Classification of Components and Approaches of Ad hoc

Routing Protocols

Myung Lee & Tarek Saadawi

CCNYOctober 22nd, 2004

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 2

Component-Based RoutingCore components

Components possessed by most routing protocols.

Auxiliary componentsAdditional components that are not essential to all routing protocols

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 3

Core Components 1. Route discovery2. Route selection3. Route formation /representation4. Data forwarding 5. Route maintenance6. Routing metrics

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 4

Auxiliary Components 1. Neighbor discovery and

maintenance 2. Hierarchical structure3. Multicast4. Security

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 5

Core Components

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 6

(1) Route Discovery

Finding potential route(s) to a destination

ReactiveProactiveHybrid

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 7

Route Discovery (cont.)

ReactiveFull-flooding RREQ (AODV)Limited-Flooding RREQ (LAR)

Position basedDirection basedRegion based

Expanding ringA priori knowledge

Efficient broadcast

Probabilistic RREQ (ANT, GPS Any-like)Hybrid

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 8

Route Discovery (cont.)

ProactiveBroadcasting cost-to-all to neighbors (DSDV)

Update message (cost-to-all) stops at neighbors, each node periodically updates its neighbors

Broadcasting cost-to-neighbor to all (LSR)Update message (cost-to-neighbor) floods to the network

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 9

Route Discovery (cont.)Proactive (cont.)

Broadcasting cost-to-neighbor to neighborsUpdate message (cost-to-neighbor) stops at neighbors, each node periodically (constant period) updates its neighbors (GSR, TRR)Update message (cost-to-neighbor) stops at neighbors, each node periodically (different period based on distance to update originator) updates its neighbors (FSR, DREAM)

Unicast cost-to-all to a neighborUpdate message (cost-to-all) stops at a neighbor, each neighbor periodically updates one of its neighbors (Angle SINR Table Routing)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 10

Route Discovery (cont.)

Hybrid: ExamplesProactive for intra-cluster, reactive for inter-cluster (ZRP) Proactive for virtual backbone, reactive for end-devices (TTDD)Distance vector for neighborhood, self-routing for distant nodes (Terminode routing)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 11

(2) Route Selection

Selecting the best route(s) to a destination from the potential routes.

ReactiveProactiveHybrid

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 12

Route Selection (cont.)

ReactiveSource behavior

Select one or more routes from multiple RREPs (AODV, AOMDV)Select the first arrived RREP and discard later RREPs (AODVjr)Accept all RREPs (AOMDV)

Destination behaviorSelect from multiple RREQs and reply with one/more RREP(s) (AODV)Select from multiple RREQs and reply with one RREP (delayed RREP) (LBR)Reply to all RREQs (AODVM: all; AOMDV: up to k RREPs)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 13

Route Selection (cont.)Reactive (cont.)

Intermediate node behaviorCreating one or multiple routing entries based on RREQ filtering metricRREQ filtering

Filtering duplicated RREQs (AODV)Relaying RREQs without filtering Filtering RREQs based on the interface the RREQ came from (SMR for link disjoint multipath)Filtering RREQs based on cost (ABR)Filtering RREQs based on whether they are in the forwarding zone (LAR, Region-based routing).Filtering RREQs based on traffic flow conditions (LBR)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 14

Route Selection (cont.)

ProactiveOptimization based on distance vector (DSDV)Optimization based on link state (OLSR, FSR, ZHLS)Calculation based on tree topology (nerRFon)Calculation based on position information (GPSR, GREEDY)

Hybrid (ZRP: Proactive for intra-cluster, reactive for inter-cluster)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 15

(3) Route Formation/ Representation

Means to store routing information. Exact routeRoute guidance

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 16

Route Formation/Representation (cont.)

Exact routeRouting table (AODV)Interest entry (DD)Route in the packet (DSR)Binary tree (tree routing) 

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 17

Route Formation/Representation (cont.)

Route guidanceCost table (GRAd)Geographical information 

Exact positions (GPSR)Pointer (TERMINODE)Approximate region (ZHLS, LABAR)

Hierarchical structure informationCluster headers (CBRP)Cores (CEDAR)Landmarks (LANMAR)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 18

(4) Route Maintenance

Proper update/ repair of routes to address network dynamics

Route refreshingFailure handlingRoute invalidation

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 19

Route Maintenance (cont.)

