1

CLEOCLEOCisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco router in Low Earth Orbit

Lloyd Woodspace team, Global Defense, Space, and Security, Cisco Systems

http://www.cisco.com/go/space

CAIA Seminar, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne

8 February 2006

2CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Brief summaryBrief summary

•• UK-DMC satellite, with Cisco routerUK-DMC satellite, with Cisco routeronboard, launched with other satellitesonboard, launched with other satellitesinto low Earth orbit, September 2003.into low Earth orbit, September 2003.

•• UK-DMC and sister satellites are basedUK-DMC and sister satellites are basedaround use of Internet Protocol (IP).around use of Internet Protocol (IP).

•• IP internetworking of satellite and routerIP internetworking of satellite and routertested and validated by internationaltested and validated by internationalcollaboration and demonstration atcollaboration and demonstration atVandenberg Air Force Base, June 2004.Vandenberg Air Force Base, June 2004.

•• IP works for satellite and payloadIP works for satellite and payloadcommunication and control.communication and control.

•• Cisco router works in orbit.Cisco router works in orbit.

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3CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

OverviewOverview

•• The Disaster Monitoring Constellation The Disaster Monitoring Constellation

•• Steps in extending the Internet into space Steps in extending the Internet into space

•• Cisco Cisco’’s mobile access routers mobile access router

•• The existing network environment for the DMC The existing network environment for the DMC

•• Router modifications and satellite integration Router modifications and satellite integration

•• Virtual Mission Operations Virtual Mission Operations CenterCenter

•• Vandenberg demonstration Vandenberg demonstration

•• Current status and future plans Current status and future plans

•• Awards won by this space payload work Awards won by this space payload workImages shared by other organisations are used with thanks.Images shared by other organisations are used with thanks.

4CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)

Surrey Satellite TechnologySurrey Satellite Technology

Ltd (SSTL) built and helpLtd (SSTL) built and help

operate an internationaloperate an international

constellation of small sensorconstellation of small sensor

satellites.satellites.

fires in California, 28 Oct 2003 (UK-DMC)fires in California, 28 Oct 2003 (UK-DMC)

Government co-operation:Government co-operation:

Algeria, Nigeria, Turkey, UnitedAlgeria, Nigeria, Turkey, United

Kingdom, and China.Kingdom, and China.

Each government finances aEach government finances a

ground station in its country andground station in its country and

a satellite. Ground stations area satellite. Ground stations are

networked together.networked together.

The satellites share a sun-The satellites share a sun-

synchronous orbital planesynchronous orbital plane

for rapid daily large-areafor rapid daily large-area

imaging (640km swath widthimaging (640km swath width

with 32m resolution). Canwith 32m resolution). Can

observe effects of naturalobserve effects of natural

disasters.disasters.

www.dmcii.com

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5CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

DMC satellite constellation launchesDMC satellite constellation launches

Five satellites launched so far. SimilarFive satellites launched so far. Similar

base designs and subsystems, withbase designs and subsystems, with

custom modifications for each country.custom modifications for each country.

27 September 200327 September 2003

Satellites launched from Satellites launched from PlesetskPlesetsk in in

Siberia on affordable shared RussianSiberia on affordable shared Russian

Kosmos-3M launches:Kosmos-3M launches:

November 2002: AlSAT-1 (Algeria)November 2002: AlSAT-1 (Algeria)

September 2003: UK-DMC, NigeriaSAT-1September 2003: UK-DMC, NigeriaSAT-1

and and BilSatBilSat (Turkey) (Turkey)

October 2005: Beijing-1 (China)October 2005: Beijing-1 (China)

Satellites and ground stations in eachSatellites and ground stations in each

country use Internet Protocol (IP) tocountry use Internet Protocol (IP) to

communicate. Earth images delivered tocommunicate. Earth images delivered to

ground stations via UDP-based transfer.ground stations via UDP-based transfer.

SSTL migrated from AX.25, as used onSSTL migrated from AX.25, as used on

previous missions. Use of IP makes aprevious missions. Use of IP makes a

natural fit with Cisconatural fit with Cisco’’s IP router onboards IP router onboard

UK-DMC satellite.UK-DMC satellite.

6CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

DMC can image anywhere on EarthDMC can image anywhere on Earth

Palm Island Resort, Dubai, 14 Dec 2003 (UK-DMC)Palm Island Resort, Dubai, 14 Dec 2003 (UK-DMC) Three Gorges Dam, China, July 2004 (UK-DMC)Three Gorges Dam, China, July 2004 (UK-DMC)

www.dmcii.com

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7CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

DMC put to use: after Hurricane Katrina, 2005DMC put to use: after Hurricane Katrina, 2005

In this false-In this false-colorcolor image, image,

dry land is red. Floodeddry land is red. Flooded

and damaged land isand damaged land is

shown as brown.shown as brown.

www.dmcii.com

DMC is working asDMC is working as

part of the Unitedpart of the United

Nations InternationalNations International

Charter for Space andCharter for Space and

Major Disasters.Major Disasters.

Small part of an imageSmall part of an image

taken by the Nigeriantaken by the Nigerian

DMC satellite on FridayDMC satellite on Friday

2 September, for the2 September, for the

US Geological Survey.US Geological Survey.

Imagery delivered byImagery delivered by

using Internetusing Internet

Protocol.Protocol.

8CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Extending the Internet into spaceExtending the Internet into space

•• NASA JPL gives NASA JPL gives DERADERA’’s s STRV-1b IP address (1996).STRV-1b IP address (1996).

•• NASA Goddard flies IP on NASA Goddard flies IP on SSTLSSTL’’s s UoSAT-12 (2000).UoSAT-12 (2000).

•• Cabletron router on Russian module of ISS. NASACabletron router on Russian module of ISS. NASA

uses IP in shuttle experiments, last being CANDOSuses IP in shuttle experiments, last being CANDOS

(tested onboard Columbia Jan 2003).(tested onboard Columbia Jan 2003).

•• NASA gets NASA gets SpaceDev SpaceDev to launch to launch CHIPSat CHIPSat (Jan 2003).(Jan 2003).

•• SSTL adopts IP with DMC (AlSAT-1 launched NovSSTL adopts IP with DMC (AlSAT-1 launched Nov

2002, UK-DMC et al. Sep 2003, Beijing-1 Oct 2005).2002, UK-DMC et al. Sep 2003, Beijing-1 Oct 2005).

•• Cisco and SSTL fit CLEO mobile access router onCisco and SSTL fit CLEO mobile access router on

UK-DMC satellite, alongside imaging payloads.UK-DMC satellite, alongside imaging payloads.

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9CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

What is the CLEO router?What is the CLEO router?

A Cisco 3251 Mobile Access Router (MAR).A Cisco 3251 Mobile Access Router (MAR).

The MAR is a commercial off-the-shelfThe MAR is a commercial off-the-shelf

(COTS) product family (COTS) product family –– 3251 and 3220 3251 and 3220

series. Runs Ciscoseries. Runs Cisco’’s IOS (s IOS (InternetworkInternetwork

Operating System) router code.Operating System) router code.

The 3251 MAR features:The 3251 MAR features:

•• 210MHz Motorola processor. 210MHz Motorola processor.

•• Built-in 100Mbps Ethernet. Built-in 100Mbps Ethernet.

•• PC/104-Plus interfaces and form factor. PC/104-Plus interfaces and form factor.

•• Additional stackable 90mm x 96mm cards Additional stackable 90mm x 96mm cards

(serial, Ethernet, power supply, (serial, Ethernet, power supply, WiFiWiFi, etc.), etc.)

The CLEO MAR is an experimental secondaryThe CLEO MAR is an experimental secondary

payload on the UK-DMC satellite.payload on the UK-DMC satellite.

Local environment and high-speed downlinkLocal environment and high-speed downlink

used by UK-DMC satellite dictate use of serialused by UK-DMC satellite dictate use of serial

interface card to connect with existing 8.1Mbpsinterface card to connect with existing 8.1Mbps

serial links used onboard.serial links used onboard.

10CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Other tests of Mobile Access RoutersOther tests of Mobile Access Routers

NASA Glenn Research NASA Glenn Research CenterCenter tested MAR on tested MAR on

NeahNeah Bay Bay icebreaker in Great Lakes. Mobile icebreaker in Great Lakes. Mobile

routing roamed seamlessly between wiredrouting roamed seamlessly between wired

link when docked, and long-range link when docked, and long-range WiFiWiFi and and

GlobalstarGlobalstar satellite links when sailing. satellite links when sailing.

CheeverCheever Racing put Racing put WiFiWiFi and and VoIPVoIP,,

for secure telemetry, voice, andfor secure telemetry, voice, and

video, in its cars, pit and garage.video, in its cars, pit and garage.

