Classification

Classification

of of

Living Things

Living Things

II--ClassificationClassification: grouping of organisms, to help learn more about them.

A-A- ClassificationClassification: procedure of putting organisms in groups according to their.

Structure BehaviorFood NeedsChemical make up

1-1- Organisms are grouped by individuals with similar body structures.2-2-The more structural similarities organisms have the more alike they are.

B- B- HowHow OrganismsOrganisms areare groupedgrouped intointo KingdomsKingdoms: : In 1737, a Swedish scientist In 1737, a Swedish scientist named Carolus Linnaeus devised named Carolus Linnaeus devised a classification system, he a classification system, he grouped organisms based on grouped organisms based on internal and external structures. internal and external structures. The largest groups he called The largest groups he called kingdoms. There are five kingdoms. There are five kingdoms.kingdoms.

1- 1- FiveFive MajorMajor KingdomsKingdoms..a- a- MoneranMoneran

{Bacteria}{Bacteria} Single celled organisms, that have NO NO NUCLEINUCLEI, or other organelles. Some carry out PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis.

b- b- ProtistProtist:: {Amebas}{Amebas} Most are single celled but some are multi-cellular. They HAVEHAVE AA NUCLEUSNUCLEUS and other organelles. Some carry out photosynthesis.

c- FungusFungus:: {Molds & Molds &

MushroomsMushrooms}

Multicellular organisms that absorb food from dead or living organisms.

d- PlantPlant:: Multi-cellular organisms that undergo photosynthesis, and are NOT mobile.

e- AnimalAnimal::

Multi-cellular organisms that eat other organisms for food. Most can move about on their own.

C-C-Subdivisions of the 5 Subdivisions of the 5 KingdomsKingdoms

1-1- KingdomsKingdoms are divided into Phylum.

2- Phylum2- Phylum into Class.

3- Class3- Class into Order.

4- Order4- Order into Families.

5- Families5- Families into Genus.

6- Genus6- Genus into Species.

7- Species7- Species are organisms that can reproduce with one another.

Kings

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OnFlat

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s

Group Wolf Dog Horse Grasshopper

Chimpanzee

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Chordate Chordate Chordate Arthropod Chordate

Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia insectae Mammalia

Order Carnivore Carnivore Ungulate Orthoptera Primates

Family Canidae Canidae Equidae Locustidae Pongidae

Genus Canis Canis Equus Schistocerca

Pan

Species lupus familiaris caballus americana troglodytes

E- IdentifyingIdentifying OrganismsOrganisms11- - Identification Keys/ Identification Keys/

Dichotomous Dichotomous

Identification KeyIdentification Key:: Uses pictures and gives you a description of the organism.a- Start at # Start at #11, , choose the description that best fits the organism you are trying to identify.

~~ Follow the directions and continue making choices until the key indicates the name of the organism you are identifying.

D-D-Naming OrganismsNaming Organisms1-1-Common NamesCommon Names: :

Can be confusing. Can be confusing.

People who live far apart or People who live far apart or speak different languages may speak different languages may use different names for the use different names for the same type of organismsame type of organism

Mountain Lion or

CougarLynx or Bobcat

2-2-LinnaeusLinnaeus:: set up the system for naming organisms.

He gave each a two word scientific name = binomial binomial nomenclaturenomenclature.

a- a- Scientific NameScientific Name: indicates the Genus and species.

3-3- The name is made up of Latin or is Latinized, put in the form similar to Latin.

4-4- The first word is the Genus and is Capitalized.

~~The second is the species and is lower case.

~~Scientific Names are underlined or in Italics.

Felis leo = LionFelis domestica = House Cat

Felis tigrus = Tiger Homo sapiens = Human