Pål Buhl-Mortensen (IMR)Margaret Dolan (NGU)
Classification of seabed video observations as a basis to predict biotopes and ecotopes
Nature type (”Biotope”)a homogeneous type of nature, which embraces all plant and animal life and the environmental factors acting there.
Nature types are generally home to a unique combination of species that reflects the local environmental conditions.
http://www.artsdatabanken.no/
Nature is a general and scale-independent term referring to a specific area including the species living there and the environment surrounding them, or the environment alone
Nature
ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle)
Towed platforms/drop cameras
Manned submersibles
Video/camera-platforms
• Few existing habitat classes
• Deep sea less homogenous that perceived
• Many new nature types
• How to define?
Recognition/definiton of habitats and biotopes in deep water
Sponge habitats on sandy mud, Sand, Gravelly sand, Gravel, Moraine ridges
Fine mud, Seepages (Pockmark)*
Fine mud, Sand, Gravelly sand, Coral reef*, Seepages (Pockmark)*
Landscape/landscape element level Ecosystem level
Nature types in the MAREANO-areaIdentified with DCA of results from video analysis of 200 m sequencesanalysed in field (landscape level) and post cruise (ecosystem level)
Bank
Sedimentation-bassain
Shelf trough(marine valley)
Shelf break
Upper continental slope
Lower continental slope
Consolidated mud with large glass sponges, Fine deep sea mud, ++
Gravelly bottom with soft corals ++
Quantifying image and video data
Analysis of videotransects
100 m
Video transect divided into sequences:
Video-sequences: Average length = 12 m
Counting of individuals an colonies
Estimation of % coverage of bottomsubstrates and encrusting organisms
Quantification of human impact:
damaged organisms trawlmarks lost fishing gears garbage
Recording of videoand additional data
Video-signal
Stored data: Time
PositionDepth
AltitudePitch
Monitor
Semi-automaticalextraction
of data
Extracted data: Taxon, Abundance,Bottom type, Cover,
Position, Depth,Estimated area ….
Integration of stored dataand image analysis
Synchronization
File Edit View Insert Format Tools HabiMap
Predefined species A (n)
Predefined species B (n)
Predefined species C (%)
N 7052000E 576000
Depth 150
New species A: ………….
New species B: ………….
New species C: ………….
Time 03:27:56
1 2 2-5 5-10 10-20 …….
1 2 2-5 5-10 10-20 …….
1 2 2-5 5-10 10-20 …….
1 2 2-5 5-10 10-20 …….
1 2 2-5 5-10 10-20 …….
1 2 2-5 5-10 10-20 …….
Sequence 56.5 m Area 112,7
Predefined bottomtype A
Predefined bottomtype B
New bottomtype: ………..
<10 10-25 ….
10-25 ….
10-25 ….
Main bottom type: Mud….78
Bottomtypes
Taxa
25-50
25-50
25-50
50-75
50-75
50-75
75-90
<10
<10
75-90
75-90
90-100
90-100
90-100
% cover
Counts and % cover
Start newsequence
Pause Stopregistration
St DateTime E NDistance
Cumul dist
Depth
Mud
Sand
Sand with shells
Sandy mud
Pebble
Cobble
Boulder
Bedrock Species Value
Laserbeams
Field width
Comments
Laserbeams
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:11:47 840669.5 7807508.4 0.0 0 316 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:11:47 840669.5 7807508.4 0.0 0 316 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 Stichopus 1 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:11:47 840669.5 7807508.4 0.8 0.7901093 316 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 Cerianthidae 1 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:11:56 840669.5 7807507.6 0.0 0.7901093 317 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 Stichopus 1 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:11:56 840669.5 7807507.6 1.2 1.9698279 317 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 Teleostei 1 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:08 840669.4 7807506.4 0.0 1.9698279 317 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 Cerianthidae 1 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:08 840669.4 7807506.4 0.0 1.9698279 317 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 Stichopus 1 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:12 840669.4 7807506.4 0.0 1.9698279 317 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 Unidentified 1 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:12 840669.4 7807506.4 0.4 2.3594394 321 5 85 0 0 10 0 0 0 Unidentified 1 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:16 840669.3 7807506.0 0.8 3.1495477 318 5 90 0 0 5 0 0 0 1.4 340.7 1.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:23 840669.3 7807505.2 0.0 3.1495477 318 5 90 0 0 5 0 0 0 Teleostei 1 1.4 340.7 1.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:23 840669.3 7807505.2 0.0 3.1495477 318 5 90 0 0 5 0 0 0 Stichopus 1 1.4 340.7 1.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:23 840669.3 7807505.2 0.4 3.5391593 318 5 90 0 0 5 0 0 0 Stichopus 1 1.4 340.7 1.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:32 840669.3 7807504.9 1.3 4.8720789 319 5 90 0 0 5 0 0 0 muddy sand with lots of tubes
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:12:45 840669.1 7807503.5 3.0 7.8738224 319 10 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4 198.8 2.4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:13:47 840670.7 7807501.0 0.4 8.2351037 318 10 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 238.5
whole last section: no sightsediment turbulences 2
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:13:53 840671.1 7807501.1 2.0 10.233926 317 10 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stichopus 2
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:14:47 840672.8 7807502.0 7.9 18.137544 318 10 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 68.1
camera zoomed inwhole last section sediment turbulences 7
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:15:48 840673.0 7807509.9 3.7 21.832473 319 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 no sightsediment disturbance
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:05 840672.2 7807513.5 0.0 21.832473 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 119.3camera zoomed in 4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:05 840672.2 7807513.5 0.9 22.747898 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified 2 4 119.3camera zoomed in 4
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:09 840672.0 7807514.4 3.5 26.223316 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified 1
