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Classification of Classification of PlantsPlants
A plant can be divided into 3 partsA plant can be divided into 3 parts
Types of Stems
• Tree – – one main woody
stem– Usually over 3
meters tall
• Shrub– Multiple woody
stems– Normally under 3
meters tall
Types of Stems
• Vine– No supporting stem– Woody or non-woody
• Herbaceous– Non-woody– Grasses, bamboo
Types of Roots
• Fibrous– no root grows larger
than another – can have up to 14
million roots (i.e. rye grass)
– Help prevent erosion
– Examples: grasses, marigolds,
Types of Roots
• Taproots– Primary root grows
larger than secondary roots
– Makes it harder to pull them from the ground
– Examples include carrots, dandelions, beets and radishes
Types of Roots
• Rhizomes– usually underground,
horizontal stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes.
– may also be referred to as creeping rootstalks, or rootstocks
• Stolons– similar to a rhizome,
but exists above ground, sprouting from an existing stem.
Types of Roots
• Tuber – thickened part of a
stolon that has been enlarged for use as a storage organ.
• Corm– short, vertical, swollen
underground stem of a plant that serves as a storage organ to enable the plant to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat
Leaves
• The leaf is a plant organ specialized for photosynthesis
• Starts at the axillary bud
Leaf Form
Simple Compound
One blade per leaf
Multiple blades or leaflets per leaf
Leaf Arrangement
Compound Leaflet Arrangement
Compound Leaflet Arrangement
Plant Kingdom
Flowering Plants
Non-flowering Plants
3 groups
FernsFernsMossesMosses GymnospermsGymnosperms
Non - flowering Plants
Do NOT produce flowers
Examples of Examples of MossesMosses
spores
Spore-producing capsule
No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport)
Characteristics of Characteristics of MossesMosses
Simple stems & leaves
Have rhizoids for anchorage
Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal)
Damp terrestrial land
Simplest plants
underground stem
root
A leaf (finely divided into small parts)
roots, feathery leaves & underground stems
Characteristics of Ferns
have vascular tissuesvascular tissues (transport & support)
DampDamp & shadyshady places
Spore-producing organSpore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction)
needle-shaped leaves
Male cones (in clusters)
Female cones (scattered)
roots, woody stems
Characteristics of Characteristics of GymnospermsGymnosperms
needle-shaped leaves
tall evergreen trees
cones with reproductive structures
dry places
vascular tissues (transport)
naked seeds in female cones
Question and Answer Pairs
• Take one minute to develop a question over the material you just learned.
• Then, see if you can stump your partner!
2 2 groupsgroups
MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons DicotyledonsDicotyledons
Flowering Plants
roots, stems, leaves
vascular tissues (transport)
flowers, fruits (contain seeds)
MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons
Parallel veins
one seed-leaf
Characteristics of Characteristics of MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons
leaves have parallel veins
herbaceous plants
e.g. grass, maize
DicotyledonDicotyledonss
Veins in network
two seed-leaves
Characteristics of Characteristics of DicotyledonsDicotyledons
leaves have veins in network
e.g. trees, sunflower, rose
Drill Partners
• With your neighbor, drill each other on the differences between monocots and dicots until you are both certain you can remember them.
Plant ClassificationPlant Classification
Non-flowering
Plants
Flowering
Spore-bearing
Naked seeds
No roots
with roots
Mosses Ferns
Gymnosperms
1 seed-leaf
2 seed-leaves
Monocots Dicots
Ticket Out the door
• List three important facts you learned today.