SANT NIRANKARI SCHOOL, NIRANKARI COLONY CLASS XII WEEK 3 WORKSHEET 1 ENGLISH Read the following passage carefully. “It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is impossible for a bird to fly on only one wing.” - Swami Vivekanand 1. Women are not born, but made. What is better than India to exemplify this statement by Simone de Beauvoir. With the whole world celebrating International Women’s Day with great pomp and show, it would be only apt to analyze the position and space Indian women occupy today, and comparing it to the times 60 years ago when the country had just gained independence. With the women participating in nationalist movements to being pushed into the domestic household space, to their resurgence as the super –women today, women in our country have seen it all. 2. There have been innumerable debates about gender in India over the years. Much of it includes women’s position in society, their education, health, economic position, gender equality, etc. What one can conclude from such discussions is that women have always held a certain paradoxical position in our developing country. On the one hand, the country has seen an increased percentage of literacy among women, and women are allowed to enter into professional fields, while on the other hand the practices of female infanticide, poor health conditions and lack of education still persist. Even the patriarchal ideology of the home being women’s real domain and marriage being her ultimate destiny hasn’t changed much. The matrimonial advertisements, demanding girls of the same caste, with fair skin and slim figure, or the much criticized fair and lovely ads, are indicators of the slow changing social mores. If one looks at the status of women then and now, one has to look at two sides of the coin; one side which is promising, and one side which is bleak. 3. When our country got its independence, the participation of women nationalists was widely acknowledged. When the Indian Constitution was formulated, it granted equal rights to women, considering them legal citizens of the country and as an equal to men in terms of freedom and opportunity. The sex ratio of women at that time was slightly better than what it is today, standing at 945 females per 1000 males. Yet the conditions of women screamed a different reality. 4. They were relegated to their households, and made to submit to the male –dominated society, as has always been prevalent in our country. Indian women, who fought as an equal to men in the nationalist struggle, were not given that free public space anymore. They became homemakers, and were mainly meant to build a strong home to support their men who were to build the new independent country. Women were reduced to being secondary citizens. The national female literacy rate was an alarmingly low 8.9 percent. The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for girls was 24.8 per cent at primary level and 4.6 per cent at the upper primary level (in the 11-14 years age group). There existed insoluble social and cultural barriers to education of women and access to organized schooling. 1.1 On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer any five of the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (i) The writer says that the women have seen it all because: a) They participated in nationalist movements. b) They were pushed into household space.
Transcript
SANT NIRANKARI SCHOOL, NIRANKARI COLONY
CLASS XII WEEK 3 WORKSHEET 1
ENGLISH
Read the following passage carefully.
“It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is
impossible for a bird to fly on only one wing.” - Swami Vivekanand
1. Women are not born, but made. What is better than India to exemplify this statement by Simone de
Beauvoir. With the whole world celebrating International Women’s Day with great pomp and show, it
would be only apt to analyze the position and space Indian women occupy today, and comparing it to the
times 60 years ago when the country had just gained independence. With the women participating in
nationalist movements to being pushed into the domestic household space, to their resurgence as the
super –women today, women in our country have seen it all.
2. There have been innumerable debates about gender in India over the years. Much of it includes women’s
position in society, their education, health, economic position, gender equality, etc. What one can
conclude from such discussions is that women have always held a certain paradoxical position in our
developing country. On the one hand, the country has seen an increased percentage of literacy among
women, and women are allowed to enter into professional fields, while on the other hand the practices
of female infanticide, poor health conditions and lack of education still persist. Even the patriarchal
ideology of the home being women’s real domain and marriage being her ultimate destiny hasn’t
changed much. The matrimonial advertisements, demanding girls of the same caste, with fair skin and
slim figure, or the much criticized fair and lovely ads, are indicators of the slow changing social mores. If
one looks at the status of women then and now, one has to look at two sides of the coin; one side which
is promising, and one side which is bleak.
3. When our country got its independence, the participation of women nationalists was widely
acknowledged. When the Indian Constitution was formulated, it granted equal rights to women,
considering them legal citizens of the country and as an equal to men in terms of freedom and
opportunity. The sex ratio of women at that time was slightly better than what it is today, standing at 945
females per 1000 males. Yet the conditions of women screamed a different reality.
