ClassificationClassification
Why do we classify things?
� Classification provides scientists and students a way to sort and group organisms for easier study.
� There are millions of organisms on earth!
� ____________________________________� ____________________________________
Organisms are classified by their:
� ___________________ (how they look)
� ___________________
� ___________________
� ___________________
� ___________________
UNITY AND DIVERSITY Organizing the world of organsims
� The Tree of Life
� ______________
______________
______________
______________ ______________
� how they are built
� how they live
� organize them
into groups of
______________
______________
In one classification system, there are 2
main groups. In others, there are 3. In the
one used by most of the world’s scientists,
there are 6 main groups.
All living things are placed in one of the six
____________ …which are the most general
group (sort of).
They are then broken down into smaller
groups, then smaller groups, then smaller
and so on until there is just one…
____________ is the most specific group…
Classification of Animal Kingdom
� _______
� _______
� _______� _______
� _______
� _______
� _______
� _______
Classification
Here is another way
of looking at it…
That’s my That’s my idea baby!
Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus
Organizing systems
� Making sense out of the differences
Eastern gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis
K P C O F G sCan you make a sentence using the first letter of
each classification subgroup?
______________ — the branch of science
that classifies and names living things
______________ — a system for naming ______________ — a system for naming
things
In biology there is a two-word system that
is used to name organisms. It is called
____________________________
________________ devised this in the 1700’s
(18th century) using the last two subgroups
for the specific species name:
GENUS
( ___________ )
GOLDBERG
SPECIES
( ___________ )
JASON
species
Humans are known as _______ _______
genus
GOLDBERG
GOLDBERG
GOLDBERG
JASON
BILL
WHOOPI
The Five Kingdoms__________
__________
__________
__________
____________________
Organisms are grouped among these six kingdoms by:
� the presence or absence of a nuclear membrane� Prokaryotes — _____________________________
Eukaryotes —
Classification
Prokaryote
Prokaryotes — _____________________________
� Eukaryotes — ______________________________Eukaryote
� unicellular ( _______ ) or multicellular (_____)� _____________________________ :
(heterotrophic or autotrophic)
Kingdom
Protist
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Kingdom
Bacteria Protist
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Plant
Kingdom
Animal
ArchaebacteriaBacteria
KINGDOMS BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA
� ___________________________________
___________________________________
� most of these organisms are unicellular
(some can exist as multicellular
clusters)clusters)
Both Good & Bad…
� pathogens
� _________________
� beneficial & necessary
� help in digestionhelp in digestion
� help plants grow
� make foods
Bacteria live EVERYWHERE
� On plants & animals
� In plants & animals
� In the soil
� In the extreme cold� In the extreme cold
� In the extreme hot
� On the living
� On the dead
ProtistsSimple Eukaryotes
DomainBacteria
DomainArchaebacteria
DomainEukaryotes
Common ancestor
Simple Eukaryotes
KINGDOM PROTISTA
� ___________________________________
___________________________________
� predominantly unicellular
KINGDOM PROTISTA
� two main phyla
A. Protozoa—animal-like nutrition (heterotrophic)
B. Algae—plant like nutrition (autotrophic)
FungiEukaryotesEukaryotes
DomainBacteria
DomainArchaebacteria
DomainEukaryotes
Common ancestor
KINGDOM FUNGI
� ___________________________________
___________________________________
� absorbs food from its environment
(heterotrophic), does NOT ingest it!
�� organized into branched (usually
multicellular) filaments
Importance of fungi to humans
� food production
� bread
� beer, wine
� medicine production� medicine production
� antibiotics
PlantsMulticellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotes
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
Common ancestor
Multicellular Photosynthetic Eukaryotes
KINGDOM PLANTS
� ___________________________________
___________________________________
� all are multicellular
� all are ________________ (autotrophic)� all are ________________ (autotrophic)
photo = synthesis =
Plant Diversity
Mosses
no water
transport
Mosses
no water
transport
Ferns
water
transport,
Ferns
water
transport,
Conifers
pollen &
seeds
Conifers
pollen &
seeds
Flowering plants
flowers
& fruit
Flowering plants
flowers
& fruittransport
system
(pipes)
transport
system
(pipes)
transport,
no seeds
transport,
no seeds
seedsseeds & fruit& fruit
seed plantsseed plants
water transport systemwater transport system
colonization of landcolonization of land
Animals
Complex Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotes
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
Common ancestor
Complex Multicellular Heterotrophic Eukaryotes
KINGDOM ANIMALS
� largest grouping of organisms
� ___________________________________
___________________________________
� all are multicellular� all are multicellular
� all ingest food ( ____________ )
spongessponges jellyfishjellyfish flatwormsflatworms roundwormsroundworms mollusksmollusks segmentedworms
segmentedworms
insectsspidersinsectsspiders
starfishstarfish vertebratesvertebrates
segmented bodysegmented body internal skeletoninternal skeleton
Animal Evolution
many-celledmany-celled
Ancestral Protist
tissuestissues
left-right symmetryleft-right symmetry
separate digestive systemseparate digestive system
A) Coelenterates
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
� hydra
� jellyfish
B) Annelids
1. ________________________
� earthworm
� sandworm
� leeches
fan worm leech
C) Arthropods
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
� grasshopper
� lobster
� spiders� spiders
� insects
Arthropod groups
crustaceansgills, 2 pairs antennae
crab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp
arachnids8 legs, 2 body parts
spiders, ticks, scorpions
insects6 legs, 3 body parts
D) Chordatesbecomes brain &
spinal cordbecomes brain &
spinal cord1. ________________________
2. ________________________
� humans
� frogs
� sharks
becomes vertebraebecomes vertebrae
becomes gills or Eustachian tubebecomes gills or Eustachian tube
becomes tail or tailbone
becomes tail or tailbone
� sharks
� cats
There are many CLASSES in the chordate PHYLUM!
ex. fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
There are many CLASSES in the chordate PHYLUM!
ex. fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
That’s
the buzz…
AnyAny
Questions?