CLEANER PRODUCTON CLEANER PRODUCTON TECHNOLOGIES IN TECHNOLOGIES IN TEXTILE CHEMICAL TEXTILE CHEMICAL

PROCESSINGPROCESSING

R.B.CHAVANR.B.CHAVAN

FORMER PROFESSOR, I I T DELHIFORMER PROFESSOR, I I T DELHI

CONSULTANTCONSULTANT

MGIRI, WARDHAMGIRI, WARDHA

E-MAIL E-MAIL rbchavan@hotmail.comrbchavan@hotmail.com

PRESENT CONCEPTPRESENT CONCEPT

POLLUTERS MUST PAYPOLLUTERS MUST PAY CRADLE TO GRAVE CRADLE TO GRAVE WOMB TO TOMBWOMB TO TOMB NOT ONLY FINAL PRODUCT BE ECO FRIENDLYNOT ONLY FINAL PRODUCT BE ECO FRIENDLY RAW MATERIALS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, RAW MATERIALS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES,

PACKAGING, ECO FRENDLY EVEN AFTER PACKAGING, ECO FRENDLY EVEN AFTER DIPOSALDIPOSAL

MEET EMS 14000 AND SAS 1800 STANDARDSMEET EMS 14000 AND SAS 1800 STANDARDS ECO FRIENDLY PRODUCTS INDENTIFIED BY ECO FRIENDLY PRODUCTS INDENTIFIED BY

ECO LABLESECO LABLES GREEN MINDED CONSUMER PREFER ECO GREEN MINDED CONSUMER PREFER ECO

PRODUCTS EVEN AT HIGH COSTPRODUCTS EVEN AT HIGH COST

THREE ECOLOGIESTHREE ECOLOGIES

PRODDUCTION ECOLOGYPRODDUCTION ECOLOGY

USER ECOLOGYUSER ECOLOGY

DISPOSAL ECOLOGYDISPOSAL ECOLOGY

PRODUCTION ECOLOGYPRODUCTION ECOLOGY

COMPRISES OFCOMPRISES OF CULTIVATION AND HARVESTING OF NATURAL CULTIVATION AND HARVESTING OF NATURAL

FIBRESFIBRES THE MANUFACTURE OF REGENERATED AND THE MANUFACTURE OF REGENERATED AND

SYNTHETIC FIBRESSYNTHETIC FIBRES

SPINNING, WEAVING, KNITTINGSPINNING, WEAVING, KNITTING

TEXTILE CHEMICAL PROCESSINGTEXTILE CHEMICAL PROCESSING

GARMENT MANUFACTUREGARMENT MANUFACTURE

PACKINGPACKING

USER AND DISPOSAL ECOLOGYUSER AND DISPOSAL ECOLOGY

USER ECOLOGY REFERS TOUSER ECOLOGY REFERS TO AESTHETICS AESTHETICS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS EFFECTS OF TEXTILES ON HUMAN BODY.EFFECTS OF TEXTILES ON HUMAN BODY.

DISPOSAL ECOLOGY REFERS TODISPOSAL ECOLOGY REFERS TO DISPOSAL OF TEXTILES AFTER USEDISPOSAL OF TEXTILES AFTER USE RECYCLING, RECYCLING, COMPOSTING, COMPOSTING, DUMPING, DUMPING, INCINERATION INCINERATION LEAST POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT . LEAST POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT .

ECO FIBRESECO FIBRES

CONVENTIONAL COTTONCONVENTIONAL COTTON CONVENTIONAL COTTON IS NOT ECO CONVENTIONAL COTTON IS NOT ECO

FRIENDLYFRIENDLY USE OF FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDES USE OF FERTILIZERS, PESTICIDES

AND AND VARIOUS CROPS RELATED VARIOUS CROPS RELATED CHEMICALS CHEMICALS DURING COTTON DURING COTTON CULTIVATION.CULTIVATION.