Two cars carrying Two cars carrying MARsMARs were raced were raced

in the 89in the 89thth Indianapolis 500. Indianapolis 500.

20022002 20052005

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11CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Existing network environment for the DMCExisting network environment for the DMC

Satellite: each DMC satellite has multiple onboard computers.Satellite: each DMC satellite has multiple onboard computers.

For housekeeping (the On Board Computer, OBC), for imageFor housekeeping (the On Board Computer, OBC), for image

capture and capture and packetisedpacketised transmission (the Solid State Data transmission (the Solid State Data

Recorders, Recorders, SSDRsSSDRs), for redundancy and survival.), for redundancy and survival.

Interconnected by IP over 8.1Mbps serial links for data andInterconnected by IP over 8.1Mbps serial links for data and

slower slower CANbusCANbus for backup control; really a custom-built LAN. for backup control; really a custom-built LAN.

8.1Mbps8.1Mbps

downlinkdownlink9600bps uplink9600bps uplink

ground stationground station

LANLAN

CiscoCisco

26212621

Cisco MARCisco MAR

3251 on 3251 on

UK-DMCUK-DMC

CLEO: Cisco router was able to fit into UK-DMC satelliteCLEO: Cisco router was able to fit into UK-DMC satellite’’ss

onboard network by connecting to OBC and onboard network by connecting to OBC and SSDRsSSDRs using using

common serial interfaces.common serial interfaces.

Ground: Ground: SSTLSSTL’’ss design for its ground station LANs uses IP. design for its ground station LANs uses IP.

Satellites communicate with PCs on LAN via S-band radioSatellites communicate with PCs on LAN via S-band radio

space-ground link. IP over 8.1 Mbps serial stream fromspace-ground link. IP over 8.1 Mbps serial stream from

downlink commercial modem goes into a rack-mounteddownlink commercial modem goes into a rack-mounted

Cisco 2621 router, which forwards IP packets onto the LAN.Cisco 2621 router, which forwards IP packets onto the LAN.

SSTLSSTL’’ss ground station LAN is connected to and an integral ground station LAN is connected to and an integral

part of part of SSTLSSTL’’ss corporate IP network. corporate IP network.

12CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

38.4kbps38.4kbps

for low-ratefor low-rate

telemetrytelemetry

SSDR 0SSDR 0PowerPCPowerPC

ImagingImaging

SSDR 1SSDR 1PowerPCPowerPC

ImagingImaging

SSDR 2SSDR 2StrongArmStrongArm

reflectometryreflectometry

On-BoardOn-Board

ComputerComputer

high-ratehigh-rate

TX0TX0high-ratehigh-rate

TX1TX1

low-ratelow-rateRX0RX0

low-ratelow-rateRX1RX1

9.6kbps9.6kbps

uplinkuplink

9600bps9600bps

8.1Mbps8.1Mbps

38400bps38400bps

low-ratelow-rateTXTX

8.1Mbps8.1Mbps

downlinkdownlink

38.4kbps38.4kbps

downlinkdownlink

CLEOCLEO

CA

Nb

us

CA

Nb

us

to

co

ns

ole

po

rt t

o c

on

so

le p

ort

SMICSMIC

serialserialMARCMARC

Pow erPCPow erPC

UK-DMC payloadsUK-DMC payloads…… connected to CLEO connected to CLEO

CANbusCANbus mesh mesh

not shownnot shown

Redundancy in dualRedundancy in dual

transmitters, dualtransmitters, dual

receivers, and dualreceivers, and dual

imaging computersimaging computers

CLEO uses availableCLEO uses available

‘‘sparespare’’ connections connections

to form a high-speedto form a high-speed

onboard networkonboard network

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13CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Alterations to CLEO for launch and spaceAlterations to CLEO for launch and space

NoNo radiation hardening; low orbit radiation hardening; low orbit

environment is relatively benign.environment is relatively benign.

NoNo unique hardware design or unique hardware design or

software work done by Cisco.software work done by Cisco.

Minor physical modifications madeMinor physical modifications made

to router and serial card.to router and serial card.

•• Flow-soldered with lead-based Flow-soldered with lead-based

solder to avoid solder to avoid ‘‘tin whiskerstin whiskers’’..

•• Flat Flat heatsinkheatsink added to main added to main

processor to take heat to chassis.processor to take heat to chassis.

