ANATOMY 35 LAB UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE CLAVICLE Right or left? 1. sternal end –flat end 2. acromial end –rounded end 3. conoid tubercle (“cone shaped”) –near round end 4. Acromioclavicular joint SCAPULA Right or left? 1. Superior border (superior margin) 2. Medial border (vertebral margin) 3. Lateral border (axillary margin) 4. Glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) 5. supraglenoid tubercles 6 Scapular spine 7. Acromion process 8. Coracoid process (“hook shaped”) 9. Scapular notch (suprascapular notch) 10. supraspinous fossa 11. infraspinous fossa 12- subscapular fossa HUMERUS. Right or left? 1. Head 2. Greater tubercle 3. Lesser tubercle 4. Intertubercular groove (bicipital groove) 5. Anatomical neck 6. Surgical neck 7. Deltoid tuberosity 8. Medial epicondyle 9. Lateral epicondyle (skip) 10. Capitulum 11. Trochlea 12. Coronoid fossa 13. Radial fossa 14. Olecranon fossa ULNA. Right or left? 1. Olecranon process 2. Coronoid process (“crow’s beak”) 3. Semilunar notch (trochlear notch) 4. Radial notch (or groove) 5. Styloid process 6. Head 7. Ulnar tuberosity Hold the scapula by the spine and place the subscapular fossa behind you on top of your own shoulder blade (smooth side against your skin). The glenoid cavity should face laterally, not towards the How to tell R and L Humerus: Hold the humerus on the anterior surface of your arm with the olecranon fossa touching your skin (facing posteriorly). What direction is the head facing? It How to tell R and L Ulna: Bend your elbow 90 degrees, then place the ulna on your forearm with the semilunar notch facing the ceiling. The radial notch should be on the thumb side, not the shaped”) tubercle of the clavicle mixed up with the coracoid (“hook shaped”) process of the scapula or the coronoid (“crow’s beak shaped”) process of the ulna and of the mandible! Scapula has a “c” and so does coraCoid. Ulna and Mandible have an “n” and so does coroNoid. How to tell R from L Clavicle: Point the flat sternal end toward the midline. The clavicle should bulge OUT then IN, and the conoid tubercle must point DOWN. 1
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ANATOMY 35 LAB UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDECLAVICLE Right or left?
1. sternal end –flat end2. acromial end –rounded end3. conoid tubercle (“cone shaped”) –near round end4. Acromioclavicular joint
How to tell R and L Scapula:Hold the scapula by the spine and place the subscapular fossa behind you on top of your own shoulder blade (smooth side against your skin). The glenoid cavity should face laterally, not towards the vertebral column.
How to tell R and L Humerus:Hold the humerus on the anterior surface of your arm with the olecranon fossa touching your skin (facing posteriorly). What direction is the head facing? It should be should face medially towards the body.
How to tell R and L Ulna:Bend your elbow 90 degrees, then place the ulna on your forearm with the semilunar notch facing the ceiling. The radial notch should be on the thumb side, not the pinky side because the radius is on the thumb side.
Study Tip:Don’t get the conoid (“cone shaped”) tubercle of the clavicle mixed up with the coracoid (“hook shaped”) process of the scapula or the coronoid (“crow’s beak shaped”) process of the ulna and of the mandible!Scapula has a “c” and so does coraCoid.Ulna and Mandible have an “n” and so does coroNoid.
How to tell R and L RadiusPlace the radius on your forearm with the styloid process on the thumb side, facing laterally. The distal shaft should scoop upwards towards the ceiling, not touching your skin.
How to tell R from L Clavicle: Point the flat sternal end toward the midline. The clavicle should bulge OUT then IN, and the conoid tubercle must point DOWN.
