Class AvesClass Aves

the Birdsthe Birds

General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics All members are homeotherms All members are homeotherms

They can maintain a constant body They can maintain a constant body temperaturetemperature

aka: warm blooded, endothermaka: warm blooded, endotherm Body covered by waterproof feathersBody covered by waterproof feathers

Feathers are coated in oil to repel waterFeathers are coated in oil to repel water Helps maintain body temperatureHelps maintain body temperature

Sea birds are defined as birds that spend a Sea birds are defined as birds that spend a significant part of their lives at sea and significant part of their lives at sea and feed on marine organismsfeed on marine organisms Have webbed feetHave webbed feet Only 3% of all birds are sea birdsOnly 3% of all birds are sea birds

Have a four chambered heartHave a four chambered heart All internal anatomy is the same as yoursAll internal anatomy is the same as yours

PenguinsPenguins Most adapted to life at Most adapted to life at

seasea Wings are modified Wings are modified

into flippers and no into flippers and no longer allow for flightlonger allow for flight

Bones are denser to Bones are denser to decrease buoyancydecrease buoyancy

Vision is adapted to Vision is adapted to seeing underwaterseeing underwater

Most live in Antarctica, Most live in Antarctica, South Pole, southern South Pole, southern tip of South Americatip of South America

Feed on large krill and Feed on large krill and small fishsmall fish

PelicansPelicans

Characterized by Characterized by webbing between webbing between all their toesall their toes

Have a large pouch Have a large pouch under their mouthsunder their mouths Used to scoop large Used to scoop large

amounts of water amounts of water and fish into the and fish into the mouthmouth

Gulls and ShorebirdsGulls and Shorebirds Make-up the majority Make-up the majority

of seabirdsof seabirds Act as scavengers and Act as scavengers and

predatorspredators Only shorebirds do Only shorebirds do

not have webbed feet. not have webbed feet. They feed by wading They feed by wading in the water; eat in the water; eat worms, mollusks, worms, mollusks, crustaceanscrustaceans

Can live in inland Can live in inland waters as well as the waters as well as the oceanocean

Class MammaliaClass Mammalia

the Mammalsthe Mammals

General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics Evolved about 200 million years agoEvolved about 200 million years ago All members are warm bloodedAll members are warm blooded Body is covered in hairBody is covered in hair

Whales have hair – just not a lotWhales have hair – just not a lot All mammals are viviparousAll mammals are viviparous

This means that they give birth to live youngThis means that they give birth to live young No “eggs” are involvedNo “eggs” are involved aka placental because the young is nourished aka placental because the young is nourished

internally by a placentainternally by a placenta All mammals nurse their young with All mammals nurse their young with

mammary glandsmammary glands Young are generally well cared for – raised Young are generally well cared for – raised

by the parents for years after birthby the parents for years after birth Brain is large and complexBrain is large and complex

Seals, Sea lions and Seals, Sea lions and WalrusesWalruses

These are marine mammals that have These are marine mammals that have flippers for swimming but also need to be flippers for swimming but also need to be near land to rest and sleepnear land to rest and sleep

In the order In the order pinnipedspinnipeds Thought to have evolved from cats, dogs and Thought to have evolved from cats, dogs and

bearsbears Are all active carnivoresAre all active carnivores Bodies are streamlined for swimmingBodies are streamlined for swimming Most live in cold water and have blubber – Most live in cold water and have blubber –

fat to keep them warmfat to keep them warm

SealsSeals The largest group of The largest group of

pinnipedspinnipeds Characterized by rear Characterized by rear

flippers that cannot be flippers that cannot be moved forwardmoved forward Move on land by Move on land by

pulling themselves pulling themselves forward with their forward with their front flippersfront flippers

Males can weight up to 4 Males can weight up to 4 tonstons Equivalent to 5 Chevy Equivalent to 5 Chevy

Silverado'sSilverado's have been hunted for meat have been hunted for meat

and oil from the blubberand oil from the blubber

Sea LionsSea Lions

Characterized by Characterized by having ear flapshaving ear flaps

Can walk on land Can walk on land with all four with all four flippersflippers

WalrusWalrus

Characterized by Characterized by tuskstusks

Feeds mostly on Feeds mostly on invertebratesinvertebrates

Sea OtterSea Otter The sea otter is the The sea otter is the

smallest marine smallest marine mammalmammal

lack blubberlack blubber Keep warm by air Keep warm by air

trapped in thick furtrapped in thick fur Spend most if not all Spend most if not all

of their life in the of their life in the waterwater

Live in and around Live in and around kelp forestskelp forests

Order: CarnivoraOrder: Carnivora

Whales and DolphinsWhales and Dolphins These animals have made the most These animals have made the most

complete transition to the seacomplete transition to the sea Order: CetaceaOrder: Cetacea Thought to have evolved from cowsThought to have evolved from cows Front limbs evolved into flippers – rear Front limbs evolved into flippers – rear

limbs merged into a tail flipper (fluke)limbs merged into a tail flipper (fluke) Nostrils have evolved into a single Nostrils have evolved into a single

blowhole on the top of the headblowhole on the top of the head Whales feed using baleen to filter waterWhales feed using baleen to filter water

Same material as our hairSame material as our hair Baleen whales are the largest animals in the Baleen whales are the largest animals in the

worldworld

Whales and Dolphins Whales and Dolphins cont.cont.

The rest of the group are considered The rest of the group are considered toothedtoothed This means that they have teeth and most act This means that they have teeth and most act

as predatorsas predators Includes dolphins and killer whalesIncludes dolphins and killer whales

All whales and dolphins are protected All whales and dolphins are protected against capture and hunting by against capture and hunting by industrialized nationsindustrialized nations Non-industrialized nations and native Non-industrialized nations and native

Americans are allowed to take a certain Americans are allowed to take a certain number of whales a year for foodnumber of whales a year for food

DolphinsDolphins technically considered technically considered

toothed whalestoothed whales All members have All members have

blunted noses and are blunted noses and are smaller than what we smaller than what we usually think of as usually think of as whaleswhales

Highly playful and Highly playful and often seen in large often seen in large groups called podsgroups called pods

Use echolocation, a Use echolocation, a type of sonar based on type of sonar based on hearinghearing

Interesting BiologyInteresting Biology Can reach speeds of 40 mph in the oceanCan reach speeds of 40 mph in the ocean Can stay submerged up to 1 hourCan stay submerged up to 1 hour

Achieve this by restricting flow to organs that Achieve this by restricting flow to organs that are not necessary to stay aliveare not necessary to stay alive

Heart rate decreases Heart rate decreases Can dive to a depth of 1,900 feetCan dive to a depth of 1,900 feet Often rely on echolocation to pinpoint prey Often rely on echolocation to pinpoint prey

and other members of the same speciesand other members of the same species Produce sound waves that bounce off an objectProduce sound waves that bounce off an object

Interesting Biology cont.Interesting Biology cont.

Dolphins are only one of three mammals Dolphins are only one of three mammals that we wage war on its own speciesthat we wage war on its own species Humans and monkeys are the othersHumans and monkeys are the others Thought of as a sign of intelligenceThought of as a sign of intelligence

Live in huge groups with complex social Live in huge groups with complex social hierarchieshierarchies

Migrate huge distances to find food and Migrate huge distances to find food and breeding groundsbreeding grounds Gray whales migrate off our coast every fall Gray whales migrate off our coast every fall

and spring between Mexico and Alaskaand spring between Mexico and Alaska