4. They were relegated to their households, and made to submit to the male –dominated society, as has
always been prevalent in our country. Indian women, who fought as an equal to men in the nationalist
struggle, were not given that free public space anymore. They became homemakers, and were mainly
meant to build a strong home to support their men who were to build the new independent country.
Women were reduced to being secondary citizens. The national female literacy rate was an alarmingly
low 8.9 percent. The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for girls was 24.8 per cent at primary level and 4.6 per
cent at the upper primary level (in the 11-14 years age group). There existed insoluble social and cultural
barriers to education of women and access to organized schooling.
1.1 On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer any five of the following questions by choosing
the most appropriate option.
(i) The writer says that the women have seen it all because:
a) They participated in nationalist movements.
b) They were pushed into household space.
c) They have become superwomen today.
d) All of the above.
(ii) Pick one statement which brings out the paradoxical nature of women’s position in society today:
a) They are entering professional fields and becoming literate.
b) They lack education and female infanticide is still rampant.
c) They are still victims of patriarchal mindset.
d) While they are allowed to enter professional fields they are still victims of patriarchal mindset.
(iii) The Indian Constitution did not ensure:
a) That woman gets equal rights.
b) That they were considered equal to men.
c) That the sex ratio would be 945 females to 1000 males.
d) That they were legal citizens of India.
(iv) Despite the provisions of the Constitutions:
a) Women were relegated to the household.
b) Women were not allowed free space.
c) Women were dictated by patriarchy.
d) All of the above.
(v) The reason behind innumerable debates about women is
a) Their health, education, economic condition in society
b) About their paradoxical position
c) About allowing them to enter into professional fields.
d) All of the above.
(vi) After Independence , Indian women were :
a) Given free public place in society
b) Made secondary citizens
c) Meant to build a strong society
d) Expected to shoulder men
1.2 Find words from the passage which mean the same as :
(i) Recognized (para 3) (ii) ironic, absurd (para 2)
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII
ECONOMICS
CHAPTER 8 SHORT RUN EQUILIBRIUM OUTPUT
WORKSHEET –1 WEEK 3
(Marks 1)
Q.1. Since AS = C + S and AD = C + I the equilibrium will be established where C + S = C + I. or where :
(a) S = I (b) S> I (c) S<I (d) all of these
Q.2. Keynes discussed equilibrium level of output, using the concept of :
(a) autonomous investment (b) induced investment
(c ) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
Q.3. The slope of S- line is indicated by :
(a) MPC (b) MPS (c) 1 – MPC (d) both (b) and (c)
Q.4. Investment which is independent of the level of income is called ………………….
autonomous investment / induced investment
Q.5. When C =100 + 0.5 Y and Y = 1200, autonomous consumption will be :
(a) 100 (b) 1000 (c) 500 (d) 600
Q.6. If MPS =1/4, the value of multiplier will be :
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 6
(3-4 marks)
Q.7. In an economy, 75 per cent of the increase in income is spent on consumption. Investment is increase by
Rs.1,000 crore. Calculate :
(i) Total increase in income (ii) total increase in consumption expenditure
Q.8. in an economy, the autonomous consumption is Rs. 200 and marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. if the
equilibrium level of income is Rs. 1000. Then the autonomous investment is Rs. 300. Is it correct? Justify
Your answer.
Q.9. Given, the consumption function, C= 150 +0.6Y, where C = consumption expenditure, Y =income and investment
expenditure = 2000. Calculate :
(i) Equilibrium level of national income.
(ii) Consumption at equilibrium level of national income.
(iii) saving at equilibrium level of national income.
Q.10. An economy is in equilibrium. Form the following data about an economy, calculate autonomous consumption:
a) income = 5000
b) MPS = 0.2
c) Investment expenditure = 800
Q.11 Do you think increase in MPS should be beneficial to the growth of GDP in India?
Q.12. Using numerical example show APS can be negative.
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII
Entrepreneurship
Assignment 1 WEEK 3
1) What is Marketing Strategy?
2) What are the components of marketing mix?
3) Which is the shortest channel of distribution?
4) Define Branding.
5) Why is Logo important for a company?
6) Give the meaning of a tagline with the help of an example.
7) Explain the term packaging.
