone, and the abdominal aponeurosis

D: Lower 8 ribs (5-12)

1. Flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

2. Laterally flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

3. Contralateral rotates the trunk at the spinal joints

4. Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joints

O: Inquinal ligament, iliac crest, and the thoracolumbar fascia

I: Lower three ribs (10-12) and the abdominal aponeurosis

1. Flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

2. Laterally flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

3. Ipsilaterally rotates the trunk at the spinal joints

4. Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joints

Compresses the abdominal contents

P: Anterolateral lumbar spineD: Lesser trochanter of the

femur

1. Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

2. Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

3. Flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

4. Laterally flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

5. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joints

P: Internal Ilium

D: Lesser trochanter of the femur

1. Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

2. Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

3. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joints

1. Flexes the trunk at the spinal joints

2. Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint

P: Posterior iliac crest, posterolateral sacrum, and the coccyx

D: Iliotibial band (ITB) and gluteal tuberosity of the femur

1. Extends the thigh at the hip joint

2. Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

3. Abducts the thigh at the hip joint (upper 1/3)

4. Adducts the thigh at the hip joint (lower 2/3)

5. Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: External IliumD: Greater trochanter of the femur1. Abducts the thigh at the hip joint

(entire muscle)2. Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

(anterior fibers)3. Medially rotates the thigh at the

hip joint (anterior fibers)4. Extends the thigh at the hip joint

(posterior fibers)5. Laterally rotates the thigh at the

hip joint (posterior fibers)6. Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the

hip joint (posterior fibers)7. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the

hip joint (anterior fibers)

P: External IliumD: Greater trochanter of the femur

1. Abducts the thigh at the hip joint (entire muscle)

2. Flexes the thigh at the hip joint (anterior fibers)

3. Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint (anterior fibers)

4. Extends the thigh at the hip joint (posterior fibers)

5. Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint (posterior fibers)

6. Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint (posterior fibers)

7. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint (anterior fibers)

P: Anterior sacrumD: Greater

trochanter of the femur

1. Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

P: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

D: Iliotibial band (ITB)

1. Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

2. Abducts the thigh at the hip joint

3. Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint

4. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

D: Pes Anserine Tendon (at the proximal anteromedial tibia)

1. Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

2. Abducts the thigh at the hip joint

3. Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

4. Flexes the leg at the knee joint

5. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: Anterior Inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

D: Tibial Tuberosity

1.Extends the leg at the knee joint

2.Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

3.Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: Linea Aspera of the femur

D: Tibial tuberostiy

1. Extends the leg at the knee joint

P: Linea Aspera of the femur

D: Tibial tuberosity

1. Extends the leg at the knee joint

P: Anterior shaft and the linea aspera of the femur

D: Tibial tuberosity

1. Extends the leg at the knee joint

P: PubisD: Proximal posterior

shaft of the femur

1.Adducts the thigh at the hip joint

2.Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

3.Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: PubisD: Linea aspera of the

femur

1.Adducts the thigh at the hip joint

2.Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

3.Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: PubisD: Pes anserine tendon (at

the proximal anteromedial tibia)

1. Adducts the thigh at the hip joint

2. Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

3. Flexes the leg at the knee joint

4. Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: PubisD: Linea aspera of the

femur

1.Adducts the thigh at the hip joint

2.Flexes the thigh at the hip joint

3.Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: Pubis and IschiumD: Linea aspera of the

femur

1.Adducts the thigh at the hip joint

2.Extends the thigh at the hip joint

3.Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: Long head: Ischial tuberosity

Short head: Linea aspera

D: Head of the fibula

1. Flexes the leg at the knee joint (entire muscle)

2. Extends the thigh at the hip joint (long head)

3. Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint (long head)

P: Ischial tuberosityD: Pes Anserine

tendon

1.Flexes the leg at the knee joint

2.Extends the thigh at the hip joint

3.Poseteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

P: Ischial tuberosityD: Medial condyle of

the tibia

1.Flexes the leg at the knee joint

2.Extends the thigh at the hip joint

3.Posteriorly tilts the pelvis at the hip joint

Tibialis AnteriorP: Proximal anterior tibiaD: Medial foot

1. Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint

2. Inverts the foot at the tarsal joints

Extensor Digitorum LongusP: Proximal anterior fibulaD: Dorsal surfaces of toes 2-5