PRESENCE OF THESE CHEMICALS AS PRESENCE OF THESE CHEMICALS AS RESIDUE ON COTTON BOLLSRESIDUE ON COTTON BOLLS

WASHED AWAY DURING PREPARATORY WASHED AWAY DURING PREPARATORY PROCESSESPROCESSES

WATER POLLUTIONWATER POLLUTION

COTTON CULTIVATED WITHOUT USING COTTON CULTIVATED WITHOUT USING FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES AND OTHER FERTILIZERS PESTICIDES AND OTHER CHEMICALS (ORGANIC FARMING)CHEMICALS (ORGANIC FARMING)

RESIDUE OF THESE CHEMICALS RESIDUE OF THESE CHEMICALS REMOVED DURING FIRST TWO SEASONS REMOVED DURING FIRST TWO SEASONS OF CULTIVATIONOF CULTIVATION

COTTON FROM THIRD SEASON COTTON FROM THIRD SEASON ONWARDS IS ECO FRIENDLYONWARDS IS ECO FRIENDLY

INDENTIFIED BY LOGOSINDENTIFIED BY LOGOS ORGANIC COTTONORGANIC COTTON GREEN COTTONGREEN COTTON NATURAL COTTONNATURAL COTTON

ECO FRIENDLY COTTONECO FRIENDLY COTTON

ORGANIC COTTONORGANIC COTTON

NATURALLY COLOURED COTTONNATURALLY COLOURED COTTON

CULTIVATION SINCE ANCIENT TIMECULTIVATION SINCE ANCIENT TIME PISTA GREEN, BROWN ARE POPULAR PISTA GREEN, BROWN ARE POPULAR

COLOURSCOLOURS NOT POPULAR ON COMMERCIAL SCALENOT POPULAR ON COMMERCIAL SCALE LOW STAPLE LENGTHLOW STAPLE LENGTH INFERIOR STRENGTHINFERIOR STRENGTH POOR SPINABILITYPOOR SPINABILITY REVIVAL OF NATURALLY COLOUR COTTON REVIVAL OF NATURALLY COLOUR COTTON

CULTIVATIONCULTIVATION NO CHEMICAL PROCESSING REQUIREDNO CHEMICAL PROCESSING REQUIRED ELIMINATE POLLUTION CAUSED DURING ELIMINATE POLLUTION CAUSED DURING

CHEMICAL PROCESSINGCHEMICAL PROCESSING

LYOCELLLYOCELL

REGENERATED CELLULOSEREGENERATED CELLULOSE

N-METHYL MORPHOLINE OXIDE N-METHYL MORPHOLINE OXIDE SOLVENTSOLVENT

SOLVENT IS TOTALLY RECOVERED, SOLVENT IS TOTALLY RECOVERED, PURIFIED AND RECYCLEDPURIFIED AND RECYCLED

BIO DEGRADABLE POLYESTERBIO DEGRADABLE POLYESTER

ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY CORN FIBREENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY CORN FIBRE DEVELOPED BY KANEBO SPINNING AND KANEBO DEVELOPED BY KANEBO SPINNING AND KANEBO

GOHSEN OF JAPANGOHSEN OF JAPAN TRADE NAME LACTRON (POLY-LACTIDE)TRADE NAME LACTRON (POLY-LACTIDE) PRODUCED FROM POLYMERIZATION OF LACTIC ACIDPRODUCED FROM POLYMERIZATION OF LACTIC ACID LACTIC ACID-FERMENTATION OF CORN STARCHLACTIC ACID-FERMENTATION OF CORN STARCH FIBRE COMPARABLE IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TO FIBRE COMPARABLE IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TO

PETROLEUM BASED POLYESTER AND NYLONPETROLEUM BASED POLYESTER AND NYLON EXCEPT LOW MELTING POINT 175EXCEPT LOW MELTING POINT 175OO C C

  

ENVIRONMENTALLY CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTALLY CHEMICAL PROCESSINGPROCESSING

Input / output analysis of Textile chemical Processes

Textile Auxiliaries

Dyes

Base chemicals(e.g. acid, Alkali, sodium chloride)

Textile EnergyNatural Fibres; 10-20 MJ/kg

Chemical Fibres: 5-50 MJ/kg

Water60-360 l/kg textile

Polluted Air

Water Effluent

WasteSewage sludge:

60-70 g/kg textile

Wet Processing (pre-treatment,

dyeing, printing, finishing.)

ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY DYEINGENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY DYEING DYE CLASSES FOR CELLULOSICDYE CLASSES FOR CELLULOSIC REACTIVEREACTIVE VATVAT DIRECTDIRECT AZOICAZOIC SULPHURSULPHUR

EFFLUENTEFFLUENT RESIDUAL DYERESIDUAL DYE SALTSALT ALKALIALKALI REDUCING AGENTREDUCING AGENT OXIDIZING AGENTOXIDIZING AGENT DETERGENTDETERGENT

REACTIVE DYESREACTIVE DYES

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM

COLOUR IN EFFLUENTCOLOUR IN EFFLUENT

SALT IN EFFLUENTSALT IN EFFLUENT

METHODS FOR LOW COLOUR IN METHODS FOR LOW COLOUR IN EFFLUENTEFFLUENT

USE OF HIGH FIXATION BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYESUSE OF HIGH FIXATION BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYES

DYEING AT LOW LIQUOR RATIODYEING AT LOW LIQUOR RATIO

CAREFUL FOLLOW UP OF DYESTUFF MANUFACTURERS RECOMMENDATION CAREFUL FOLLOW UP OF DYESTUFF MANUFACTURERS RECOMMENDATION

FOR DYEING CONDITIONS FOR OPTIMUM DYE FIXATIONFOR DYEING CONDITIONS FOR OPTIMUM DYE FIXATION

RIGHT FIRST TIME APPROACH TO AVOIDRIGHT FIRST TIME APPROACH TO AVOID

SHADING ADDITIONS SHADING ADDITIONS

STRIPPING AND REDYEING OF OFF SHADESSTRIPPING AND REDYEING OF OFF SHADES

BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYESBIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYES

HOMO BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE HOMO BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYESDYES

HETRO BICUNTIONAL REACTIVE HETRO BICUNTIONAL REACTIVE DYESDYES

HIGH EXHAUSTION AND HIGH HIGH EXHAUSTION AND HIGH FIXATIONFIXATION

LOW SALT REACTIVE DYESLOW SALT REACTIVE DYES

SALT REQUIREMENTSALT REQUIREMENTCONVENTIONAL REACTIVE DYES 60-80 g/lCONVENTIONAL REACTIVE DYES 60-80 g/l

LOW SALT REACTIVE DYESLOW SALT REACTIVE DYES 20 g/l20 g/l

FEATURES (FEATURES (CIBACRON LS)CIBACRON LS) BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYESBIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYES TWO CHROMOPHORES CONTRIBUTE HIGH TWO CHROMOPHORES CONTRIBUTE HIGH

AFFINITY AND HIGH COLOUR STRENGTHAFFINITY AND HIGH COLOUR STRENGTH HIGH FIXATIONHIGH FIXATION STABLE DYE-FIBRE BONDSTABLE DYE-FIBRE BOND

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF LOW SALT GENERAL STRUCTURE OF LOW SALT REACTIVE DYESREACTIVE DYES

CHROMOPH-ORE

CHROMOPHORE

BRID-GE

REACT-IVE

GROUP

REACT-IVE

GROUP

ADVANTAGES OF HIGH DYE FIXATIONADVANTAGES OF HIGH DYE FIXATION

Conventional dyes60 % fixation

Cibacron LS (bireactive)

80 % fixation

200 gm into the waste water

800 gm on the fibre

1 kg dye

+ 33% %

- 50% %

1 kg dye

600 gm on the fibre

400 gm into the waste water

EFFECT OF SALT ON ENVIRONMENTEFFECT OF SALT ON ENVIRONMENT

EFFLUENT TREATMENT REMOVES ONLY SMALL EFFLUENT TREATMENT REMOVES ONLY SMALL QUANTITY OF SALTQUANTITY OF SALT

MAJOR QUANTITY OF SALT REMAINS IN WATERMAJOR QUANTITY OF SALT REMAINS IN WATER RIVERS AND LAKES GET POLLUTED WITH RIVERS AND LAKES GET POLLUTED WITH

EFFLUENT CONTAINING HIGH SALT EFFLUENT CONTAINING HIGH SALT CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION

FRESH WATER ORGANISMS CAN SUFFER TOXIC FRESH WATER ORGANISMS CAN SUFFER TOXIC EFFECTSEFFECTS

IN REGIONS WITH SCARCE FRESH WATER IN REGIONS WITH SCARCE FRESH WATER RESOURCES SUCH WASTE WATER HAS TO BE RESOURCES SUCH WASTE WATER HAS TO BE USED FOR LAND IRRIGATIONUSED FOR LAND IRRIGATION