8) What is labelling?
9) What is meant by product mix?
10) What kind of distribution would you adopt for consumer durable and perishable goods?
11) What do you understand by ‘Corporate Brand’ Name? Give an example.
12) Identify the channel of distribution:
I. When the quantity of the product sold is very small
II. When the product has a seasonal value
13) Intellectual Property rights include which type of rights?
14) “Bikaner Wallah” is selling fast food to the customers. Write the name of the channel of distribution used by the
company.
15) For which type of products can the manufacturers initially fix a very high price? Name the pricing method which is
used for such type of products.
16) A dealer wants to send some gift items of glassware to Kolkata from Chennai. Which type of packaging is needed
Topic: Python Pandas-I 1. Explain the use of Python Pandas? 2. Explain the features of pandas? 3. What is data series? 4. Write the syntax to create a series using list? 5. Write the syntax to create a series using dictionary?
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII
PAINTING
ASSIGNMENT 1 [JULY] [WEEK-3]
Answer these questions-
Q1 - Write an essay on the Origin and Development of Mughal School of painting.
Q 2- Mention the names of any five painters of Mughal school of miniature painting.
Q3- Do you receive any spiritual message from the famous Mughal miniature painting Kabir and
Raidas or famous Deccan miniature painting. Explain in short.
Q4 - Mention the artistic aspects of Hazarat Nizamuddin Aaliya and Amirkusro.
Q5- Under whose Mughal emperor’s period (patronage) were the following miniature paintings
produced?
(a) 1) Babur Crossing the River Sone
2) Jahangir Holding the Picture of Madona
3) Kabir and Raidas
(b) Mention the name of the Sub-School of each of the following Deccan miniature paintings:
1) Chand Bibi Playing Polo
2) Dancers
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII
Chapter 6 test and measurement in sports
WEEK-3 [Assignment 1]
Q.1. Non-slippery mat is essential for which sport? (1)
Q.2. Pull up (for boys) and Arm hang (for girls ) test items in AAPHER test measure primarily– (1)
Q.3. Skinfold calippar is used for (1)
Q4–Hight of stool in Harved step test– (1)
Q5 Formula of B.M.I– (1)
Q.6 Harvard Step test is to assess the______ (1)
Q.7. Explain modified push-ups (for Girls). (3)
Q.8. What is the use of Partical curl up test? (3)
Q.9 Why sit and reach test is important? (3)
Q.10. What is the utility of 10 meter agility shuttle 4×10 ut. (5)
Q.11. Explain indetail standing long jump test. (5)
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII HISTORY
ASSIGNMENT-1 WEEK 3
CHAPTER-6
BHAKTI- SUFI TRADITION ( REVISION)
ANSWER THE SHORT QUESTIONS:
1. WHO ARE ULAMA ?
2. WHAT ARE THE DEVOTEES OF VISHNU CALLED ?
3. WHAT IS THE LITERAL MEANING OF THE TERM ‘ SILSILA’ ?
4. WHO COMPOSED THE PREM –AKHYAN PADMAVAT ?
5. WHO LED A NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN KARNATAKA ? WHAT WERE HIS
FOLLOWERS KNOWN AS ?
6. GIVE THE MEANING OF ZIMMA .
7. EXPLAIN THE TERM ZIYARAT.
8. MENTION THE TWO EARLIEST BHAKTI MOVEMENTS OF TAMILNADU.
9. NAME THE TWO WOMEN POET SAINTS OF TAMILNADU. WHOM DID THEY
WORSHIP ?
10. MENTION ANY TWO IDEAS OF BRAHAMANICAL SYSTEM CHALLENGED BY THE
LINGAYATS .
11. IN WHICH TWO BROAD CATEGORIES HAD THE EARLIEST BHAKTI TRADITIONS
BEEN CLASSIFIED.
12. WHERE IS KHWAJA MUINUDDIN CHISTI DARGAH IS LOCATED ?
13. NAME ANY TWO NIRGUNA BHAKTI SAINT.
14. NAME ANY TWO SAGUNA BHAKTI SAINTS.
15. NON- MUSLIM HAD TO PAY A RELIGIOUS TAX CALLED .
16. NAME ANY ONE SUFI SAINT OF CHISHTI SILSILA.
17. WHO IS THE FOUNDER OF LINGAYAT MOVEMENT ?
18. NAME ANY ONE TEMPLE BUILT BY CHOLA RULERS IN SUPPORT OF BHAKTI
MOVEMENT.
