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Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

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The Reaction of the West
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Page 1: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

The Reaction of the WestThe Reaction of the West

Page 2: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

Europe’s Troubles• Truman believed Communism thrived in

economic hardship & poverty– General George Marshall sent to evaluate

European economies– Reported that they were ruined!– Countries owed US $11.5 billion– Extreme shortages of goods, bread rationed– (E) rationed coal, turned off power each day– ‘[Europe is] a rubble heap, a breeding

ground of hate.’• Winston Churchill

Billy Joel’s Nocturne from the early album Cold Spring Harbor

Page 3: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

Marshall Aid

• Marshall’s Plan– Europe needs $17 billion– ‘Our policy is directed against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos.’

• General George Marshall

– Dec 1947: Congress refused to grant $$$ until …

General George Marshall’s speech of June 5th 1947, outlining what would become the ‘Marshall Plan’

Homelessness

Heating Shortages

Refugees

Destroyed Infrastructur

e

Rebuilding Costs

Bread Lines

National Debts

Which of the seven problems above do you think would be the most urgent for Marshall aid to tackle? Explain your choice.

Page 4: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

Czechoslovakia• 1945-48: Czech coalition gov’t,

though including Communists, tried to be independent of Stalin

• March 1948: Anti-soviet leaders purged– Pro-US Minister, Jan Masaryk, found

dead below open window– Hmmmm …– Communists said he jumped …

• Congress accepted Marshall Plan– $17 billion available over 4 years

Now you know what a kung-fu movie sounds like when it is dubbed into German and remixed

Explain how events in both Greece and Czechoslovakia affected American policy in Europe

Page 5: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

Varied Views of Marshall Plan• Generous act

– Largest aid package in US history– Obvious need & suffering in Europe

• Motivated by US self-interest– Wanted new markets for US goods– Wanted to avoid 2nd Great Depression

• Stalin hated Marshall Plan– Refused to participate– Forbade Eastern European countries from

signing up (Poland tried at first)– S believed anti-Communist aims behind

plan was to weaken his hold on E Europe– S saw plan as trying to make as many

countries as possible dependent upon US

Billy Joel’s Shades of Grey from the album River of Dreams

Page 6: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web
Page 7: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

Do these political cartoons support or criticize Marshall Aid? Explain your answer.

Do you think the sources give a fair impression of Marshall Aid? Explain your answer.

Page 8: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

Focus Task: How did the USA react to Soviet expansion?

• You are a high-ranking member of the Soviet Foreign Bureau and an advisor to Stalin. Write a briefing paper on the USA’s plans for Europe. Your report should cover:– President Truman’s plans for Europe– The methods being used by Truman to

resist the spread of Communism– Whether you think the USSR should be

worried

Page 9: Cld War04 B Reaction Ii Web

Fin


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