Route refreshingReactive

Control packet (GPS Ant-like )Data packet (AODV)Automatic update when predefined or estimated route lifetime expires (LBR, LUNAR)Hybrid (AODVjr)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 20

Route Maintenance (cont.)

Route refreshing (cont.)Proactive

Distance vector update (DSDV)Link state update (LSR)Location information update (DREAM)Hierarchical structure update (ZHLS)

Hybrid (ZRP: Proactive for intra-cluster, reactive for inter-cluster )

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 21

Route Maintenance (cont.)

Failure handlingReactive

Rediscovery (AODV, DSR, DREAM)Local repair (AODV, LAR)Alternative path (multipath like TORA)Route cache (DSR) Data cache (CHAMP)

Proactive (handled by the route refreshing process )Hybrid (GRA)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 22

(5) Data Forwarding

Means to forward data packets based on route information

UnicastData broadcast + neighbor filtering (GRAd)Flooding

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 23

Data Forwarding (cont.)

UnicastRouting table

DeterministicOne routeMultiple routes

* Simultaneously * Alternatively

Probabilistic

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 24

Data Forwarding (cont.)

Unicast (cont.)Self-routing (without routing table)

Tree routingLocation-based routing

Send to the neighbor in the transmission range that is closest to destination node (Greedy)Send to the neighbor cluster that is closest to destination node (LABAR)

Hybrid of above approaches (Terminode, GRA)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 25

(6) Routing Metrics

Parameters used by routing algorithms to determine route optimality

HopConnectivity Link QoSRoute QoS

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 26

Routing Metrics (cont.)

Route QoSE2E delay/JitterReliabilityThroughputSecurityEnergy

Node lifetimeNetwork lifetime

Processing power (CPU, memory)Etc.

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 27

Auxiliary Components

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 28

Auxiliary Components 1. Neighbor discovery and

maintenance 2. Hierarchical structure3. Multicast4. Security

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 29

(1) Neighbor Discovery and Maintenance

Dynamic maintenance of neighborhood information such as location, direction, ID, resources etc.

Synchronous approachAsynchronous approach

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 30

Neighbor Discovery and Maintenance

(cont.)

Synchronous approachBeacon/Hello

1-hop neighbor information 2-hop neighbor information (OLSR, GLS, TERMINODE)

Asynchronous approachControl packet (LBR, AODV) Data packet (AODV)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 31

(2) Hierarchical Structure

Organizing a group of network nodes into one or multiple level architecture.

Flat Hierarchical

Homogeneous (proactive or reactive) Heterogeneous (proactive and reactive) (ZRP)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 32

(3) Multicast

The transmission of a packet from a sender to a group of receivers

Tree basedSource treeShared tree

Mesh basedBroadcastMultiple unicasts

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 33

(4) Security

Means to achieve secure communication (confidentiality, integrity, freshness, and authentication)

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 34

Next StepAnalyses of ApproachesDerivation of Dependency Graph of ApproachesComponent Researches

MultipathRoute discoveryEfficient broadcasting

CBR Reference List

Papers reviewed: 90By

X. Hu, H. Juan, C. Zhu, Y. Liu, J. Zheng, J. Yoon

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 36

[ABR] C.-K. Toh, “Associativity-Based Routing For Ad-Hoc Mobile Networks”, Wireless Personal Communications Journal: Special Issue in Mobile Networking and Computing Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Vol. 4, No.2, March 1997, pp103-139.

[AODV] C. E. Perkins, E. M. Belding-Royer, and S. Das. “Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing IETF Internet draft, draft-ietf-manet-aodv-11.txt, June 2002.

[AODVjr] I. Chakeres and L. Klein-Berndt, AODVjr, AODV Simplified, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, July 2002.