19. NAME THE MAJOR ANTHOLOGY COMPILED BY THE ALVARS WHICH IS ALSO
DESCRIBED AS TAMIL VEDA.
20. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THE TERM ‘ FIVE BASIC PILLARS OF ISLAM’ ?
21. WRITE ANY ONE SIMILARITY BETWEEN THE BHAKTI AND SUFI MOVEMENT.
22.WHAT IS MEANT BY LANGAR SYSTEM ?
23.NAME ONE COMPOSITION OF KABIR WHICH CONVEY A SENSE OF KABIR’S
MYSTICAL EXPERIENCES.
SANT NIRANKARI PUBLIC SCHOOL
POLITICAL SCIENCE
CLASS XII
WEEK-3 (ASSIGNMENT:-1)
Chapter:- (Politics of Planned Development)
Q1. Which of the following path was not preferred by anyone ?
(a) Industrialisation (b) Development of agriculture
(c) Alleviation of rural poverty (d) Education for all.
Q2. Which of the following is an advantage of making five year plans ?
(a) Can be prepared easily.
(b) Can be modified easily.
(c) No priority is needed.
(d) Government can make long-term intervention in the economy.
Q3. Which of the following is an advantage of making yearly plan ?
(a) Prioritires are fixed.
(b) It permits the government to focus on the larger picture.
(c) The budget amount can be spent on routine items on a yearly basis.
(d) Government can make long-term intervention in the economy.
Q4. When the government decided to take a plan holiday to economic crisis ?
(a) 1966 (b) 1957
(c) 1961 (d) 1956
Q5. What was the main focal point of Second Five Year Plan ?
(a) Industries (b) Agriculture
(c) Heavy industries (d) Small scale industries
Q6. People facing displacement by the (i) . in Jagatsinghpur district staged a demonstration
outside the (ii) company’s office.
Q7. On the eve of Independence, India had before it, two models of modern development (i) as in
much of Europe and the U.S. and (ii) . as in the U.S.S.R.
Q8. There was consensus that development could not be left to (i) that there was the need for
the (ii) to develop a plan for development.
Q9. The Planning Commission was setup in (i) y a simple resolution of the (ii)
Q10. A section of the big industrialists got together in (i) and drafted a joint proposal for
setting up a planned economy in the country. It was called (ii)
Q11. The state (Kerala) has taken initiative to involve people in making plans at the Panchayat. block and
district level.
Q12. Despite low per capita incomes and a relatively weak industrial base, Kerala achieved nearly total
literacy, long life expectancy, low infant and female mortality.
Q13. The Fourth Plan was due to start in 1966 but India was facing economic prosperity, so the
government decided to take a 'plan holiday'.
Q14. The poor peasants and middle class landholders were the major beneficiaries of the help provided
by the government in the shape of high yielding variety seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and better irrigation
at highly subsidised prices.
Q15. Gandhian economists like JC Kumarappa proposed an alternative blue print that put greater
emphasis on urban industrialisation.
Q16. What did composition of Planning Commission of India?
Q17. Mention the various interests associated with Orissa Reserved Iron Resource.
Q18. What are Key conflicts associated with Orissa reserved Iron Resources?
Q19. What is the meaning and importance of economic planning in Indian context?
Q20. What is meant by decentralized planning?
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII ENGLISH
ASSIGNMENT – 2 (WRITING SKILLS) WEEK 3
1. Read the following news headlines :
Delhi reports record spike of 1,22,793 cases
ICMR nod to rapid antibody test at hospitals
You are horrified at the raging covid-19. As Jayant/Jyoti Sharma, write a letter to the Editor of the Hindustan
Times, expressing your concern over the pandemic and suggest measures to combat it.
2. Read the following news headlines:
Lockdown : People on the move on highways
Hundreds killed in road accidents during lockdown
You are Vidit/Vidita Nair. We always knew that ours was a world of haves and have-nots . But, did we realize how
closely our lives were intertwined? Write a letter to the Editor of a national daily expressing your views on why
there was no anticipatory planning or any steps taken and communicated before the lockdown was announced to
reassure the common man that the state would feed them, house them and provide support and medical services.
