Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery

Clean Slate DesignClean Slate Designfor Internet Video Deliveryfor Internet Video Delivery

Clean Slate DesignClean Slate Designfor Internet Video Deliveryfor Internet Video Delivery

Bernd GirodBernd GirodXiXiaoqing Zhuaoqing Zhu

Information Systems LaboratoryInformation Systems LaboratoryStanford UniversityStanford University

22B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video Delivery

1.22 MTUR

RTT p

1.22 MTUR

RTT p

How 1B Users Share the InternetHow 1B Users Share the Internet

maximum transfer

unit

roundtrip time

packetloss rate

data rate

[Mahdavi, Floyd, 1997]

[Floyd, Handley, Padhye, Widmer, 2000]

Rate R

Growing congestion

p0.0010.0001 0.10.01

TCP Throughput


Evolving IP Traffic MixEvolving IP Traffic Mix

Elastic traffic : File Sharing, P2P Traffic, www

Low-latency real-time traffic: VoIP, Video-Conferencing, GamingReal-time traffic: Audio-Streaming, Web-Cam-Usage, PVR, Video, TVoDSL

fig

ure

s fo

r G

erm

any o

nly

Revenues:

Real-time traffic

Revenues:

Elastic traffic

97%

80%

63%

45%

23%11%

11%

16%

20%

71% 89%

9%21%

35% 33%19%

4%

43%

1%1% 7%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

97%

80%

63%

45%

23%11%

11%

16%

20%

71% 89%

9%21%

35% 33%19%

4%

43%

1%1% 7%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Revenues

[Mio

USD

]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Source: IP 2010, IDC, ScreenDigest, Ovum, DETECON


Outline of this TalkOutline of this Talk

• Resource allocation for video streaming• Distribution of video over wireless home networks• Centralized resource allocation• Fairness anomalies in CSMA/CA WLANs• Cross-layer distributed resource allocation


0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 400024

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44Y-

PSNR

in d

B

encoding rate in kbps

mobile

foreman

How 2 Videos Share a LinkHow 2 Videos Share a Link

Foreman

Mobile

Goodpicturequality

Badpicturequality

C = 4 Mbps

Same rate:• TCP-friendly “fair” sharing• Media-oblivious• Unbalanced quality

Same quality:• Media-aware resource allocation• Better utilization of bandwidth

Maximum Total Utility:• Media-aware resource allocation• Must know utility function• Pareto equal-slope condition


Distribution of TV over WLANDistribution of TV over WLAN

6 Mbps

12 Mbps

54 Mbps

Home MediaGateway

HDTVtablet

SDTV


Distribution of TV over WLANDistribution of TV over WLAN

DecoderTranscoder

Controller

Wireless terminals

NetworkInterfaceTranscoder

Transcoder

…

…

…

Decoder

Decoder

…

c0

c1

cM

0

1

M

0

1

M

Receiver

(Multi-Channel)

[Kalman, van Beek, Girod 2005]


1 2 3 4 55

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

time in seconds

Y-P

SN

R in

dB

Dynamic Estimation of R-D CurveDynamic Estimation of R-D Curve

Parameters track weighted average of last I-Frame, P-Frame and B-Frame

Scene cuts

[Stuhlmüller et al. 2000]

00

D DR R

0

0

D DR R

R-D Model

Rate


0 5 10 15 20 25 300

2000

4000

ch

an

ne

l ca

pa

city

in

kb

s

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

0.5

1

ch

an

ne

l-tim

e

allo

ca

tio

n

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

1000

2000

tra

nsco

de

d

rate

in

kb

ps

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

5

10

15

ba

cklo

g in

fra

me

s

0 5 10 15 20 25 3010

20

30

40

50

Y-P

SN

R

in

dB

time in seconds

Mean PSNR: 31 dB

802.11b Transmission of 2 Video Streams802.11b Transmission of 2 Video Streams

Linkrates

[kbps]

Channeltime

allocation

Transcoderbit-rate[kbps]

Backlogin frames

PSNRin dB


Wireless Video NetworkingWireless Video Networking

Distributed protocol needed


UDP ThroughputUDP Throughput

54Mbps

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

Stream 2

Stream 1

6 ~ 54 Mbps


TCP ThroughputTCP Throughput

54Mbps

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

Stream 2

Stream 1

6 ~ 54 Mbps


Distributed Resource Allocation in Distributed Resource Allocation in Wireless Mesh NetworksWireless Mesh Networks

DST1

SRC1

DST2

SRC2

Link state monitorFlows, link speeds, and

advertized rates in interference set



DST1

SRC1

DST2

SRC2

Link state monitorFlows, link speeds, and

advertized rates in interference set

Interference set:All links that can overheardby Tx or Rx node of a link



DST1

SRC1

DST2

SRC2

Rate control agentAdjust trade-off

between utility and congestion

Packet header:• Advertize rate• Collect link states

ACK packets:• report received packets• report congestion


Distributed vs. Centralized Rate ControlDistributed vs. Centralized Rate Control

A

B

C

54Mbps

6…54 Mbps

54Mbps


Wireless Streaming of HDTV and SDTVWireless Streaming of HDTV and SDTV

54Mbps

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )

Stream 2

Stream 1

6 Mbps

Harbor (HDTV 1280x720p, 60fps)

Ice (SDTV/4CIF 704x576p, 30fps)


Cross-Layer Allocation: 41.3 dB TFRC: 43.8 dB

1919B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video DeliveryTFRC: 32.0 dB

2020B. Girod, X. Zhu: Clean Slate Design for Internet Video DeliveryCross-Layer Allocation: 37.3 dB


Cross-Layer AllocationTFRC


Lessons for Clean Slate DesignLessons for Clean Slate Design• TCP/TFRC resource allocation can be improved

– by incorporating application’s utility functions– by network-awareness

• Distributed rate allocation: – Monitor and report link states to the sender– For wireless, not enough to monitor links along route– Rate advertising greatly improves convergence– Utility function only needed at the source

The EndThe EndThe EndThe Endhttp://www.stanford.edu/~bgirod/publications.htmlhttp://www.stanford.edu/~bgirod/publications.html

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