Classification of Classification of Drugs Drugs

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AbuseAbuse Inappropriate useInappropriate use Unwarranted useUnwarranted use Over useOver use May or may not mean May or may not mean

addictionaddiction

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DependenceDependence Physical dependence occurs when the Physical dependence occurs when the

drug becomes necessary for their body drug becomes necessary for their body to function normally. Cessation of use to function normally. Cessation of use results in withdrawal sickness.results in withdrawal sickness.

Psychological dependence occurs when Psychological dependence occurs when a person thinks they need a drug to a person thinks they need a drug to function normallyfunction normally

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WithdrawalWithdrawalWhen taken in sufficient doses and frequency, some drugs When taken in sufficient doses and frequency, some drugs

are capable of producing are capable of producing withdrawal symptomswithdrawal symptoms; ; physiological changes that encourage their continued physiological changes that encourage their continued use. use.

When the use of these drugs ceases abruptly, a severe When the use of these drugs ceases abruptly, a severe physical illness follows. Addicts learn regular drug use physical illness follows. Addicts learn regular drug use prevents this prevents this withdrawal sickness; withdrawal sickness; it is then that the it is then that the addict is physically addicted.addict is physically addicted.

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Drugs can be classified according toDrugs can be classified according to

The Controlled Substances ActThe Controlled Substances Act Their effectsTheir effects

The Controlled Substances ActThe Controlled Substances Actstatute prescribing federal U.S. drug statute prescribing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use and importation, possession, use and distribution of certain distribution of certain substancessubstances is is regulated.regulated.

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The Controlled Substances ActThe Controlled Substances ActThe government maintains five schedules, or The government maintains five schedules, or

classifications, for controlled substancesclassifications, for controlled substancesControlled substances are placed in these Controlled substances are placed in these

schedules according to:schedules according to:Potential for abusePotential for abusePotential for dependencePotential for dependenceMedical valueMedical value

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Schedule ISchedule I High potential for abuse High potential for abuse No currently accepted medical No currently accepted medical

useuse Heroin Heroin Marijuana Marijuana PCP PCP LSD LSD

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Schedule IISchedule IIHigh potential for abuse High potential for abuse Some medicinal use Some medicinal use

Cocaine Cocaine opium opium Some opium derivatives Some opium derivatives Dronabinol Dronabinol (synthetic marijuana) (synthetic marijuana)

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Schedule IIISchedule IIILess potential for abuse than I & Less potential for abuse than I &

II II Current accepted medical useCurrent accepted medical use low/moderate physical dependence low/moderate physical dependence

or high psychological dependence or high psychological dependence

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Schedule III-DrugsSchedule III-DrugsBarbiturate Barbiturate preparations preparations

Certain Certain preparations preparations of codeine of codeine

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Schedule IVSchedule IVLower potential for abuse Lower potential for abuse than schedule III than schedule III

Valid medical useValid medical useLimited dependenceLimited dependenceDarvonDarvon PhenobarbitalPhenobarbitalValium Valium Librium Librium

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Schedule VSchedule VLow abuse potentialLow abuse potentialValid medical useValid medical useLower potential for producing Lower potential for producing

dependence than schedule IV dependence than schedule IV Robitussin Robitussin Low dose codeine preps.Low dose codeine preps.

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The Controlled Substances ActThe Controlled Substances Act The U.S. Attorney General has the authority to The U.S. Attorney General has the authority to

alter these schedules as information becomes alter these schedules as information becomes available or as new discoveries are made.available or as new discoveries are made.

Most drugs fit into one or more of the Most drugs fit into one or more of the following categories:following categories:NarcoticsNarcoticsHallucinogensHallucinogensDepressantsDepressantsStimulantsStimulants

Classifying by effectsClassifying by effects

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NarcoticsNarcotics-induce a state of -induce a state of lethargy or sluggishnesslethargy or sluggishness

Narcotics are analgesics –relieve painNarcotics are analgesics –relieve pain Most come from the poppy plantMost come from the poppy plant Example NarcoticsExample Narcotics

MorphineMorphine MethadoneMethadoneHeroinHeroin CodeineCodeineOxyContinOxyContin

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HallucinogensHallucinogens-cause marked -cause marked alterations in normal thought alterations in normal thought

process, perceptions, and moodsprocess, perceptions, and moods

MarijuanaMarijuana LSDLSD PCPPCP AcidAcid

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Depressants Depressants – depress (slow – depress (slow down) action in the Central down) action in the Central

Nervous SystemNervous System

AlcoholAlcohol Barbiturates Barbiturates

(downers)(downers) InhalantsInhalants

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Stimulants Stimulants – stimulate (speed – stimulate (speed up) action in the Central Nervous up) action in the Central Nervous

SystemSystem

CocaineCocaine CrackCrack Crystal MethCrystal Meth AmphetaminesAmphetamines

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