•• To avoid leakage in vacuum, wet To avoid leakage in vacuum, wet

electrolytic capacitors withelectrolytic capacitors with

pressure vents replaced with dry.pressure vents replaced with dry.

•• Unused components removed, Unused components removed,

including plastic sockets andincluding plastic sockets and

clock battery. Time set with NTP.clock battery. Time set with NTP.

Directly soldered wires are moreDirectly soldered wires are more

robust for vibration/thermalrobust for vibration/thermal

cyclingcycling

14CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

CLEO integration 1 CLEO integration 1 –– the router assembly the router assembly

MAR processor card and serialMAR processor card and serial

card wired to card wired to ‘‘motherboardmotherboard’’

designed by SSTL.designed by SSTL.

‘‘MotherboardMotherboard’’ provides provides

physical mounting, power,physical mounting, power,

serial connections andserial connections and

serial/serial/CANbusCANbus interface for interface for

access to router console port.access to router console port.

Router console port was usedRouter console port was used

to to ‘‘bootstrapbootstrap’’ router router

configuration in orbit fromconfiguration in orbit from

nothing. After basicnothing. After basic

networking was configurednetworking was configured

during passes, telnet and during passes, telnet and sshssh

were then used.were then used.

MAR processor cardMAR processor card

MAR serial cardMAR serial card

SSTL-designedSSTL-designed

‘‘motherboardmotherboard’’

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15CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

CLEO integration 2 CLEO integration 2 –– the payload tray the payload tray

SSTLSSTL’’ss satellites are modular stacks of identical aluminium trays, screwed satellites are modular stacks of identical aluminium trays, screwed

together. Aluminium provides grounding, heat conduction, and structuraltogether. Aluminium provides grounding, heat conduction, and structural

rigidity. Satellites are built rigidity. Satellites are built rapidlyrapidly, using COTS parts, in under 18 months., using COTS parts, in under 18 months.

Router card assembly takes up half of stackable tray.Router card assembly takes up half of stackable tray.

copper copper heatsinkheatsink

16CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Satellite assembly, subsystems and router operated in partial vacuum ofSatellite assembly, subsystems and router operated in partial vacuum of

less than 1x10less than 1x10-5-5 torrtorr (1x10 (1x10-3-3 Pa), temperature range of -35 Pa), temperature range of -35ooCC up to +60 up to +60ooC.C.

Also vibration tested.Also vibration tested.

CLEO integration 3 CLEO integration 3 –– testing before launch testing before launch

in-house testingin-house testing

propellant tankpropellant tank

camerascameras

satellite assemblysatellite assembly vacuum chamber testingvacuum chamber testing

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Work before and after launchWork before and after launch

Before launch completed:Before launch completed:

-- low-level embedded software development low-level embedded software development

-- hardware integration hardware integration

After launch completed:After launch completed:

-- commissioning of all new satellites (UK-DMC, NigeriaSat-1, commissioning of all new satellites (UK-DMC, NigeriaSat-1, BilSatBilSat))

-- construction of ground-based construction of ground-based testbedtestbed for use by NASA Glenn, for use by NASA Glenn,

using engineering model of CLEO. using engineering model of CLEO.

-- development and upload of development and upload of ‘‘pass-throughpass-through’’ software to reconfigure software to reconfigure

onboard computer to pass frames from CLEO router out to downlink. onboard computer to pass frames from CLEO router out to downlink.

- as an experimental payload, CLEO is not- as an experimental payload, CLEO is not directly directly connected to downlinkconnected to downlink,,

although CLEO interconnects a number of onboard computers. although CLEO interconnects a number of onboard computers.

-- bringing up ground stations and distributed wide-area network. bringing up ground stations and distributed wide-area network.

Power-on test of the CLEO router on 15 October 2003 showed correctPower-on test of the CLEO router on 15 October 2003 showed correct

amount of power being drawn; temperatures measured indicated thatamount of power being drawn; temperatures measured indicated that

heatsinkheatsink was attached correctly. Then left dormant for over six was attached correctly. Then left dormant for over six

months.months.

18CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Work after launch: ground-based Work after launch: ground-based testbedtestbed

NASA Glenn needed to gainNASA Glenn needed to gain

familiarity with operating andfamiliarity with operating and

configuring router with configuring router with SSTLSSTL’’ss

onboard computers.onboard computers.

