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Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification...

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Classification of malocclusion
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Page 1: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Classification of malocclusion

Page 2: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

1- primary classification (Lischer)

2-Classification by body type (Berger)

3-classification according to etiology

(Bennett)

4- classification according to dental arch

relationshipA- Angle classification

B- Simon classification

Page 3: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

1-Lischer classification

Cephalic anomaliesDeformities of osseous components

of the head

◼ Microcephaly (retrognathia)

◼ Macrocephaly ( spacing&

prognathism)

◼ Osteogenic (hyperosteosis of the maxilla – overgrowth of mandibular width and depth –retardation of dentition )

Dysgnathic anomaliesTerm denotes gross developmental

abnormalities of the teeth, dental arches, jaws, etc…

◼ Macroglossia

◼ Microglossia

◼ Aglossia

◼ Clefts

◼ Abnormal labial fenum

◼ Agnathia

◼ Tumors

◼ Periodontal diseases

◼ Systemic diseases with oral manifestation

Page 4: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

1-Lischer classification

Euognathic anomaliesAnomalies of teeth only

◼ Impaction

◼ Retardation of eruption

◼ Abnormal tooth

position(labioversion, linguversion,

mesioversion, infraversion, ….)

Page 5: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

1- primary classification (Lischer)

2-Classification by body type (Berger)

3-classification according to etiology

(Bennett)

4- classification according to dental arch

relationshipA- Angle classification

B- Simon classification

Page 6: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

2- Berger classification

Asthenic or liptosomatic (long and slender)

◼ Underdeveloped mandible

◼ Bridge of the nose is

overdeveloped

Page 7: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

2- Berger classification

Pyknic

(short and square)

◼ Broad face

◼ Short neck

◼ Face height is less than

asthenic

Page 8: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

2- Berger classification

Athletic

(muscular type)

◼ Fully developed mandible

◼ Well developed skeleton

Page 9: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

1- primary classification (Lischer)

2-Classification by body type (Berger)

3-classification according to etiology

(Bennett)

4- classification according to dental arch

relationshipA- Angle classification

B- Simon classification

Page 10: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

3- Bennett classification

◼ Class I : abnormal position of one or more teeth

due to local etiologic factors

◼ Class II: abnormal development of the upper and /

or lower arch due to developmental defect of the

bone

◼ Class III: malrelation of the upper and lower arches

to each other or to the face due to developmental

defect of the bone

Page 11: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

1- primary classification (Lischer)

2-Classification by body type (Berger)

3-classification according to etiology

(Bennett)

4- classification according to dental arch

relationshipA- Angle classification

B- Simon classification

Page 12: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

4- classification according to dental arch

relationship

◼ Angle classification

Page 13: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle classification

◼ Key of occlusion is upper first molar

◼ Upper first molar is a fixed point

Page 14: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle classification

◼ Class I

◼ Class II (division 1 & 2)

◼ Class III

Page 15: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle Class I malocclusion

◼ Normal molar relationship

◼ Malocclusion is localized

anterior to the first molar

◼ Crowding

◼ Spacing

◼ Crossbite

◼ Deep bite

◼ Open bite

◼ Impacted canine or

premolar

Page 16: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle Class II malocclusion

◼ The mandibular arch is in

distal relationship to the

maxillary arch

Page 17: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion

◼ Proclined upper incisors

◼ Excessive overjet and overbite

◼ V- shaped upper arch

◼ Short upper lip

◼ Incompetent lips

◼ Mandible may be deficient

◼ Underdeveloped chin

Page 18: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle Class II division II malocclusion

◼ Retroclined upper centrals which may be overlapped by upper laterals

◼ deep overbite

◼ broad upper arch

◼ normal upper lip

◼ Deep mental groove

◼ Mandible is of good size

Page 19: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle Class II subdivision

◼ The first molar

relationship is class I in

one side and class II in

the other side

Page 20: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle Class III malocclusion

◼ The mandibular arch is in

mesial relationship to the

maxillary arch

Page 21: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Angle Class III subdivision

◼ The first molar

relationship is class I

in one side and class

III in the other side

Page 22: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Validity of angle classification

◼ Upper first molar is not fixed

◼ It is possible to have class II dental arches on skeltal class I bases

◼ It does not differentiate between mandibular retrusion or maxillary protrusion in class II (same for class III)

◼ It is incomplete ( consider only anteroposterior direction( (neglect vertical and transverse direction)

Page 23: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Modifications of Angle classification1-Lischer’s modification

◼ Neutrocclusion (class I)

◼ Distocclusion (class II)

◼ Mesiocclusion (class III)

◼ Buccoversion

◼ Linguversion

◼ Supraversion (deep bite)

◼ Infraversion ( open bite)

◼ Transiversion (transposition)

◼ Axiversion (wrong axial angulation or inclination)

Page 24: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Modifications of Angle classification2- Dewey’s modification

Dewey divided angle’s class I into 5 types:

◼ Type 1: crowded maxillary anteriors

◼ Type 2:maxillary incisors in labioversion

◼ Type 3:maxillary incisors in linguversion

◼ Type4: molars and occasionally premolars in buccoversion or linguversion – normal anteriors and normal dental arches relationship

◼ Type 5:molars in mesioversion due to loss of teeth anterior to molars- rest of teeth are normal

Page 25: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

1- primary classification (Lischer)

2-Classification by body type (Berger)

3-classification according to etiology

(Bennett)

4- classification according to dental arch

relationshipA- Angle classification

B- Simon classification

Page 26: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

Simon Classification

◼ He relate the denture to the face and cranium in the three planes of space

◼ Frankfort plane

◼ Orbital plane

◼ Mid-sagittal plane

Page 27: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

◼ The Frankfort plane

Used to determine the deviation in the height of the dental arches and teeth in

relation to the face and cranium

◼ Attraction: short distance between the occlusal plane and Frankfort plane

◼ Abstraction: long distance between the occlusal plane and Frankfort plane

Simon Classification

Page 28: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

◼ The orbital plane

◼ This plane is perpendicular

to the Frankfort plane at the

margin of the bony orbit

directly under the pupil of

the eye

◼ Used to determine the

sagittal deviation of the

dental arches and teeth in

relation to the face and

cranium

◼ The orbital plane passes

through the distal aspect of

the canine ( the law of the

canine)

Simon Classification

Page 29: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

◼ The orbital plane

◼ Protraction: the dental arch is anteriorly placed to the orbital plane

◼ Retraction: the dental arch is posteriorly placed to the orbital plane

Simon Classification

Page 30: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

◼ The mid-sagittal plane

◼ This plane is perpendicular

to the Frankfort plane at the

median palatine raphe

◼ Contraction: the dental arch

is nearer to the mid-sagittal

plane

◼ Distraction: the dental arch

is farther away from the

mid-sagittal plane

Simon Classification

Page 31: Classification of malocclusion · Classification of malocclusion. 1-primary classification (Lischer) 2-Classification by body type (Berger) 3-classification according to etiology

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