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:25 840672.3 7807517.9 1.9 28.098207 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified 2
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:34 840672.6 7807519.7 0.0 28.098207 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0camera zoomed in during the whole transect
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:34 840672.6 7807519.7 1.1 29.208444 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kophobelemnon 1
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:38 840672.7 7807520.8 1.7 30.884585 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified 1
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:44 840672.9 7807522.5 1.1 31.994822 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified 1
R100VL116 11.04.07:11:16:47 840673.0 7807523.6 0.6 32.549939 318 15 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 79.5 6
Actiniaria dark
Actiniaria pink
Actiniaria red
Actiniaria violet
Actiniaria white
Amphipoda cave
Antho dichotoma
Aplysilla sulfurea Ascidia sp
Ascidia virginea
Asterias rubens Asteroidea Axinella
100_1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00100_2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00100_3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00100_4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00100_5 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00101_1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00101_2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00101_3 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00101_4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00101_5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.00102_1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00102_2 0.49 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00102_3 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.00102_4 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00102_5 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00103_1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.13 0.00103_2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.00103_3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.00 1.80 0.00103_4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.81 0.00103_5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.00103_6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.00103_7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00104_1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20104_2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00104_3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00104_4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00104_5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.22105_1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.39 0.00105_2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.49 0.00105_3 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.71 0.00105_4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.33 0.00105_5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.03 0.00106_1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00106_2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.21
- Depth
- Terrain- Slope- Aspect- Curvature- Rugosity- ++
- Backscatter
Variables derived from multibeam echosouder(naturetype indicators)
General procedure for characterization and prediction of habitats
1)Multivariate analysis of species data from bottom video-surveys to find groups
of locations that are similar with respect to composition of species.
2)Identification of environmental variables (e.g. Depth, surface sediment
composition, topography, etc) that best explain the composition of species
identified on video records.
3)Comparison of the explanatory ability of variables derived from the MBE data-
set and parameters collected by means of visual inspection.
4)”Supervised” GIS analysis for classification with full areal coverage (Maxent).
5)Presentation of the general biodiversity of habitats based on species
composition in samples collected with different bottom sampling gears.
Tromsøflaket
MAREANO mapping areas
Barents Sea
Norwegian Sea
Shallow banks (50-200m)
Trench with strong currents (200-300m)
Continental slope (1500-2000m)
Continental slope (1000-1500m)
Andøy Hola
Bleiksdjupet Canyon
Grovinndeling av marine landskap
Surveyed locations 2008
0
400
200
600
800
2400
Fjord/coast
Shelf trough
BankShelf terrace
Shelf trough fan
Slope terrace
Upper slope
Mid and lower
slope
CanyonDeep-sea plain
MudSandy mud
SandGravelly sandSandy gravel
GravelBoulderBedrock
Consolidated mud
Dep
th (m
)
0.00.20.4
0.6
0.81.0
Bott
om ty
pes
(freq
uenc
y of
occ
urre
nce)
NAW (>0,5 °C)
NSAIW (-0,5 - 0,5 °C)
NSDW (-0,5 - 1,5 °C)
NCW
Wat
erm
asse
s0
Num
ber o
f tax
a
51015202530354045505560
Landscape
195
196
197
198
199200
201
202
203
204
205
206207
208
209210
211
212213
215
217
218
219
220
221222
223
224225
226
227
228
229
230 231232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249250
251
252
253
254255
256
257
258259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
Depth
Gravel
Gravelly
MudSand
Sandy mud
Axis 1
Axi
s 2
Fjord/Coast
Shelf trench
Fan
Bank
Shelf terracee
Slope terrace
Upper slope
Lower slope
Canyon
Deep sea plain
Lower slopeUpper slope
Shelf break
Shelf trench
Bank
DCA of field observations, cruise 2008104 june 2008
Clasification of locations based on DCA groups
DCA hele egga 09 2
Axis 1
Axi
s 2
Type
12345678
DCA T II April
Axis 1
Axi
s 2
CoralGravelSandSandy mudMud
Coral4 Gravel
3 Sand
1 Mud5 GravellySandy mud
2 Sandy mud
Tromsøflaket
DCA, 200m video sequenses
Pelosina Asbestopluma. Calcareous foraminifera. Aplysilla. Geodia
Aphrodite, Stylocordyla
Brachiopoda. PhakelliaPolymastia. Antho
Bolocera. Sticopus
Fine-grained mudSandy mud
SandGravelly sand
Morainic rocky ridges Bouldery bottom
2 1
34
56
Nature type prediction on Tromsøflaket, western partUsing same predictors as for the eastern part
1 – Mud in bassain, with pockmarks2 – Sandy mud, with iceberg ploughmarks3 – Sand/mud, on level bottoms4 – Gravelly and sandy sediments in gently sloping areas5 – Gravelly and sandy sediments, with iceberg ploughmarks6 – Gravelly and sandy sediments, with boulder on morainic ridges
Prediction in ”new” marine landscapes
Sources to ecosystem variation:-Terrain and landscape-Watermasses (temperature, salinity, etc)-Sediment composition-Bottom currents-Nutrient supply
Different regions often have different environmental conditions
MBE-derived predictors may change ”meaning”