[ARA] Mesut Günes et. al., ARA - the ant-colony based routing algorithm for manets, In Stephan Olariu, editor, Proceedings of the 2002 ICPP Workshop on Ad Hoc Networks (IWAHN 2002), pages 79-85, IEEE Computer Society Press, August 2002,

[BSR] SONG GUO, OLIVER W. YANG Performance of Backup Source Routing (BSR) in mobile ad hoc networks p 440-444, Proc. 2002 IEEE Wireless Networking Conference

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 37

[CGSR] C. -C. Chiang and M. Gerla, “Routing and Multicast in Multihop, Mobile Wireless Networks,” Proc. IEEE ICUPC ’97, San Diego, CA, Oct. 1997.

[DBF] SHREE MURTHY, J.J. GARCIA-LUNA-AVECES Distributed Bellman-Ford routing protocol (DBF), A Routing Protocol for Packet Radio Networks, Proc. ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 86-95, November, 1995.

[DD] C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan and D. Estrin, Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks”, ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM'00), 2000.

[DSDV] C. E. Perkins and P. Bhagwat, “Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers,” in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM’94, London, U.K., Sept. 1994, pp. 234-244.

[DSR] D. Johnson, D. A. Maltz, and J. Broch, “The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks,” IETF Internet draft, draft-ietf-manet-dsr-09.txt, April 2003.

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 38

[DSRFLOW] YIH-CHUN HU, DAVID B. JOHNSON, DAVID A. MALTZ Flow State in the Dynamic Source Routing Protocol Internet Draft, draft-ietf- manet-dsrflow-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001

[FORP] J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves,Flow Oriented Protocols for Scalable Wireless Networks, ACM MSWiM 2002 , Atlanta, Georgia

[FSLS] C. Santivanez, R. Ramanathan, and I. Stavrakakis, “Making Link-State Routing Scale for Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. 2001 ACM Int’l. Symp. Mobile Ad Hoc Net. Comp., Long Beach, CA, Oct. 2001.

[FSR] G. Pei, M. Gerla, and T.-W. Chen, “Fisheye State Routing: A Routing Scheme for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,” Proc. ICC 2000, New Orleans, LA, June 2000.

[GRAd] R. Poor. “Gradient Routing in Ad Hoc Networks, http://www.media.mit.edu/pia/Research/ESP/texts/poorieeepaper.pdf

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 39

[GSR] T.-W. Chen and M. Gerla, “Global State Routing: A New Routing Scheme for Ad-hocWireless Networks,” In Proceedings of IEEE ICC’98, Atlanta, GA, Jun. 1998, pp. 171-175.

[HSR] G. Pei et al., “A Wireless Hierarchical Routing Protocol with Group Mobility,” Proc. IEEE WCNC ’99, New Orleans, LA, Sept. 1999.

[LBR] B. S. Manoj, R. Ananthapadmanabha, and C. Siva Ram Murthy, "Link life Based Routing Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks", Proc. of The 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications 2001 (IC3N 2001), October 2001.

[LCA] M. GERLA, J. T. TSAI Multicluster, Mobile, Multimedia Radio Network ACM Wireless Networks, VOl 1, No.3, 1995, pp. 255-265

[LMR] M.S. CORSON AND A. EPHREMIDES Lightweight Mobile Routing protocol (LMR), A distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks, Wireless Networks 1 (1995).

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 40

[LSR, OSPF] John T. Moy: OSPF: Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol, 3rd printing, September 1998, ISBN 0-201-63472-4.

[LUNAR] C. Tschudin and R. Gold, “LUNAR: Lightweight underlay network adhoc routing,” University of Basel, Switzerland, Tech. Rep., January 2002.

[nerRFon] L. Hester, Y. Huang, A. Allen, O. Andric, P. Chen, “neuRFonTM Netform: A Self-Organizing Wireless Sensor Network,” Proceedings of the 11th IEEE ICCCN Conference, Miami, Florida, Oct. 2002.

[OLSR] P. Jacquet et al., “Optimized Link State Routing Protocol,” draft-ietf-manetolsr- 05.txt, Internet Draft, IETF MANET Working Group, Nov. 2000

[PLBR] R. S. Sisodia, B. S. Manoj, and C. Siva Ram Murthy, "A Preferred Link Based Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", Journal of Communications and Networks, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 14-21, March 2002.