REDUCTION IN LAND FERTILITY AND REDUCTION IN LAND FERTILITY AND ULTIMATELY HAVE TO BE ABONDONEDULTIMATELY HAVE TO BE ABONDONED

APPROACHES TO SOLVE PROBLEMS OF APPROACHES TO SOLVE PROBLEMS OF SALT LOADSALT LOAD

DYEING AT LOWEST POSSIBLE LIQUOR DYEING AT LOWEST POSSIBLE LIQUOR RATIORATIO

USING DYE CLASSES OTHER THAN USING DYE CLASSES OTHER THAN REACTIVE SUCH AS VAT REQUIRING REACTIVE SUCH AS VAT REQUIRING LOW SALT CONCENTRATION FOR LOW SALT CONCENTRATION FOR DYEINGDYEING

USING REACTIVE DYES GIVING HIGH USING REACTIVE DYES GIVING HIGH EXHAUSTION AND FIXATION AT LOW EXHAUSTION AND FIXATION AT LOW SALT CONCENTRATIONSALT CONCENTRATION

ECO FRIENDLY REDUCING AGENTS FOR VAT ECO FRIENDLY REDUCING AGENTS FOR VAT DYESDYES

SODIUM HYDROSULPHITE IS UNIVERSALLY SODIUM HYDROSULPHITE IS UNIVERSALLY

USEDUSED

DURING DYEING CONVERSION TO SULPHITE DURING DYEING CONVERSION TO SULPHITE AND SULPHATEAND SULPHATE

SULPHITE IS TOXIC TO FISH AND BACTERIASULPHITE IS TOXIC TO FISH AND BACTERIA

SULPHATE IS NON-TOXIC TO FISH AND SULPHATE IS NON-TOXIC TO FISH AND BACTERIA IT MAY CAUSE CORROSION OF BACTERIA IT MAY CAUSE CORROSION OF CONCRETE PIPESCONCRETE PIPES

ALTERNATE REDUCING SYSTEMSALTERNATE REDUCING SYSTEMS

HYDROXY ACETONEHYDROXY ACETONE CAN TOTALLY REPLACE CAN TOTALLY REPLACE

HYDROSULPHITEHYDROSULPHITE

BIO-COMPATIBLEBIO-COMPATIBLE

GIVE 20% HIGHER COLOUR YIELD GIVE 20% HIGHER COLOUR YIELD

WITH INDIGOWITH INDIGO

EXPENSIVEEXPENSIVE

NOT READILY AVAILABLENOT READILY AVAILABLE

YET TO COMMERCIALIZEYET TO COMMERCIALIZE

ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTIONELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION

DIRECT REDUCTION OF DYE BY DIRECT REDUCTION OF DYE BY CONTACT BETWEEN DYE DISPERSION CONTACT BETWEEN DYE DISPERSION AND ELECTRODEAND ELECTRODE

ADDITION OF SMALL QUANTITY OF ADDITION OF SMALL QUANTITY OF HYDROSULPHITE IS ESSENTIAL TO HYDROSULPHITE IS ESSENTIAL TO MAINTAIN DYE IN REDUCED STATEMAINTAIN DYE IN REDUCED STATE

METHOD PRODUCES LIGHTER SHADE METHOD PRODUCES LIGHTER SHADE COMPARED TO HYDRO SULPHITECOMPARED TO HYDRO SULPHITE

IRON COMPLEXESIRON COMPLEXES

USE OF Fe(OH)USE OF Fe(OH)22 AS REDUCING AGENT AS REDUCING AGENT

COPPERAS METHOD KNOWN FOR LONG FOR DYEING COPPERAS METHOD KNOWN FOR LONG FOR DYEING

OF INDIGOOF INDIGO

USE OF FeSO4 AND Ca(OH)2USE OF FeSO4 AND Ca(OH)2

Fe(OH)2 HAS VERY LOW WATER SOLUBILITYFe(OH)2 HAS VERY LOW WATER SOLUBILITY

PRECIPITATES IN DYEBATHN NO REPRODUCIBLE PRECIPITATES IN DYEBATHN NO REPRODUCIBLE

RESULTSRESULTS

NOT SUITABLE FOR VAT DYES OTHER THAN INDIGONOT SUITABLE FOR VAT DYES OTHER THAN INDIGO

USE OF GLUCONIC ACID IS SUGGESTED IN GERMAN USE OF GLUCONIC ACID IS SUGGESTED IN GERMAN

LITERATURE FOR ENHANCING SOLUBILITY OF Fe(OH)2LITERATURE FOR ENHANCING SOLUBILITY OF Fe(OH)2

GLUCONIC ACID IS EXPENSIVEGLUCONIC ACID IS EXPENSIVE

STUDY AT IIT DELHISTUDY AT IIT DELHIR.B.chavan, J.N.chakrabortyR.B.chavan, J.N.chakraborty