1. Extends toes 2-5 at the metatarsophalangeal joints and the interphalangeal joints

2. Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint

3. Everts the foot at the tarsal joint

Extensor Hallucis Longus

P: Middle anterior fibula

D: Dorsal surface of the Big Toe

1. Extends the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

2. Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle joint

Fibularis Tertius1. Dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle

joint2. Everts the foot at the tarsal

joints

Fibularis LongusP: Proximal lateral fibulaD: Medial foot

1. Everts the foot at the tarsal joints

2. Plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint

Fibularis BrevisP: Distal lateral fibulaD: Lateral foot

1. Everts the foot at the tarsal joints

2. Plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint

Gastrocnemius

P: Medial and lateral femoral condyles

D: Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

1. Plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint

2. Flexes the leg at the knee joint

Soleus

P: Posterior Tibia and Fibula

D: Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

1. Plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint

Plantaris

1. Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint

2. Flexes the leg at the knee joint

Tibialis Posterior

1. Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint

2. Inverts the foot at the tarsal joints

Flexor Digitorum Longus

1. Flexes toes 2-5 at the metatarsophalangeal joint and the interphalangeal joints

2. Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint

3. Inverts the foot at the tarsal joints

Flexor Hallicus Longus

1. Flexes the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint

2. Plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint

3. Inverts the foot at the tarsal joints

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Dorsal Surface

1. Extensor Digitorum Brevis2. Extensor Hallicus Brevis

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Plantar Surface, Layer I

1.Abductor Hallicis2.Abductor Digiti Minimi Pedis3.Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Plantar Surface, Layer II

1. Quadratus Plantae2. Lumbricals Pedis

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Plantar Surface, Layer III

1.Flexor Hallicus Brevis2.Flexor Digiti Minimi Pedis3.Adductor Hallucis

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Plantar Surface, Layer IV

1.Plantar Interossei2.Dorsal Interossei Pedis

Have client supinePlace palpating hand just lateral to the shaft

of the tibiaAsk the client to actively dorsiflex and invert

the foot and feel for the contraction of the tibialis anterior

Have the client supinePlace palpating hand on the dorsum of the

footAsk the client to the tendons actively extend

toes 2-5 and feel for tensing of the extensor digitorum longus

Follow the extensor digitorum longus proximally as far as possible. The belly of this muscle can be palpated between the tibialis anterior and the fibularis longus

Have the client supinePlace palpating hand on the dorsum of the

footAsk the client to actively extend the big toe

and feel for the tensing of the tendonFollow the extensor hallucis longus

proximally. It can be palpated superficially in the distal half of the leg between the tibialis anterior tendon and the extensor digitorum longus tendon

Have the client supinePlace palpating hand on the proximal lateral leg just

distal to the head of the fibulaAsk the client to actively evert the foot and feel for

contraction of the belly of the fibularis longus from the head of the fibula to the point where it becomes tendon halfway down the leg

Continue palpating the tendon distally. The distal tendon is superficial to the fibularis brevis muscle belly

Just proximal and posterior to the lateral malleolus, the tendon of the fibularis longus will be more superficial and posterior than the tendon of the fibularis brevis

Have the client supinePlace palpating hand on the distal lateral legAsk client to actively evert the foot and feel for

contraction of the fibularis brevis on either side of the tendon of the fibularis longus

Move distally to the lateral malleolus. The tendon of the fibularis brevis will be deeper and more anterior than the tendon of the fibularis longus

Distal to the lateral malleolus, the distal tendon of the fibularis brevis is easily palpable and usually visible all the way to its attachment onto the base of the 5th metatarsal

Have the client prone with the leg extended at the knee joint

Place palpating hand on the proximal posterior leg

Ask the client to actively plantarflex the foot at the ankle joint against resistance and feel for contraction of the muscle. It can be palpated all the way to its distal attachment

Have the client prone with the leg flexed at the knee joint

Place palpating hand on the proximal posterior leg

Ask the client to actively plantarflex the foot at the ankle joint against mild resistance and feel for contraction of the soleus

The soleus is superficial on either side of the belly of the gastrocnemius, and you can palpate it deep to the gastrocnemius in the posterior leg