Classification of Animals 1

7/25/2019 Classification of Animals 1

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BIOLOGY OFBIOLOGY OFINVERTEBRATESINVERTEBRATES

AND CHORDATESAND CHORDATES

Dr. M.S.McCONNELL


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ORGANISM

ORGAN SYSTEM

ORGANS

TISSUES

CELL

CELLULAR ORGANISATION


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MATTER

LIVING NON LIVING

ANIMALS

PLANTS


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CLASSIFICATION OFCLASSIFICATION OF

ANIMALSANIMALS


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ANIMALS

KINGDOM

PHYLUM

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

SPECIES


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CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON CAT

CLASS: MAMMALIA

ORDER:CARNIVORA

FAMILY: FELIDAE

GENUS: FELIS

SPECIES: DOMESTICA

KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

PHYLUM: CHORDATA


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BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION

Level of or!"#$!%#o"& U"#cell'l!r

& ('l%#cell'l!r S)((e%r)

& R!*#!l

&+#l!%er!l

N!%'re of coelo(& Pre,e"ce

& A+,e"ce


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LEVEL OF ORGANISATION

ORGAN SYSTEM GRADE

ORGAN GRADE

TISSUE GRADE

PROTOPLASMIC GRADE


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SYMMETRY

BILATERAL RADIAL


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COELOM

Bo*) c!v#%) #",#*e %-e or!"#,(

T-e #"%er"!l or!", -!" freel) #",#*e !

%r'e coelo(

I% #, for(e* #" %-e *evelo#" e(+r)o !"*

#% ,%!),

A body cavity#, !") fl'#* f#lle* ,!ce #" !

('l%#cell'l!r or!"#,(


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I% refer, %o %-e ,!ce/ loc!%e* +e%0ee" !"

!"#(!l1, o'%er cover#" 2e#*er(#,3 !"*

%-e o'%er l#"#" of %-e '% c!v#%)/ 0-ere#"%er"!l or!", *evelo.

T-e %)e of +o*) c!v#%) l!ce, !"

or!"#,( #"%o o"e of %-e,e %-ree ro',


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NATURE OF COELOM

ACOELOMATE: -!ve "o +o*) c!v#%) !% !ll.

Organs have direct contact with the

epithelium. Semi-solid mesodermal tissues

between the gut and body wall holdtheir organs in place.

E.g. fatworms: Tapeworm, liver fuke,etc


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PSEUDOCOELOMATE:animals-!ve !

pseudocoel2l#%er!ll) 4f!l,e c!v#%)53.

T#,,'e *er#ve* fro( (e,o*er( o"l) !r%l) l#"e,%-e fl'#* f#lle* +o*) c!v#%) of %-e,e !"#(!l,.

T-',/ !l%-o'- or!", !re -el* #" l!ce loo,el)/

%-e) !re "o% !, 0ell or!"#$e* !, #" ! coelo(!%e.

E.. ro'"* 0or(, : A,c!r#,


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EUCOELOMATE:--!true coelom"

have a fuid #lled body cavity called a coelomwith a complete lining called er#%o"e'(derived

$rom mesoderm %one o$ the three r#(!r) %#,,'el!)er,&.

The complete mesoderm lining allows organs tobe attached to each other so that they can be

suspended in a particular order while still beingable to move $reely within the cavity.

E.g. 'ost bilateral animals, including all thever%e+r!%e,, are coelomates.


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NATURE OF COELOM


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P-)l'( : Pro%o$o!


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FEATURES OF PHYLUM

PROTO6OA Pro%o$o!", !re %-e simples%

!"* primitive!"#(!l,

(#"'%e !"* microscopic

e#%-er free l#v#" or ('%'!l,7co((e",!l, or !r!,#%e,

All %-e free l#v#" for(, !re

!8'!%#c

asymmetricalor symmetric

2r!*#!ll) or +#l!%er!ll),)((e%r)3

!re acellular

protoplasmic grade of

organization

Locomotion is carried outby flagella or cilia or

pseudopodia

Reproduction is either by

asexual or sexual means.