USE OF CITRIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID AND USE OF CITRIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID AND TRIETHANOL AMINE TO ENHANCE TRIETHANOL AMINE TO ENHANCE SOLUBILITY OF Fe(OH)2SOLUBILITY OF Fe(OH)2

REDUCTION POTENTIAL HIGHER THAN REDUCTION POTENTIAL HIGHER THAN HYDRO SYLPHITEHYDRO SYLPHITE

DYE REDUCTION AND DYEING AT ROOM DYE REDUCTION AND DYEING AT ROOM TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

COLOUR YIELD AND FASTNESS PROPERTIES COLOUR YIELD AND FASTNESS PROPERTIES COMPARABLE TO HYDROSULPHITECOMPARABLE TO HYDROSULPHITE

TOTAL REPLACEMENT OF HYDROSULPHITETOTAL REPLACEMENT OF HYDROSULPHITE ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND ENERGY ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND ENERGY

SAVING SYSTEMSAVING SYSTEM

SULPHUR DYESSULPHUR DYES

NaNa22S IS COMMONLY USED REDUCING S IS COMMONLY USED REDUCING AGENTAGENT

NO ODOUR NUISANCE ABOVE pH 9NO ODOUR NUISANCE ABOVE pH 9 LIBERATION OF H2S UNDER ACID LIBERATION OF H2S UNDER ACID

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS FOUL SMELL OF ROTTEN EGGSFOUL SMELL OF ROTTEN EGGS TOXIC WHEN INHALEDTOXIC WHEN INHALED ODOUR THRESHOLD LIMIT 10 ppmODOUR THRESHOLD LIMIT 10 ppm TOXIC TO FISHTOXIC TO FISH

OXIDATIONOXIDATION

USE OF HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS USE OF HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS LIKE BROMATE, IODATE PRODUCE LIKE BROMATE, IODATE PRODUCE ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS RESPONSIBLE FOR ADSORBABLE RESPONSIBLE FOR ADSORBABLE ORGANIC HALOGEN (AOX)ORGANIC HALOGEN (AOX)

AOX IS TOXIC TO AQUATIC LIFEAOX IS TOXIC TO AQUATIC LIFE

DICHROMATE IS MORE RISKY, HEALTH DICHROMATE IS MORE RISKY, HEALTH HAZARDSHAZARDS

SAFE OXIDIZING AGENT IS HSAFE OXIDIZING AGENT IS H22OO22

NaNa22S REPLACEMENTS REPLACEMENT

ββ – MERCAPTOETHANOL MARKETED BY – MERCAPTOETHANOL MARKETED BY

BASF AS MOLESCAL SFBASF AS MOLESCAL SF LOWER COLOUR YIELD COMPARED TO LOWER COLOUR YIELD COMPARED TO

Na2SNa2S INCOMPLETE DISSOLUTION OF SOME INCOMPLETE DISSOLUTION OF SOME

SULPHUR DYESSULPHUR DYES SUITABLE FOR LIMITED RANGE OF SUITABLE FOR LIMITED RANGE OF

SULPHUR DYESSULPHUR DYES COSTLYCOSTLY

GLUCOSEGLUCOSE

CAN BE USED AS REDUCING AGENT CAN BE USED AS REDUCING AGENT FOR SULPHUR DYESFOR SULPHUR DYES

CENTURY MILL (MUMBAI) HAS CENTURY MILL (MUMBAI) HAS SUCCESSFULLY REPLACED Na2S WITH SUCCESSFULLY REPLACED Na2S WITH GLUCOSE ON INDUSTRIAL SCALEGLUCOSE ON INDUSTRIAL SCALE

HYDROL, VISCOUS LIQUID AVAILABLE HYDROL, VISCOUS LIQUID AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLY AT LOW COSTCOMMERCIALLY AT LOW COST

