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Classification
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By the end of the lesson I shall be
able to.....Describe the term classification (L4)Explain the difference betweenvertebrates and invertebrates (L5)
Recognise and explain why it isdifficult to classify some animals (L6)
Explain what is a kingdom andidentify the five kingdoms of classification (L7)
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Keywords
ClassificationOrganismsVertebrates
InvertebratesKingdomMoneraProtistaFungi
PlantaeAnimalia
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Introduction to Classification
Organizing is a very good way of keeping up with allof your belongings.
W hen you are organized, you are more than likely tofind whatever you are looking for, thus saving time,money and energy!
Scientists believe in this strategy as well andtherefore organize too.
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ClassifyingThis is because there are millions of species onour planet. It would be difficult to describe andname each one individually.
Although species can be very different from eachother, many have similar features that allow us toput them into groups.
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Common features
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M any other organisms also share common features.Scientists use common features to put organisms intogroups.Grouping organisms based on their common features iscalled classification.
Cows and dolphins have several featuresin common .
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Sort these organisms into four groups based on their similarities
Classification grouping organisms
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O ne way that a scientist might have grouped these organisms is to put theminto the following four groups:
These groups come from the scientific system for classifying organisms.
Classification grouping organisms
1. Plants
2 . Birds
3 . M ammals
4 . Reptiles
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O rganisms can be sorted into the plantkingdom and the animal kingdom.
The animal kingdom is then sorted intogroups- w ith a backbone and w ithout abackbone.
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Vertebrates
Mammals - have hair, give birth to live young, warm blooded.
Fish - Have wet scales, gills, fins, cold blooded.
Reptiles - Have dry scaly skin, lay eggs with tough shellBirds - have feathers, wings, beak; lay eggs with brittle shell
Amphibians - live on water and land
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Vertebrates are animas with backbones.There are five vertebrate subgroups. As the groupsget smaller the features become more similar betweenthe group members.
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Invertebrates
Invertebrates are simpleranimals that have fewcomplete organs.
Invertebrates have nobackbone unlikevertebrates.
The most commoninvertebrates are insects .
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Kingdoms of Classification
A Kingdom is thelargest group in theClassification
system. It covers allthe related species.
e.g. The vertebratesand vertebrates are
part of the animalkingdom.
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The 5 Kingdoms of Classification
In all, there are 5 Kingdoms of Life
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia
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F. The 5 Kingdoms of Classification
The Kingdom, Moneraconsists of all Bacteria.Examples of Bacteria
include: Cyan bacteria,Staph ylococcus aureus,& Escherichia coli . Thispicture is of
E. coli.
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The 5 Kingdoms of Classification
The Kingdom, Protistaconsists of simpleeukaryotes (multi-cellular
organisms).Examples within thisKingdom include themajorit y of molds such asSaprolegnia (Water mold),Dict yostelium diccoideum(Slime Mold).
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The 5 Kingdoms of Classification
The Kingdom, Fungiconsists of fungus &yeasts members.
Examples of differenttypes of fungus include:Saccharom ycescerevisiae (Yeast) &Amanita muscaria (Fl y Agaric).
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The 5 Kingdoms of Classification
The Kingdom, Plantaehouses all the plantmembers.
Examples of plantsinclude w heat, flo w ers,corn, moss, ferns, oaktrees, etc.
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F. The 5 Kingdoms of Classification
The last Kingdom,Animalia consists of Humans and ALL animals.
This includes insects,mammals, reptiles, birds,amphibians, etc.
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Activity
BOOK 1
Pg 160-1
Answer Questions 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
2 1
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What t r i s
Where
artic lar Se
cie
s Live
s?
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Learning OBJECTIVESBy the end of the lesson I shall be able to...
Identify special adaptive features of animals
Describe how different organisms survive in harshconditions
Explain how the adaptations of plants and animals are
related to their environment. Understand how competition among and within species
regulates population numbers.
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Keywords
Organisms: are living things such as animals andplants.
Adaptation: is the process whereby an organismbecomes better suited to its habitat . The termadaptation may refer to a feature which isespecially important for an organism's survival.
Environment: generally an e nvironm e nt refers tothe surroundings of an object.
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Wh ic h weat h er?
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P OLAR BEAR Thick white fur
for camouflageand insulation
Layer of fat(blubber) for
insulation
Fur on soles ofpaws for
insulation andgrip
Large feet tospread load
on snow
Strong legs for running and
swimming
Large size and small earsto reduce surface area
(relative to size) to reduce
heat losses
Sharp clawsand teeth
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THE CAMELH ump containing fat so it doesntinsulate whole body
Tolerance to body temperaturerises so it doesnt need to sweat
Large feet to spread load on sand
Bushy eyelashes and hair-linednostrils that can close to stop sandentering
Camouflage colouring
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THE CACTUSLeaves reduced to
spines to reducewater
losses and todiscourage animals
Green stem for photosynthesis
Rounded shapeprovides a
reduced surfacearea ratio to
reduce water losses
Thick cuticlereduces
water losses
Storage of water to withstand
droughts
Long roots to
reach water
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House Leek
A shortstem
A waxy, shinyouter coveringto the leaves
Fleshy green leaveswhich store water
but which dry up atthe end of the year
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Competition for survival
O rganisms can only survive if they have enough resources.
W hen organisms try to occupy the same space or obtain the samefood, this is called competition .
Plants such primroses flower early to avoid competition for light.
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Competition for survival G annets live and breed
on remote rocks orcliffs.
Nests are placedpecking distance apartto mark territory.
Population changes
with food availabilityand the effect of predators.
