Classification of OrganismsClassification of Organisms

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Basic Biological OrganizationBasic Biological OrganizationAtoms are organized into moleculesAtoms are organized into moleculesCells are organized in tissues,Cells are organized in tissues,

organs, organs, organ systems, organ systems, individuals, individuals, populations, populations, communitiescommunities ecosystems biomes biosphere ecosystems biomes biosphere

How we classify organismsHow we classify organisms

Biologists classify organisms into Biologists classify organisms into groups with similar characteristics to groups with similar characteristics to understand the diversity of lifeunderstand the diversity of life

Classification of organisms = Classification of organisms = ““taxonomytaxonomy””

The system progresses from the most The system progresses from the most general to the most specificgeneral to the most specific

Taxonomic “System”Taxonomic “System”

The “system”The “system”KingdomKingdom

PhylumPhylumClassClass

OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies

How to remember the “system”How to remember the “system”

KKings ings PPlay lay CChess hess OOn n FFine ine GGrain rain SSandand

KKittens ittens PPrefer refer CCream ream OOr r FFish, ish, GGenerally enerally SSpeakingpeaking

KKeep eep PPutting utting CChemistry hemistry OOff ff FFor or GGreater reater SSubjectsubjects

KKing ing PPhilip hilip CCame ame OOver ver FFor or GGood ood SSexex

The three The three domains of domains of life arelife are

Three Domains of LifeThree Domains of Life

1.1. Bacteria Bacteria 2.2. Archaea Archaea 3.3. EukaryaEukarya

Figure 1.8.1

Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia

DOMAINS Bacteria and Archaea are DOMAINS Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic domainsboth prokaryotic domains **

Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea

Common bacteria Bacteria that live in extreme environments, like high temperatures.

Domain Domain Eukarya is Eukarya is eukaryotic eukaryotic and and includes four includes four kingdoms:kingdoms:

1.1. ProtistaProtista2.2. PlantaePlantae3.3. FungaeFungae4.4. AnimaliaAnimalia

Figure 1.8.3

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Fungae Kingdom Animalia

The KingdomsThe KingdomsFor our purposes we will discuss Four For our purposes we will discuss Four

Kingdoms, which are all part of Domain Kingdoms, which are all part of Domain Eukarya:Eukarya:Protista = unicellular eukaryotesProtista = unicellular eukaryotesPlantae = plantsPlantae = plantsFungi = mushrooms, slime molds, fungiFungi = mushrooms, slime molds, fungiAnimalia = animals and mammalsAnimalia = animals and mammals

Plantae are Plantae are photosyntheticphotosynthetic. . Ecologically they Ecologically they are are producersproducers. . **

Figure 1.8.3

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae

Protista are single cell organisms.

Domain Eukarya are Eukaryotes.

Fungae are Fungae are decomposers decomposers that that digest food outside of digest food outside of their cells before their cells before bringing food inside.bringing food inside.

Animalia Animalia ingest ingest organic food to organic food to digest internally. digest internally. **

Figure 1.8.3

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Fungae Kingdom Animalia

THE ENDTHE END