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 41

[QL] R. Castenada, S. R. Das, and M. K. Marina, “Query localization techniques for on-demand routing protocols in ad hoc networks”, ACM/Kluwer Wireless Networks (WINET) Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2, March 2002, pages 137-151.

[RDMAR] Aggelou G, Tafazolli R.    RDMAR: A Bandwidth-efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.   In Proceedings of ACM MobiCom99/WoWMoM99 , Washington, USA, August 1999

[REGR] X. Hu, Y. Liu, M. J. Lee, T. N. Saadawi, “A Region-based Routing Protocol for Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, IEEE Network, July/August, 2004, Page12-17.

[SSR] R. Dube et al., "Signal Stability based adaptive routing for Ad Hoc Mobile networks", IEEE Pers. Comm., Feb. 1997, pp. 36-45.

[STAR] J.J. GARCIA-LUNA, M. SPOHN Source Tree Adaptive Routing Internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-star-00.txt, work in progress, October 1999.

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 42

[TBRPF ] R. G. Ogier et al., “Topology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF),” draft-ietf-manet-tbrpf-05.txt, INTERNET-DRAFT, MANET WorkingGroup, Mar. 2002.

[TORA] VD Park and MS Corson "A highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks", Proc. INFOCOM'97, Apr. 1997, 9 pages.

[TTDD] F. Ye, H. Luo, J. Cheng, S. Lu and L. Zhang, “A Two-tier Data Dissemination Model for Large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks”, ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM'02), 2002.

[WRP] S. Murthy and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, "An Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Networks", ACM Mobile Networks and App. J., Special Issue on Routing in Mobile Communication Networks, Oct. 1996, pp. 183-97.

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 43

[AODVM: multipath] Zhenqiang Ye, Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy, Satish K. Tripathi, A Framework for Reliable Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, INFOCOM2003, San Francisco, CA, 2003

[EDSR : multipath] J. Wu, An Extended Dynamic Source Routing Scheme in Ad HocWireless Networks Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2002, Hawaii, 2002.

[GMR : multipath] G. Koh, D. Oh1 and H. Woo, A Graph-based Approach to Compute Multiple Paths in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.

[MMRP : multipath] S. De, C. Qiao H. Wu, Meshed multipath routing with selective forwarding: an efficient strategy in wireless sensor networks, Computer Networks 43 (2003) p481–p497

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 44

[Broadcast 1] M. Sun, W. Feng and T.H. Lai, "Location aided broadcast in wireless ad hoc Networks," Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM 2001, pp. 2842-2846, San Antonio, TX, November 2001.

[Broadcast 2] Y.-C. Tseng, S.-Y. Ni, Y.-S. Chen, and J.-P. Sheu, "The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network,” ACM Wireless Networks, Vol. 8, No. 2, March 2002, pp. 153-167.

[Broadcast 3] A. Qayyum, L. Viennot, and A. Laouiti. “Multipoint Relaying: An Efficient Technique for Flooding in Mobile Wireless Networks,” INRIA res. rep. RR- 3898, 2000

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 45

[GPS Ant-like] Daniel Camara and Antonio Alfredo F. Loureiro,

“A Novel Routing Algorithm for Ad Hoc Networks”, Baltzer Journal of Telecommunications Systems, 18:1-3,85-100

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001

 

[LAR] Y. Ko and N.H. Vaidya,

“Location-aided Routing (LAR) in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom’98), pp.66-75

 

[DREAM] S. Basagni, I. Chlamtac, V.R. Syrotjuk and B.A. Woodward,

“A Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM)”, Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom’98), pp.76-84

 

[DREAM vs. LAR] Tracy Camp and Jeff Boleng,

“Performance Comparison of Two Location Based Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks”, IEEE Infocom 2002, Dept. of Math and Computer Science

Colorado School of Mines

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 46

[ZHLS] Mario Joa-Ng and I-Tai Lu,

“A Peer-to-peer Zone-Based Two-level Link State Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”,

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

Vol.17, NO.8, August 1999

 

[LABAR] Gergely V. Zaruba and Vamsi K. Chaluvadi

“LABAR: Location Area Based Ad Hoc Routing for GPS-scarce Wide-area AD Hoc Networks”