Asexual reproduction is bymeans of budding or

multiple fission


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E9AMPLES

Plasmodium vivax;

Amoeba proteus;

Entamoeba histolytica;

Euglena virditis;

Paramecium caudatum


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P-)l'( : Por#fer!


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FEATURES OF PHYLUM PORIFERA

A"#(!l, -!ve cellular level of

organization.

T-ere #, loo,e !re!%#o" of

cell,/ e!c- cell f'"c%#o"#"

#"*ee"*e"%l).

T-e +o*) v!r#e, #" %-e *#ffere"%

or#fer!",7 ,o(e of %-e( !re

v!,e l#e or c)l#"*r#c!l 2-!v#"

radial symmetry37 o%-er, !re

fl!% or lo+'l!r or #rre'l!r #",-!e.

I% (!) +e +r!"c-e* !"*

%-erefore asymmetric.

,#$e of %-e v!r#o', or#fer!",

r!"e, fro( ! fe0 (#ll#(e%er, %o ;

(e%er,

colo'r of %-e,e, !"#(!l, #, !l,o

v!r#e*. I% r!"e, fro( r!) %o

+ro0"/ %o +r#-% )ello0 or re* or

or!"e/ %o v#ole% or #"/ %o +l!c

or 0-#%e.

Por#fer!", !re diploblastic/ -!v#"

o"l) %-e r#(!r) er( l!)er,. T-e Ec%o*er( #, *#ffere"%#!%e* #"%o

!" o'%er dermal layer!"* %-e

e"*o*er( #, *#ffere"%#!%e* #"%o !"

#""er choanocyte layer


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FEATURES OF PHYLUM PORIFERA

Por#fer! *o "o% -!ve or!"

,),%e(,

+o*) +e!r, %0o #"*, of ore,

2!3 Ostia2+3 Osculum +o*) e"clo,e, ! l!re c!v#%)

c!lle* %-e spongocoel

+o*) co",#,%, of (ocro,co#c

+o*#e, c!lle* spicules

A canal systemof v!r)#"co(le


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E9AMPLES

Leucosolenia;

Euplectella;

Scypha;

Hayalonema


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P-)l'( : Coele"%er!%!


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FEATURES OF PHYLUM

COELENTRATA %-e ,#(le,% eumetazoans

All of %-e( !re aquatic

mostly marine

(!) e


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FEATURES OF PHYLUM

COELENTRATA Nervo', ,),%e( #, #" %-e for(

of ! primitive networ# of

nerve fibers

Respiratory and circulatorysystems are absent

They exhibitpolymorphismandthere are two basic

$orms %a& a cup shapedPolyp and %b& a saucershaped Medusa

A,e


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E9AMPLES

Hydra vulgaris;

Obelia;

Aurelia aurita;

Physalia;

Porpita

ALL CORALS

JELLY FISH


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P-)l'( : Pl!%)-el(#"%-e,


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FEATURES OF PHYLUM

PLATYHELMINTHES

T-e !"#(!l, !re dorso-

ventrally flattenedl#e ! le!f

T-e) -!ve organ gradeof

or!"#$!%#o" They are aceolomates.

The cavity between thebody wall and the gut is#lled with parenchyma.

They are triploblasticin nature

T-e) !re bilaterally

symmetrical

T-e) have segmentedbody. (lthough this is a

pseudo-segmentation.

muscle bers arearranged in circular,longitudinal andvertical layers

in higher parasiticatworms the digestivesystem is degeneratedor all together absent


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FEATURES OF PHYLUM

PLATYHELMINTHES

) *espiratory organs areabsent.

) +arasites are obligate

anaerobes.There is nocirculatory system

) ecretion is enabled byame cellsprotonephridia!

(ll animals arehermophrodites.

Their development isdirect or indirect."ndo-parasites usuallyhave indirectdevelopment withmany larval stages.These larval stagesmay be spread outthrough one or moreintermediate hosts


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E9AMPLES

FLA !OR"S

Pla#aria$

Fasiola hepati%a$

S%histoso&a hae&atobiu&$

ae#ia soliu&


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END OF THIS CLASSEND OF THIS CLASS

NE9T CLASS

ANOTHER FOURPHYLUMS

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Classification of Animals 1

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