Prepared By:

• CLAUSE is a string of words

that contains a subject and a

verb.

• In grammar, a clause is the

smallest grammatical unit that

can express a

complete proposition.

What are the 2

distinctions of CLAUSES?

INDEPENDENT

CLAUSES▪ An independent clause is a group of

words that contains a subject and

verb and expresses a complete

thought. An independent clause is a

sentence.

▪ It is a simple sentence that can

stand alone.

INDEPENDENT

CLAUSE MARKERS

also

consequently

furthermore

however

moreover

nevertheless

therefore

Examples of Simple Sentences (Independent Clauses):

▪ Mr. Smith arrived at the airport early this morning.

▪ We must find a new strateghy.

▪ I play basketball.

Examples of Compound Sentences (Two Independent Clauses):

▪ Mr. Smith arrived early this morning, but I didn’t meet him.

▪ We must find a new strategy, or we will lose our advantage.

▪ I play basketball, George plays baseball, and Fred plays tennis.

DEPENDENT

CLAUSES▪ A dependent clause functions not as a sentence

but as a part of speech (noun, adjective,

adverb). Therefore, it cannot stand alone as a

sentence. It is attached to some part of an

independent clause.

▪ It has an incomplete thought and cannot be a

sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked

by a dependent marker word.

DEPENDENT

CLAUSE MARKERSafter if

although in order

as to

as if since

because though

before unless

even if until

even though whatever

when whenever

whether while

Examples of Complex Sentences(1 Dependent Clause, 1 Independent Clause):

▪ When I got home, I cooked for dinner.

▪ We visited the musuem, before it closed.

▪ When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.

What are the 3 classifications of

DEPENDENT CLAUSES?

▪ it act as adverbs and tell us

WHEN something happens.

▪ They usually begin with the

words:

When, Before, After, As soon as

and Until

What are the 2 classifications of

TIME CLAUSES?

• Clauses that refer to past time are

formmed with the verb in the PAST

tense:

Examples:▪ When I finished my lunch, we played golf.

▪ After we played golf, we went to a party.

▪ As soon as we arrived at the party, they put the steaks on.

• Clauses that refer to future time

are formed with the verb in the

PRESSENT tense:

Examples:▪ As soon as we arrive at the party, they will put the steaks on.

▪ Before we eat our steaks, we will sit around and talk.

▪ Until the party ends, there will be plenty of good wine.

▪ It give information about

nouns (people, things, places, etc.).

▪ They appear after the noun they

describe.

▪ Adjective Clauses are also called

RELATIVE CLAUSES.

• Adjective Clauses are not set off by

commas if the information is neccessary in

order to identify the person or thing.

Examples:▪ The person who is sitting on my right is left-handed.

▪ The gentleman who dropped his wallet will come back for it.

▪ My brother who lives in Alaska works as a

trapper and hunter.

• Adjecttive Clauses are set off by

commas if the information is not

necessary in order to identify the person or

thing.

Examples:▪ John , who is sitting on my right , is left-handed.

▪ The governor , who spoke at our banquet , will speak again next year.

▪ My brother , who lives in Alaska , works as a trapper

and hunter.

▪ It act as simple nouns and identify

persons, places, things, etc.

▪ They are introduced by words such

as:

How, If, That, What, When, Where,

Whether, Which, Who, Whom,

Whomever, Whose, Why

• A Noun Clause as the subject of

a sentence.

Examples:▪ That sales have gone up is good news inddeed.

▪ Who gets the credit for a good idea should not be important.

▪ Why she said that is a mystery to me.

• A Noun Clause as the object of

a sentence.

Examples:▪ I will never understand how we arrived on time.

▪ I don't know when he resigned.

▪ I'd like to see if he can manage it.

QUIZ :))