Proceedings of the first IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom’03), Dept/ of Computer Science and Engineering,

The University of Texas at Arlington

[GPSR] Brad Karp and H.T. Kung

“GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks”

Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom 2000), Harvard University

[GRA] Rahul Jain and Anuj Puri

“GRA: Geographical Routing Using Partial Information for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”

IEEE Personal Communications, February 2001, pp.48-57

University of California, Berkeley

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 47

[Terminode 1] L. Blazevic, J. -Y. Le Boudec and S.Giordano

“A Location-Based Routing Method for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”,

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol.3, NO.4, October-December 2004

 

[Terminode 2] L. Blazevic, J. -Y. Le Boudec and S.Giordano

“Self Organized Terminode Routing”

Cluster Computing Journal, April 2002

[Terminode 3] L. Blazevic, J.-Y. Le Boudec and S.Giordano

“Anchored Path Discovery in Terminode Routing”

http://lcawww.epfl.ch/Publications/Blazevic/BlazevicGL02b.pdf

 

[GLS] Jinyang Li, John Jannotti, David R. Karger and Robert Morris

“A Scalable Location Service for Geographic Ad Hoc Routing”,

M.I.T Laboratory for Computer Science

http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/papers/grid:mobicom00/paper.pdf

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 48

[Quorum] Zygmunt J. Hass and Ben Liang

“Ad Hoc Mobility Management with Uniform Quorum Systems”,

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, April 1999, pp.1-13

The School of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University

[VHR] S. Giordano and M.Hamdi

“Mobility Management: The Virtual Home Region”,

Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (FPFL), Switzerland

http://icwww.epfl.ch/publications/ documents/IC_TECH_REPORT_199937.pdf

[Survery 1] Ivan Stojmenovic

“Position-Based Routing in Ad Hoc Networks”

IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2002, pp.128-134

[Survey 2] Martin Mauve and Jorg Widmer

“A Survey on Position-Based Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”

IEEE Networks, November/ December 2001, pp.30-39

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 49

[Survey 3] Dragos Niculescu

“Positioning in Ad Hoc Sensor Networks”

IEEE Network, July/August 2004

 

[Survey 4] Elizabeth M. Royer and Chai-Keong Toh

“A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks”

IEEE Personal Communications, April 1999

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 50

[Infra-structure AODV] Anders Lindgren, Olov Schelen, Infra-Structure Aodv for Infrastructured Ad Hoc networks, In Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (International Workshop on Ad Hoc Networking (IWAHN 2002)). pages 64-70. August 2002.

[PARO] J. Gomez, A. T. Campbell, M. Naghshineh, C. Bisdikian, T.J. Watson Power-Aware Routing Optimization Protocol (PARO) Internet Draft, draft-gomez-paro-manet-00.txt, work in progress, June 2001

[PAMAS] S. Singh, C. S. Raghavendra, "PAMAS-Power Aware Multi-Access Protocol with Signalling for Ad Hoc Networks", Computer Communication Review, July 1998.

[Geography-Informed Energy Conservation] Ya Xu, John Heidemann, and Deborah Estrin. Geography-informed energy conservation for ad hoc routing. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom), pages 70--84, Rome, Italy, July 2001. ACM.

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 51

[Minimum Energy] V. Rodoplu and T. H. Meng. Minimum Energy Mobile Wireless Networks. IEEE J. Selected Areas in Communications, 17(8), August 1999.

[SSA] R. Dube, C. Rais, K. Wang, and S. Tripathi, "Signal stability based adaptive routing (SSA) for ad hoc mobile networks," IEEE Personal Communication, Feb. 1997

[On-Demand Multipath] A. Nasipuri and S. Das, "On-demand multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks," in Proc. IEEE ICCCN '99, Oct. 1999

[Split Multipath] Sung-Ju Lee and Mario Gerla, "Split Multipath Routing with Maximally Disjoint Paths in Ad hoc Networks", Proceedings of IEEE ICC 2001, Helsinki, Finland, June 2001, pp. 3201-3205.

[Energy Efficient Multipath] D. Ganesan, R. Govindhan, S. Shenker, and D. Estrin, "Highly resilient, energy efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor networks," Mobile Computing and Communications Review (MC2R), vol. 1, no. 2, 2002.

