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Please list the first five words or phrases that come to your mind when you hear the word : CHEMISTRY

Please list the first five words or phrases that come to your mind when you hear the word : CHEMISTRY

Chapter 1“Introduction to

Chemistry”

Chapter 1“Introduction to

Chemistry”

Section 1.1ChemistrySection 1.1Chemistry

OBJECTIVE: Students will be able to describe the

purpose of studying chemistry.

OBJECTIVE: Students will be able to describe the

purpose of studying chemistry.

What is Chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of “matter” – Matter is anything with mass and

occupies space What qualifies as matter?

What does not qualify as matter?

5 Major Areas of ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry- concerned with the

composition of substances.Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals with

substances without carbonOrganic Chemistry- essentially all

substances containing carbonBiochemistry- Chemistry of living thingsPhysical Chemistry- describes the behavior

of chemicals (ex. stretching); involves lots of math!

Boundaries not firm – they overlap and interact

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What is Chemistry? Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge for

the sake of knowledge Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry

to attain certain goals, in fields like medicine, agriculture, and

manufacturing – leads to an application

Why Study Chemistry?

Everyone and everything around us involves chemistry – explains our world

Helps you make choices; helps make you a better informed citizen

A possible career for your future

Section 1.3Scientific Method

Section 1.3Scientific Method

OBJECTIVE:Students will be able to derive

the steps of the scientific method from their knowledge of science.

OBJECTIVE:Students will be able to derive

the steps of the scientific method from their knowledge of science.

The Scientific Method

A logical approach to solving problems or answering questions.

Starts with observation- noting and recording information and facts

hypothesis- a proposed explanation for the observation; must be tested by an experiment

Steps in the Scientific Method1. Observations (uses your senses)

a) quantitative involves numbers = 95oFb) qualitative is word description = hot

2. Formulating hypotheses (ideas)- possible explanation for the observation, or “educated” guess

3. Performing experiments (the test)- gathers new information to help decide

whether the hypothesis is valid

Scientific Method “controlled” experiment- designed to

test the hypothesis only two possible answers:

1) hypothesis is right

2) hypothesis is wrong We gather data and observations

by doing the experiment Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle

Scientific Method

We deal with variables, or factors that can change. Two types:1) Manipulated variable (or independent

variable) is the one that we change

2) Responding variable (or dependent variable) is the one observed during the experiment

For results to be accepted, the experiment needs to always produce the same result

Outcomes over the long term…

Outcomes over the long term…

Theory (Model)

- A set of well-tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon – not able to be proved

Natural Law (or Scientific Law)

- The same observation applies to many different systems; summarizes results

- an example would be:

the Law of Conservation of Mass

Theory (Model)

- A set of well-tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon – not able to be proved

Natural Law (or Scientific Law)

- The same observation applies to many different systems; summarizes results

- an example would be:

the Law of Conservation of Mass

Law vs. Theory

A law summarizes what has happened.A theory (model) is an attempt to explain why it happened – this changes as new information is gathered.

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Using your senses to obtain information

Hypothesis is a proposed explanation; should be based on previous knowledge; an “educated” guess

The procedure that is used to test the hypothesis

A well-tested explanation for the observations; cannot be proven due to new discoveries

Tells what happened

Section 1.4Problem Solving in Chemistry

Section 1.4Problem Solving in Chemistry

OBJECTIVES:Students will be able to

determine the appropriate problem solving technique for every type of problem.

OBJECTIVES:Students will be able to

determine the appropriate problem solving technique for every type of problem.

Problem Solving in ChemistryYou don’t need to write any of this. These are just points for

discussion.

Problem Solving in ChemistryYou don’t need to write any of this. These are just points for

discussion. In Chemistry we are faced with

problems we need to solve like in life How should we approach problems? There is a problem solving method

that needs to be learned.

In Chemistry we are faced with problems we need to solve like in life

How should we approach problems? There is a problem solving method

that needs to be learned.

Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems Measurements are an important part

of chemistry; thus many of our word problems involve use of mathematics Word problems are real life problems,

and sometimes more information is presented than needed for a solution

Measurements are an important part of chemistry; thus many of our word problems involve use of mathematics Word problems are real life problems,

and sometimes more information is presented than needed for a solution

Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems The three steps we will use for

solving a numeric word problem are:

1) Analyze

2) Calculate

3) Evaluate

The three steps we will use for solving a numeric word problem are:

1) Analyze

2) Calculate

3) Evaluate

Let’s learn how

to ACE these numeric word problems!

Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems1. Analyze: this is the starting point

Determine what are the known factors, and write them down on your paper!

Determine what is the unknown. If it is a number, determine the units needed

Plan how to relate these factors- choose an equation; use table or graph

This is the heart of successful problem solving techniques – it is the PLAN

1. Analyze: this is the starting point Determine what are the known factors, and

write them down on your paper! Determine what is the unknown. If it is a

number, determine the units needed Plan how to relate these factors- choose an

equation; use table or graph This is the heart of successful problem

solving techniques – it is the PLAN

Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems2. Calculate: perform the mathematics

If your plan is correct, this is the easiest step.

Use a calculator and do it correctly! May involve rearranging an equation or

doing some conversion of units to some other units.

2. Calculate: perform the mathematics If your plan is correct, this is the

easiest step. Use a calculator and do it correctly! May involve rearranging an equation or

doing some conversion of units to some other units.

Solving Numeric ProblemsSolving Numeric Problems3. Evaluate: – the finishing step

Is it reasonable? Make sense? Check your calculations.

Do you need to round off the answer? Do you need scientific notation? Do you have the correct units? Did you answer the question?

3. Evaluate: – the finishing step Is it reasonable? Make sense? Check your

calculations. Do you need to round off the answer? Do you need scientific notation? Do you have the correct units? Did you answer the question?

Solving Conceptual ProblemsSolving Conceptual Problems Not all word problems in chemistry

involve doing calculations Nonnumeric problems are called

conceptual problems – ask you to apply concepts to a new situation

Steps are:1) Analyze and 2) Solve

Do Conceptual Problem 2.1 on page 46

Not all word problems in chemistry involve doing calculations

Nonnumeric problems are called conceptual problems – ask you to apply concepts to a new situation

Steps are:1) Analyze and 2) Solve

Do Conceptual Problem 2.1 on page 46