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII ECONOMICS
CHAPTER 8 SHORT RUN EQUILIBRIUM OUTPUT
WORKSHEET –2 WEEK 3
(marks 1)
Q.1. If MPC= 0 , the multiplier will be :
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) infinity
Q.2. If MPC = MPS, the value of multiplier will be :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 2
Q.3. If investment increases from 400 to 550 and income increases from 900 to 1,650, the MPS should be
Equal to :
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.3 (d) 0.4
Q.4. What are the actual stocks with the producer?
Q.5. On account of an injection of aggregate demand, equilibrium level of income :
(a) increases (b) decreases (d) remains constant (d) none to the above
Q.6. if entire additional income is converted into additional consumption, the value of multiplier will be:
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) infinity
(3-4 mark)
Q.7. What is the difference between ex-ante investment and ex- post investment? (NCERT QUES.)
Q.8. Measure level of ex-ante AD when autonomous investment and consumption expenditure is Rs. 50 crores, and
MPS is 0.2 and level of income is Rs. 4,000 crores. Also state whether the economy is in equilibrium or not.
Q.9. In an economy, the C = 250 + 0.5 Y and the investment expenditure is Rs. 500. Is the economy in equilibrium at an
income level of Rs. 2000? Justify your answer.
Q.10. Given, the C = 150 + 0.6 Y, where C = consumption expenditure , Y = income and investment expenditure = RS
2,000. Calculate :
(i) Equilibrium level of national income.
(ii) Consumption level of national income.
(iii) Saving at equilibrium level of national income.
(6 marks)
Q.11. Explain equilibrium level of national income using AD and AS approach. Use diagram and table.
Q.12. Using S and I approach, explain equilibrium level of output. Also state what happens when S>I and S<I.S
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII
Entrepreneurship
Assignment 2 WEEK 3
1) What does the marketing strategy of the company includes?
2) Differentiate between Trademark and Brand mark
3) What are the purposes of a logo?
4) What is branding? How is it useful?
5) Identify the intermediaries involved in the indirect selling mode.
6) “Pricing is a crucial activity of an entrepreneur”. Explain.
7) Explain ‘distribution mix’ as an element of marketing mix.
8) Arvind has started his Italian food based restaurant. Does he have to register his trademark? Give reasons for the
same.
9) ‘Government Regulation affects choice of channel of distribution’. How?
2. Write the syntax to create index in a DataFrame?
3. Which file is required to import to use pandas function in a program?
4. Write the syntax to add a column in a DataFrame?
5. Write the syntax to delete a column from a DataFrame?
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII
PAINTING
ASSIGNMENT 2 [JULY] [WEEK-3]
CLASS-XII
Make it on A3 size sheet
Sant Nirankari Public School Nirankari Colony
Class XII PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Chapter 6 test and measurement in sports
WEEK-3 [Assignment 2]
Q1 Sit and Reach test measures– __________. (1)
Q 2 Zig-Zag test is to assess the__________. (1)
Q 3 Height is measured by _________. (1)
Q 4 Body Fat is measured by _________ (1)
Q 5 The direct measurement of fat deposits sub continuously is done using: __________. (1)
Q 6 Explosive power is measured through: __________. (1)
Q7 Explain in detail the benefits and processer of 600mt walk and run test. (3)
Q8. What is the utility of 10 meter agility shuttle 4×10 ut (3)
Q.9. Explain indetail standing long jump test. (3)
Q10. What does the general motor fitness test mean? Explain the testing of general motor fitness level.