WRINKLE FREE FINISHINGWRINKLE FREE FINISHING LOW FORMALDEHYDE BASED CROSS LINKING LOW FORMALDEHYDE BASED CROSS LINKING

AGENTSAGENTS DMDHEU, ETHERIFIED DMDHEUDMDHEU, ETHERIFIED DMDHEU

FORMALDEHYDE ISFORMALDEHYDE IS CARCINOGENICCARCINOGENIC KNOWN TO HAVE DERMATITIS EFFECTKNOWN TO HAVE DERMATITIS EFFECT RELEASE OF FORMALDEHYDE VAPOURS DURINGRELEASE OF FORMALDEHYDE VAPOURS DURING FINISHING PROCESSES FINISHING PROCESSES SUBSEQUENT STORAGE SUBSEQUENT STORAGE USE OF FINISHED PRODUCTS USE OF FINISHED PRODUCTS WORLD WIDE CONCERN ON ITS IMPACT ON WORLD WIDE CONCERN ON ITS IMPACT ON

HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT RELEASE OF FORMALDEHYDE IS RESTRICTED RELEASE OF FORMALDEHYDE IS RESTRICTED

TO 20-PPM LEVEL. TO 20-PPM LEVEL.

CONTROL OF FORMALDEHYDE RELEASECONTROL OF FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE

AFTER WASH OF CURED FABRIC/GARMENTAFTER WASH OF CURED FABRIC/GARMENT

ADDITION OF FORMALDEHYDE ACCEPTORS ADDITION OF FORMALDEHYDE ACCEPTORS OR SCAVENGERS OR SCAVENGERS SUCH AS UREA, SUCH AS UREA, CARBOHYDRIZIDE TO THE FINISHING BATH.CARBOHYDRIZIDE TO THE FINISHING BATH.

        MODIFICATION OF DMDHEU WITH ALCOHOL MODIFICATION OF DMDHEU WITH ALCOHOL

TO PRODUCE ETHERIFIED DMDHEU e.g. TO PRODUCE ETHERIFIED DMDHEU e.g.

TREATMENT OF DMDHEU WITH DIETHYLENE TREATMENT OF DMDHEU WITH DIETHYLENE GLYCOL OR 2-PROPANEDIOL.GLYCOL OR 2-PROPANEDIOL.

POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS (PCA) AS POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS (PCA) AS CROSS LINKING AGENTSCROSS LINKING AGENTS

USE OF BUTANE TETRA CARBOXYLIC ACID USE OF BUTANE TETRA CARBOXYLIC ACID (BTCA(BTCA))

SODIUM HYPO PHOSPHITE AS CATALYSTSODIUM HYPO PHOSPHITE AS CATALYST HIGH LEVEL OF WRINKLE RESISTANCEHIGH LEVEL OF WRINKLE RESISTANCE GOOD STRENGTH RETENTIONGOOD STRENGTH RETENTION GOOD DURABILITY TO HOME LAUNDERINGSGOOD DURABILITY TO HOME LAUNDERINGS EXCEEDINGLY HIGH COSTEXCEEDINGLY HIGH COST   ECONOMICAL SUBSTITUTEECONOMICAL SUBSTITUTE CITRIC ACID (TRI-CARBOXYLIC ACID)CITRIC ACID (TRI-CARBOXYLIC ACID) LESS EFFECTIVELESS EFFECTIVE LESS DURABLELESS DURABLE YELLOWING PROBLEMYELLOWING PROBLEM

OTHER CARBOXYLIC ACIDSOTHER CARBOXYLIC ACIDSPCA OTHER THAN BTCAPCA OTHER THAN BTCA

CITRIC ACID, MALEIC ACID, SUCCINIC ACIDCITRIC ACID, MALEIC ACID, SUCCINIC ACID

GIVE CRA IN THE RANGE OF 285GIVE CRA IN THE RANGE OF 285

DP RATING 4.3 - 4.7DP RATING 4.3 - 4.7

VARIATION IN DURABILITY TO ALKALINE VARIATION IN DURABILITY TO ALKALINE

WASHINGWASHING

  ORDER OF DURABILITY ORDER OF DURABILITY

  