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CARPALS 1. TRAPEZIUM (by the thumb)2. TRAPEZOID (right beside thumb)3. CAPITATE (base of 3rd met)4. HAMATE (base of 4-5th mets)5. TRIANGULAR or triquetrum (lateral-most)6. PISIFORM (on palmar side, under triangular)7. LUNATE (the one next to scaphoid)8. SCAPHOID (the largest; near the thumb)
METACARPALS; They are numbered metacarpal 1-5 (write “2nd metacarpal, 4th metacarpal”, etc)PHALANGES (plural) PHALANX (SINGULAR): Proximal, intermediate, distal, (write “1st distal phalanx, 2nd intermediate phalanx”, etc). NOTE: The thumb is called the pollex and does not have the intermediate phalanx. The hand is called the manus
OS COXA (or Pelvic bone or Innominate bone): Right or left?It looks like one bone but it is the fusion of 3 bones during childhood (ileum, ischium, and pubis):
PUBIS (or Os Pubis or Pubic bone)1. Superior ramus2. Inferior ramus3. Pubic symphysis4. Symphyseal surface 5. Pubic arch
Mnemonic for carpals:“Physical Therapy Lots of Studying, Time
To Come Home”.Physical: pisiformTherapy: triangularLots: lunateStudying: scaphoidTime: trapeziumTo: trapezoidCome: capitatesHome: hamate
How to tell the difference between a male and female pevis:
The female pelvis (R) has a wide pubic arch; the pubic arch of a male pelvis (L) is shaped like a “V”.
How to tell R from L Os Coxa:Place the auricular surface against the clothing on your hip, with the pubis facing anteriorly. The acetabulum should point laterally.
METATARSALS (1-5). The 5th metatarsal has a STYLOID PROCESSPHALANGES (proximal, intermediate, distal). The big toe is called the hallux and does not have the
intermediate phalanx.
PATELLA (right or left?)1. Apex2. Base3. Medial articular facet4. Lateral articular facet5. Medial and lateral border
How to tell R and L Femur:Place the femur on the anterior surface of your thigh, with the linea aspera touching your skin (facing posteriorly). What direction is the head facing? It should be should face medially towards the body.
How to tell R and L Tibia:Place the tibia on the anterior surface of your leg with the tibial tuberosity facing anteriorly (not touching your leg). What side is the medial malleolus on? It should be medial, towards the midline of the body.
How to tell head from malleolus on fibula:The head is flatter on top and the malleolus is pointy at the tip, and the malleolus has its smooth facet more on the side of the bone, instead of on the top. How to tell R from L fibula: Place the smooth facet of the lateral malleolus on a paper and trace just the malleolus. Notice one side is rounded (anterior) and one side is straight (posterior). Now place the smooth facet against your sock at your lateral ankle. The rounded anterior edge should face forward, not backward. 1. The anterior edge of the lateral malleolus is curved. 2. The posterior edge is straight(er)
How to tell medial from lateral facet on patella:Place the patella on the table, facets facing down. The bone will always fall on the side of the lateral facet, with the medial facet not touching the table. Now you can tell which side is the lateral border, and which is a right or left patella.
SKULLCranium (the whole skull except for mandible)Calvarium (lid of the cranium)Anterior, Middle, and Posterior cranial fossa
Frontal bone1. Coronal suture 2. Supraorbital foramen (supraorbital notch)3. Superior orbital fissure4. Inferior orbital fissure (actually, this is part of the sphenoid bone)5. Glabella6. Frontonasal suture7. Frontal sinuses8. Superciliary arch
Occipital bone1. Lambdoidal suture 2. Foramen magnum 3. Occipital condyles4. Hypoglossal canal 5. Inferior nuchal line6. Superior nuchal line
Temporal bones1. External auditory meatus (eternal acoustic meatus)2. Mandibular fossa 3. Tempomandibular joint (TMJ)4. Zygomatic process (don’t write “zygomatic” since that is another bone)5. Styloid process6. Mastoid process7. Stylomastoid foramen8. Squamous portion9. Petrous portion (contains the ear ossicles/bones)10. Jugular foramen 11. Internal auditory meatus (internal acoustic meatus)
Sphenoid bone (know it in the skull and also disarticulated)1. Sella turcica (where the pituitary gland sits)2. Lesser wings 3. Anterior clinoid process4. Greater wings5. Optic foramen (for optic nerve) 6. Pterygoid processes (“wing-like”): Right medial and lateral , left medial and lateral.7. Foramen ovale 8. Foramen spinosum 9. Foramen rotundum )10. Carotid canal 11. Foramen lacerum
