Classification of malocclusion
1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationshipA- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
1-Lischer classification
Cephalic anomaliesDeformities of osseous components
of the head
◼ Microcephaly (retrognathia)
◼ Macrocephaly ( spacing&
prognathism)
◼ Osteogenic (hyperosteosis of the maxilla – overgrowth of mandibular width and depth –retardation of dentition )
Dysgnathic anomaliesTerm denotes gross developmental
abnormalities of the teeth, dental arches, jaws, etc…
◼ Macroglossia
◼ Microglossia
◼ Aglossia
◼ Clefts
◼ Abnormal labial fenum
◼ Agnathia
◼ Tumors
◼ Periodontal diseases
◼ Systemic diseases with oral manifestation
1-Lischer classification
Euognathic anomaliesAnomalies of teeth only
◼ Impaction
◼ Retardation of eruption
◼ Abnormal tooth
position(labioversion, linguversion,
mesioversion, infraversion, ….)
1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationshipA- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
2- Berger classification
Asthenic or liptosomatic (long and slender)
◼ Underdeveloped mandible
◼ Bridge of the nose is
overdeveloped
2- Berger classification
Pyknic
(short and square)
◼ Broad face
◼ Short neck
◼ Face height is less than
asthenic
2- Berger classification
Athletic
(muscular type)
◼ Fully developed mandible
◼ Well developed skeleton
1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationshipA- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
3- Bennett classification
◼ Class I : abnormal position of one or more teeth
due to local etiologic factors
◼ Class II: abnormal development of the upper and /
or lower arch due to developmental defect of the
bone
◼ Class III: malrelation of the upper and lower arches
to each other or to the face due to developmental
defect of the bone
1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationshipA- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
◼ Angle classification
Angle classification
◼ Key of occlusion is upper first molar
◼ Upper first molar is a fixed point
Angle classification
◼ Class I
◼ Class II (division 1 & 2)
◼ Class III
Angle Class I malocclusion
◼ Normal molar relationship
◼ Malocclusion is localized
anterior to the first molar
◼ Crowding
◼ Spacing
◼ Crossbite
◼ Deep bite
◼ Open bite
◼ Impacted canine or
premolar
Angle Class II malocclusion
◼ The mandibular arch is in
distal relationship to the
maxillary arch
Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion
◼ Proclined upper incisors
◼ Excessive overjet and overbite
◼ V- shaped upper arch
◼ Short upper lip
◼ Incompetent lips
◼ Mandible may be deficient
◼ Underdeveloped chin
Angle Class II division II malocclusion
◼ Retroclined upper centrals which may be overlapped by upper laterals
◼ deep overbite
◼ broad upper arch
◼ normal upper lip
◼ Deep mental groove
◼ Mandible is of good size
Angle Class II subdivision
◼ The first molar
relationship is class I in
one side and class II in
the other side
Angle Class III malocclusion
◼ The mandibular arch is in
mesial relationship to the
maxillary arch
Angle Class III subdivision
◼ The first molar
relationship is class I
in one side and class
III in the other side
Validity of angle classification
◼ Upper first molar is not fixed
◼ It is possible to have class II dental arches on skeltal class I bases
◼ It does not differentiate between mandibular retrusion or maxillary protrusion in class II (same for class III)
◼ It is incomplete ( consider only anteroposterior direction( (neglect vertical and transverse direction)
Modifications of Angle classification1-Lischer’s modification
◼ Neutrocclusion (class I)
◼ Distocclusion (class II)
◼ Mesiocclusion (class III)
◼ Buccoversion
◼ Linguversion
◼ Supraversion (deep bite)
◼ Infraversion ( open bite)
◼ Transiversion (transposition)
◼ Axiversion (wrong axial angulation or inclination)
Modifications of Angle classification2- Dewey’s modification
Dewey divided angle’s class I into 5 types:
◼ Type 1: crowded maxillary anteriors
◼ Type 2:maxillary incisors in labioversion
◼ Type 3:maxillary incisors in linguversion
◼ Type4: molars and occasionally premolars in buccoversion or linguversion – normal anteriors and normal dental arches relationship
◼ Type 5:molars in mesioversion due to loss of teeth anterior to molars- rest of teeth are normal
1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationshipA- Angle classification
B- Simon classification
Simon Classification
◼ He relate the denture to the face and cranium in the three planes of space
◼ Frankfort plane
◼ Orbital plane
◼ Mid-sagittal plane
◼ The Frankfort plane
Used to determine the deviation in the height of the dental arches and teeth in
relation to the face and cranium
◼ Attraction: short distance between the occlusal plane and Frankfort plane
◼ Abstraction: long distance between the occlusal plane and Frankfort plane
Simon Classification
◼ The orbital plane
◼ This plane is perpendicular
to the Frankfort plane at the
margin of the bony orbit
directly under the pupil of
the eye
◼ Used to determine the
sagittal deviation of the
dental arches and teeth in
relation to the face and
cranium
◼ The orbital plane passes
through the distal aspect of
the canine ( the law of the
canine)
Simon Classification
◼ The orbital plane
◼ Protraction: the dental arch is anteriorly placed to the orbital plane
◼ Retraction: the dental arch is posteriorly placed to the orbital plane
Simon Classification
◼ The mid-sagittal plane
◼ This plane is perpendicular
to the Frankfort plane at the
median palatine raphe
◼ Contraction: the dental arch
is nearer to the mid-sagittal
plane
◼ Distraction: the dental arch
is farther away from the
mid-sagittal plane
Simon Classification