BTCA > CA > MALEIC ACID > SUCCINIC ACIDBTCA > CA > MALEIC ACID > SUCCINIC ACID

DEMERITS OF PCA FINISHDEMERITS OF PCA FINISH PHOSPHATE CATALYSTS NON ECO FRIENDLYPHOSPHATE CATALYSTS NON ECO FRIENDLY

      MOST EFFECTIVE IS SODIUM HYPO PHOSPHITEMOST EFFECTIVE IS SODIUM HYPO PHOSPHITE

        EXPENSIVEEXPENSIVE

        MILDMILD REDUCING AGENT REDUCING AGENT

        AFFECT SULPHUR AND REACTIVE DYESAFFECT SULPHUR AND REACTIVE DYES

CONSUME LARGE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN FROM CONSUME LARGE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN FROM

WATERWATER

    INFLUENCE AQUATIC LIFEINFLUENCE AQUATIC LIFE

RECENT ATTEMPTS TO USE TRI SODIUM CITRATE OR RECENT ATTEMPTS TO USE TRI SODIUM CITRATE OR COMBINATION OF SODIUM OXALATE AND SODIUM COMBINATION OF SODIUM OXALATE AND SODIUM FORMATEFORMATE

SAFE TO SULPHUR AND REACTIVE DYESSAFE TO SULPHUR AND REACTIVE DYES

SAFE TO AQUATIC LIFESAFE TO AQUATIC LIFE

SUMMARY OF PCA FINISHSUMMARY OF PCA FINISH

HIGH COSTHIGH COST

NON ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY CATALYSTNON ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY CATALYST

YELLOWINGYELLOWING

THESE PROBLEMS ARE UNDER THESE PROBLEMS ARE UNDER

INVESTIGATIONINVESTIGATION

SOME HAVE BEEN SATISFACTORILY SOLVEDSOME HAVE BEEN SATISFACTORILY SOLVED

IN NEAR FUTURE PCA WOULD REPLACE IN NEAR FUTURE PCA WOULD REPLACE

CONVENTIONAL DMDHEU BASED CROSS CONVENTIONAL DMDHEU BASED CROSS

LINKING AGENTSLINKING AGENTS

BIO FINISHINGBIO FINISHING

APPLICATION OF CELLULASE APPLICATION OF CELLULASE ENZYMES FOR ENZYMES FOR

FINISHING OF FINISHING OF CELLULOSIC FABRICS AND CELLULOSIC FABRICS AND

GARMENTSGARMENTS

CONCEPT DEVELOPED IN 1980’SCONCEPT DEVELOPED IN 1980’S

PRESENT MAJOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONPRESENT MAJOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

WASH DOWN OR WORN OUT LOOK (STONE WASH DOWN OR WORN OUT LOOK (STONE

WASH) ON INDIGO DYED DENIMWASH) ON INDIGO DYED DENIM

PROCESS KNOWN AS BIOSTONINGPROCESS KNOWN AS BIOSTONING

ENZYME TYPESENZYME TYPES

1.  ACID STABLE 1.  ACID STABLE (pH 4.5-5.5)(pH 4.5-5.5)

2.  NEUTRAL 2.  NEUTRAL (pH 6.5-7)(pH 6.5-7)

3.  ALKALI STABLE 3.  ALKALI STABLE (pH 9-10) (pH 9-10)

  

TEMPERATURE RANGE TEMPERATURE RANGE 40-6040-60ooCC

  

BIO POLISHINGBIO POLISHING TREATMENT WITH CELLULASE ENZYMTREATMENT WITH CELLULASE ENZYMEE PARTIAL SURFACE HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSEPARTIAL SURFACE HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE WEIGHT LOSS 3-5%WEIGHT LOSS 3-5% STRENGTH LOSS 2-7%STRENGTH LOSS 2-7% MERCERIZATION ENHANCES THE RATE OF MERCERIZATION ENHANCES THE RATE OF

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSISENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS MOST POPULAR FOR BIOSTONING OF INDIGO MOST POPULAR FOR BIOSTONING OF INDIGO

DYED GARMENTSDYED GARMENTS ELIMINATES OR DECREASES QUANTITY OF PUMICE ELIMINATES OR DECREASES QUANTITY OF PUMICE

STONES THAT CAUSE DAMAGE TO MACHINESTONES THAT CAUSE DAMAGE TO MACHINE AVOIDS OCCURRENCE OF PUMICE DUST IN AVOIDS OCCURRENCE OF PUMICE DUST IN

ENVIRONMENT AND IN GARMENT CREATING ENVIRONMENT AND IN GARMENT CREATING HARSH HANDLEHARSH HANDLE

NEUTRAL CELLULSES ARE PREFERRED FOR NEUTRAL CELLULSES ARE PREFERRED FOR BIOSTONING.BIOSTONING.

IDENTIFICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY IDENTIFICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY TEXTILESTEXTILES

SAFE TEXTILES FOR HEALTH AND SAFE TEXTILES FOR HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

DECIDED BY ECO PARAMETERS AND DECIDED BY ECO PARAMETERS AND ECO NORMSECO NORMS

ECO NORMS PUBLISHED BY VARIOUS ECO NORMS PUBLISHED BY VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS

IDENTIFICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY IDENTIFICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY TEXTILESTEXTILES

EFFORTS MADE BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIAEFFORTS MADE BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Regulatory MeasuresRegulatory MeasuresProhibition on the use of carcinogenic azo dyes Prohibition on the use of carcinogenic azo dyes

Evolution of eco standards and logo for eco-friendly textiles.Evolution of eco standards and logo for eco-friendly textiles.

   Developmental EffortsDevelopmental Efforts

             Organization of educative seminars, Organization of educative seminars, workshops and camps to workshops and camps to inculcate the eco-friendly inculcate the eco-friendly concepts among the industry and concepts among the industry and consumer.consumer.

             Assistance to be provided by Textile Research Assistance to be provided by Textile Research Associations Associations and Textile Committee to textile units for and Textile Committee to textile units for securing ISO 9000 Quality System Certification and ISO securing ISO 9000 Quality System Certification and ISO 14000 Environment Management System 14000 Environment Management System Certification.Certification.

       Technology upgradation fund (TUF), for Technology upgradation fund (TUF), for modernization modernization of of textile industry textile industry

                setting of eco testing laboratories on all India basis setting of eco testing laboratories on all India basis

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIESCLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

DYEINGDYEING USE OF BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYES USE OF BIFUNCTIONAL REACTIVE DYES

FOR LOW COLOUR IN EFFLUENTFOR LOW COLOUR IN EFFLUENT USE OF LOW SALT REACTIVE DYES FOR USE OF LOW SALT REACTIVE DYES FOR

REDUCTION OF SALT IN EFFLUENTREDUCTION OF SALT IN EFFLUENT REPLACEMENT OF Na2S WITH GLUCOSE REPLACEMENT OF Na2S WITH GLUCOSE

IN SULPHUR DYEINGIN SULPHUR DYEING

REPLACEMENT OF HYDROSULPHITE IN REPLACEMENT OF HYDROSULPHITE IN VAT DYEING BYVAT DYEING BY

IRON COMPLEXESIRON COMPLEXES ELECTROCHEMCAL REDUCTION METHODELECTROCHEMCAL REDUCTION METHOD

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

FINSHINGFINSHING USE OF LOW FORMALDEHYDE DMDHEUUSE OF LOW FORMALDEHYDE DMDHEU

POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID BASED FINISHES POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID BASED FINISHES COMMERCIALLY NOT YET SUCESSFULCOMMERCIALLY NOT YET SUCESSFUL

ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS WITH SODIUM ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS WITH SODIUM HYPO PHOSPHITE CATALYSTHYPO PHOSPHITE CATALYST

SILICONE SOFTNERS ARE ENVRONMENT SILICONE SOFTNERS ARE ENVRONMENT FRIENDLYFRIENDLY

BIO-FINISHING OF DENIM WELL ESTABLISHEDBIO-FINISHING OF DENIM WELL ESTABLISHED

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

IDENTIFICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY IDENTIFICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY TEXTILESTEXTILES

ECO-FRIENDLY LABELS, LOGOS BASED ON ECO-FRIENDLY LABELS, LOGOS BASED ON ECO PARAMETERSECO PARAMETERS

EFFORTS MADE BY MINISTRY OF EFFORTS MADE BY MINISTRY OF TEXTILESTEXTILES

AWARENESS CREATIONAWARENESS CREATION SETTING UP OF ECO TESTING LABORATORIESSETTING UP OF ECO TESTING LABORATORIES MODERNIZATION FUNDSMODERNIZATION FUNDS