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Ethmoid bone (know it in the skull and also disarticulated. Seen in one place in the skull; don’t confuse with vomer)1. Crista galli 2. Cribiform plate (area with holes in it for olfactory nerves)3. Olfactory foramina (the holes in the cribiform plate) 4. Ethmoid sinuses 5. Perpendicular plate6. Middle nasal conchae
Mandible1. Ramus2. angle 3. Body 4. Condylar process (mandibular condyle)5. Mandibular notch6. Coronoid process7. Alveolar process 8. Mandibular foramen9. Mental foramen
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Foramen rotundum
Optic foramen
Foramen magnum
Carotid canal
Foramen lacerum
Internal auditory meatus
Jugular Foramen
Other skull bones:1. Zygomatic bones 2. Nasal bones 3. Lacrimal bones Lacrimal canal4. Vomer bone (seen in two places; don’t confuse with ethmoid bone)
BONES OF THE ORBITSuperior orbit: Frontal boneInferior orbit: MaxillaLateral orbit: Zygomatic boneMedial orbit: EthmoidPosterior orbit: Sphenoid
The zygomatic arch (cheek area) consists of three bones:1) Zygomatic bone2) Zygomatic process of the temporal bone3) Zygomatic process of the maxilla
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ATLAS (Don’t just call it C-1)1. Transverse process2. Transverse foramen3. Anterior tubercle4. Posterior tubercle5. Superior articular process or facet 6. Inferior articular process or facet7. Vertebral foramen
AXIS (Don’t just call it C-2) 1. Dens or odontoid process 2. Superior articular process or facet3. Inferior articular process or facet4. Transverse process5. Transverse foramen6. Spinous process7. Vertebral foramen
CERVICAL VERTEBRAE- 7 of them1. Spinous process2. Transverse process3. Transverse foramen4. Lamina5. Pedicle6. Body7. Vertebral foramen8. Superior articular process9. Inferior articular process
THORACIC VERTEBRAE – 12 of them1. Inferior costal facet for head of rib2. Superior costal facet for head of rib3. Costal facet for tubercle of rib4. Inferior articular process5. Superior articular process6. Transverse process7. Spinous process8. Pedicle9. Lamina10. Body11. Vertebral foramen
LUMBAR VERTEBRAE – 5 of them1. Spinous process2. Transverse process3. Lamina4. Pedicle 5. Body6. Vertebral foramen7. Inferior articular process8. Superior articular process
NOTE: The superior and inferior articular processes of all the vertebrae are the parts of the bone that project outward. There is a smooth facet on each that is covered in cartilage in real life. The smooth part is the articular facet, which is on the process. I will accept either “process” or “facet” since it is difficult to tell which one is labeled with the sticker.
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SACRUM1. Apex (the apex of the sacrum touches the base of the coccyx)2. Sacral promontory (upper lip of sacrum on internal side)3. Sacral foramina4. Median sacral crest5. Lateral sacral crest6. Transverse lines7. Ala8. Superior articular process9. Sacral canal
COCCYX 1. Apex
KNOW THE FOLLOWING ON A VERTEBRAL COLUMN:
1. Intervertebral foramina 2. Intervertebral disc
STERNUMMANUBRIUM
Jugular notch Clavicular notchesCostal notches
BODYCostal notches
XIPHOID PROCESS
RIBS: (Twelve pairs of ribs altogether)Identify 1st Rib and 12th rib
Know the following on a full skeleton only 7 TRUE RIBS 5 FALSE RIBS (2 of these ribs are the floating ribs) 2 FLOATING RIBS COSTAL CARTILAGES
Know the following on a single rib: R or L?1. Head a) superior demifacet b) inferior demifacet2. Neck3. Costal tubercle4. Costal angle (where rib first bends)5. Costal groove (depression in shaft)
HYOID BONE1. Body2. Greater horn3. Lesser horn
How to tell true from false rib:A true rib inserts directly into the sternum (by way of its costal cartilage).A false rib’s costal cartilage inserts into the costal cartilage of the rib above it.Two of the false ribs are floating ribs that have no costal cartilages and do not insert into the sternum at all.
How to tell R from L rib:Place rib on table with groove facing
down, then the head should stick up in the air. The head of the rib is posterior and the
rib should curve laterally. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugirFd7a-mM
