Class info

Website address:

xlcrindustrialtechniques.weebly.com

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What is today’s topic?Instructions: Use this phone pad diagram as the key to unlocking the topic for today. Example 4 is either G , H , I

“42739663 263 76389663”

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Hardwood and Softwood trees

Grade 8

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softwood

• Softwood is a generic term used in woodworking and the lumber industries for wood from conifers. Conifers are needle-bearing trees from the order Pinales.

• Softwood trees are often harder than hardwood trees. Douglas fir, a softwood, is harder and stronger than many hardwoods. Balsa, a hardwood, is much softer than most softwoods

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Hardwood trees

• Hardwood trees are angiosperms, plants that produce seeds with some sort of covering. This might be a fruit, such as an apple, or a hard shell, such as an acorn. Hardwood comes from a deciduous tree which loses its leaves annually. Hardwoods tend to be slower growing, and are therefore usually more dense, but not always.

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Difference between hardwood and softwood

Uses:

Hardwood Used for trimmings and furniture but less frequently than softwood.

Softwood Widely used as woodware for building (homes/cabins) and furniture.

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Difference between hardwood and softwood

Cost:

Hardwood is typically more expensive than softwood.

Softwood is typically less expensive compared to hardwood.

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Difference between hardwood and softwood

Growth:

Hardwood has a slower growth rate.

Softwood has a faster rate of growth.

Anular ring:

Hardwood is Not Distinct

Softwood is Distinct

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Difference between hardwood and softwood

Density:

Hardwood has a higher density and is therefore usually harder.

Softwood has a lower density, therefore most softwood varieties are softer than hardwood.

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Difference between hardwood and softwood

Shedding of leaves:

Hardwoods shed their leaves over a period of time.

Softwoods tend to keep their leaves throughout the year.

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Difference between hardwood and softwood

Colour:

Hardwood is Dark in colour

Softwood is Light in colour

Weight:

Hardwood is Heavy

Softwood is Light

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Difference between hardwood and softwood

Fire Resistance:

Hardwood is More fire resistant

Softwood is a Poor fire resistant

Conversion:

Hardwood is Difficult to convert

Softwood is Easy to convert

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Examples of Softwood

• Spruce Colour• White

uses• Wood pulp ,General

purpose joinery

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Examples of Softwood

Spruce lumber

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Examples of Softwood

• Scot pine Colour• Red or Yellow

Uses• Light poles, Exterior

work, Railway sleepers

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Examples of Softwood

• Scot pine lumber

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Examples of Softwood

• Red Cedar colour• Reddish Brown

Uses• Building wooden

houses , Roofing shingles

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Examples of Softwood

• Red Cedar lumber

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Examples of Softwood

• Larch Colour• Reddish-brown

Uses• Farm gates• fences

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Examples of Softwood

• Larch lumber

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Examples of Softtwood

• Douglas Fir Colour• light tan to reddish

Use• timbers, plywood. • railroad ties, mine

timbers, house logs, post and poles, fencing, and firewood..

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Examples of Softwood

• Douglas fir lumber

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Examples of Softwood

• Parana pine Colour• Light brown with

pinkish streak

Uses

General purpose joinery and building

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Examples of Softwood

• Parana Pine lumber

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Examples of Hardwood

• Oak Colour• red oak or white oak,

Uses • tables, chairs,

cabinets, bookcases • storage units • wood flooring other

construction projects.• Wine barrels 

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Examples of Hardwood

• Oak Lumber

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Examples of Hardwood

• Beech Colour• light brown

Uses • an excellent firewood • furniture framing • carcass construction,

flooring • in plywood • household items

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Examples of Hardwood

• Beech lumber

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Examples of Hardwood

• Ash Colour• white

Use• Handles, furniture,

cabinets, interior joinery, sports equipment, 

baseball bats, auto bodies, and some musical instruments

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Examples of Hardwood

• Ash lumber

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Examples of Hardwood

• Sycamore Colour• white to light tan,

heartwood is a darker reddish brown

Use• cutting boards and

dramatic furniture.• drawer side • Doors

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Examples of Hardwood

• Sycamore Lumber

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Examples of Hardwood

• Elm Colour• dark brown or a

strong red tone.

Uses• chest • a few chairs • outdoor furniture 

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Examples of Hardwood

• Elm lumber

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summary

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1. What is the difference between hardwood and softwood?

2. Name five ways we botanical group hardwood and softwood trees

3. What type of softwood is used to make the following: Farm gate Wooden houses General joinery4. What type of hardwood is used to make the following: Garden furniture Wood tools Base ball bats