[AODV-BR] Sung-Ju Lee and Mario Gerla, "AODV-BR: Backup Routing in Ad hoc Networks", Proceedings of IEEE WCNC 2000, Chicago, IL, September 2000.

 

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 52

[CBRP] Cluster Based Routing Protocol

IETF: draft-ietf-manet-cbrp-spec-01.txt

 

[CEDAR] Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing

IETF: draft-ietf-manet-cedar-spec-00.txt

 

[DDR] Distributed Dynamic Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

http://www.eurecom.fr/~nikaeinn/ddr.ps

 

Scalable Routing Strategies for Ad hoc Wireless Networks

http://www.cs.ucla.edu/NRL/wireless/PAPER/jsac99.ps.gz

 

[FSR] Fisheye State Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

IETF: draft-ietf-manet-fsr-02.txt

[HARP] Hybrid Ad hoc Routing Protocol

http://www.eurecom.fr/~nikaeinn/harp.ps

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 53

[LANMAR] Landmark Routing Protocol for Large Scale Ad Hoc Networks

IETF: draft-ietf-manet-lanmar-03.txt

 

[ZRP] The Zone Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

IETF: draft-ietf-manet-zone-zrp-02.txt

 

[BRP] The Bordercast Resolution Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

IETF: draft-ietf-manet-zone-brp-02.txt

 

[IERP] The Interzone Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

IETF: draft-ietf-manet-zone-ierp-02.txt

 

[IARP] The Intrazone Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

IETF: draft-ietf-manet-zone-iarp-02.txt

 

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 54

[Conn] Bandyopadhyay, S.; Hasuike, K; A Connection management protocol to support multimedia traffic in ad hoc wireless networks with directional antenna ; Multimedia and Expo, 2001. ICME 2001. IEEE International Conference on , 22-25 Aug. 2001 Pages:1037 – 1040

[ODD] Nasipuri, A.; Mandava, J.; Manchala, H.; Hiromoto, R.E.; On-Demand Routing Using Directional Antennas; Computer Communications and Networks, 2000. Proceedings. Ninth International Conference on , 16-18 Oct. 2000 Pages:535 – 541

 

[DAR]Wei-Her Chung; Sy-Yen Kuo; Shih-I Chen; Direction-Aware Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks; Communications, Circuits and Systems and West Sino Expositions, IEEE 2002 International Conference on , Volume: 1 , 29 June-1 July 2002 Pages:165 - 169 vol.1

 

[IOD] Romit Roy Choudhury and Nitin Vaidya; Impact of Directional Antennas on Ad Hoc Routing; The Eighth International Conference on Personal Wireless Communication (PWC), Venice, September 2003. 

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 55

[NAMR] Siuli Roy, Dola Saha, Somprakash Bandyopadhyay, Tetsuro Ueda, Shinsuke Tanaka; A Network-Aware MAC and Routing Protocol for Effective Load Balancing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks with Directional Antenna

International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing Annapolis, Maryland, USA SESSION: Directional antenna Pages: 88 – 97; Year of Publication: 2003 ISBN:1-58113-684-6

 

[MRD] Yang Li; Hong Man; Jin Yu; Yu-Dong Yao; Multipath Routing in Ad hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas; Advances in Wired and Wireless Communication, 2004 IEEE/Sarnoff Symposium on , April 26-27, 2004 Pages:119 – 122

[ARCD] Mineo Takai; Junlan Zhou;Rajive Bagrodia; Adaptive Range Control Using Directional Antennas in Mobile Ad hoc Networks; Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems2003, Pages:92 – 99

Oct. 22, 2004 CCNY 56

[RIDA] Amit Saha, and David B. Johnson; Routing Improvement using Directional Antennas in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks; Rice University, Department of Computer Science Technical Report - TR03-420. To appear in Globecom 2004, Dallas, Texas, Nov 2004.

[EFCD AntennasSpyropoulos, A.; Raghavendra; Energy Efficient Communications in Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional, C.S.;INFOCOM 2002. Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings. IEEE , Volume: 1 , 23-27 June 2002 Pages:220 - 228 vol.1