(5)
Q11.. Give detailed information on the rock ports 1 mile test. (5)
Sant Nirankari Public School
Nirankari Colony Class XII HISTORY
ASSIGNMENT-2 WEEK 3
CHAPTER-6 ‘ BHAKTI AND SUFI TRADITION’(REVISION)
Select the correct option out of the four possible options given after the statement of the
questions:
1.Which of the following statements is not true about the Lingayats ?
a) The ligayats challenged the idea of caste and the pollution attributed to certain
groups by Brahamanas
b) They questioned the theory of rebirth
c) They also encouraged certain practices disapproved in the Dharmashastras, such as
post-puberty marriage
d) They disapproved the remarriage of widows
2. When they see a serpent carved in stone they pour milk on it, If a real serpent comes they
say ‘ Kill Kill’. Who among the following saint said above vachana.
a) Kabir (b) Guru Nanak (c) Basavanna (d) Tulsidas
3. In which of the following centuries, Delhi sultanate was established ?
a) 11th century (b) 12th century (c) 13th century (d) 14th century
4. Under which practice women after marriage remained in their natal home with their
children and the husbands could come to stay with them ?
a) Joint family system (b) patriarchy (c) patriliny (d) matrilocal residences
5. Who were not included in the category of the Zimi ?
a) Jews (b) Hindus (c) Christians (d) Muslims
6. Name the Mughal ruler, who had abolished Jaziya.
a) Babur (b) Akbar (c) Humayun (d) Jahangir
7. Match the following
a) Arab Muslim Traders -i) Tamil Nadu
b) Alvars and Nayanars -ii) North India
c) Virshaiva -iii) Malabar Coast (Kerala )
d) Naths Jogis -iv) Karnataka
8. Match the following
a) Prayers five times a day -i) Zakat
b) Giving alms -ii) Sawn
c) Fasting during the month of Ramzan –iii) Hajj
d) Performing pilgrimage to Mecca - iv) Namaz/Salat
9. Match the following
a) Kabir -i) Nankana Sahib
b) Baba Guru Nanak –ii) Successor of Guru Nanak
c) Mardana -iii) Saint poet- ultimate reality
d) Angad -iv) Played the rabab
Fill in the blanks
10. One of the most striking examples of the process of integration of cults is evident
at_____________Orissa, where the principal deity was identified by the twelfth century,
as (literally, the lord of the world) a form of ________.
11.The terms great and little traditions were coined by a sociologist named___________in the
twentieth century to describe the cultural practices of peasant societies.
12. Nirguna bhakti was worship of _________________form of god.
13. Alvars were devotees of ___________- and Nayanars were devotees to_________.
14. The major compositions by the Alvars was ______________. It has been considered as
____________in the literary circles.
15. The two women devotees of Alvars and Nayanars were ___________and___________.
16. Lingayats worshipped Shiva in his manifestation as a ________________
17. Arab Muslim traders who settled along the Malabar Coast (Kerala) adopted the local
language________. They also adopted local customs such as _____________matrilocal
residence.
18. Identify the image.
SANT NIRANKARI PUBLIC SCHOOL
POLITICAL SCIENCE
CLASS XII
WEEK-3 (ASSIGNMENT:-2)
Chapter:- (Politics of Planned Development)
Answer these questions (long questions)
Q1.What was the major thrust of the First Five Year Plan? In which ways did the Second plan differ from
the first one?
Q2. What was the green Revolution ? Mention two positive and two negative consequences of the Green
revolution.
Q3. What is mixed economy ? Describe the grounds on which it has been criticised ?
Q4.how a five year plan is prepared ? what is its advantage ?
Q5.what were the major differences in the approach towards development at the time of Independence?
Has the debate been resolved?
Q6. What do you know about Niti Ayoug ? Explain
Q7. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:
i. About which state the clipping is talking about? ii. What is food-crisis? iii. What were the main reasons for food-crisis? iv. Is India now sufficient in food production ?
Q8. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions:
Decentralised Planning It is not necessary that all planning always has to be centralised; nor is it that
planning is only about big industries and large projects. The
Kerala modeľ is the name given to the path of planning and development charted by
the State of Kerala. There has been a focus in this model on education, health, land reform, effective
food distribution, and poverty alleviation. Despite low per capita incomes, and a relatively weak
industrial base, Kerala achieved nearly total literacy, long life expectancy, low infant and female
mortality, low birth rates and high access to medical care. Between 1987 and 1991, the government
launched the New Democratic Initiative which involved campaigns for development (including total
literacy especially in science and environment) designed to involve people directly in development
activities through voluntary citizens' organisations. The State has also taken initiative to involve
people in making plans at the Panchayat, block and district level.
Questions
1. What is meant by decentralisation?
2. Which state is the best example for this
3. Which methods were used by state o Kerala for decentralisation?
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