Ground-based Ground-based testbedtestbed allows allows

configuration changes to beconfiguration changes to be

tested on the ground at leisuretested on the ground at leisure

before being made to CLEObefore being made to CLEO

during a ten-minute pass over aduring a ten-minute pass over a

ground station.ground station.

Built rack-mounted ground-Built rack-mounted ground-

based based testbedtestbed ( (‘‘flatsatflatsat’’) from) from

SSDR and engineering model ofSSDR and engineering model of

mobile router, and networked itmobile router, and networked it

from NASA Glenn in Ohio.from NASA Glenn in Ohio.

Built Built testbedtestbed afterafter launch! launch!

Configured CLEO Configured CLEO afterafter launch! launch!

CLEO engineeringCLEO engineering

model assemblymodel assemblySSTLSSTL

SSDRSSDR

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19CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Virtual Mission Operations Virtual Mission Operations Center Center (VMOC)(VMOC)

Software developed by General DynamicsSoftware developed by General Dynamics

intended to task satellites and provide imageryintended to task satellites and provide imagery

via a simple GUI interface for military users.via a simple GUI interface for military users.

VMOC was rated second out of 120 projects inVMOC was rated second out of 120 projects in

importance by the US Office of the Secretary ofimportance by the US Office of the Secretary of

DefenseDefense, Rapid Acquisition Incentive - Network, Rapid Acquisition Incentive - Network

Centric (RAI-NC) program. So became one ofCentric (RAI-NC) program. So became one of

four pilots receiving advance funding.four pilots receiving advance funding.

VMOC intended for use with TacSat-1, plannedVMOC intended for use with TacSat-1, planned

for launch in 2005, and later TacSat-2. UK-DMCfor launch in 2005, and later TacSat-2. UK-DMC

provides an early opportunity to test VMOC.provides an early opportunity to test VMOC.

VMOC requests images of ground from SSTLVMOC requests images of ground from SSTL

mission planning system for DMC satellites.mission planning system for DMC satellites.

Images are taken for VMOC by UK-DMC only.Images are taken for VMOC by UK-DMC only.

VMOC monitors UK-DMC satellite telemetry andVMOC monitors UK-DMC satellite telemetry and

accesses CLEO router.accesses CLEO router.

VMOC is simply an IP-based application forVMOC is simply an IP-based application for

satellites, using an available IP-based satellitesatellites, using an available IP-based satellite

infrastructure!infrastructure!

20CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

CLEO and VMOC CLEO and VMOC –– meeting needs of participants meeting needs of participants

CommercialCommercialCisco SystemsCisco Systems

Show that a commercialShow that a commercial

COTS Internet router canCOTS Internet router can

work in space.work in space.

CivilCivilNASA GlennNASA Glenn

Demonstrate utility ofDemonstrate utility of

IP and mobile routingIP and mobile routing

for satellite TT&C.for satellite TT&C.

MilitaryMilitaryAir Force Space Air Force Space BattlelabBattlelab

Test the Virtual MissionTest the Virtual Mission

Operations Operations CenterCenter in the in the

field and task space asset.field and task space asset.

CLEO: Cisco router in Low Earth Orbit

placed on UK-DMC satellite by SSTL

Cisco gets its routerCisco gets its router

launched as secondarylaunched as secondary

experimental payload.experimental payload.

NASA Glenn uses routerNASA Glenn uses router

in space to test mobilein space to test mobile

routing for satellites.routing for satellites.

CLEO router works in space. VMOC works with space asset. Mission success!CLEO router works in space. VMOC works with space asset. Mission success!

VMOC is tested acrossVMOC is tested across

Internet fromInternet from

Vandenberg with CLEOVandenberg with CLEO

& UK-DMC.& UK-DMC.

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VMOC demo, Vandenberg Air Force BaseVMOC demo, Vandenberg Air Force Base

May-June 2004, VMOC, imageMay-June 2004, VMOC, image

request and access to onboardrequest and access to onboard

payload (router) were tested bypayload (router) were tested by

coalition of partners coalition of partners ‘‘in the fieldin the field’’ in in

tent and tent and HumveeHumvee at Vandenberg at Vandenberg

Air Force Base in California.Air Force Base in California.

Tested:Tested:

- requesting sensor data (imagery)- requesting sensor data (imagery)

from the UK-DMC satellite. from the UK-DMC satellite.

- use of IP for field operations.- use of IP for field operations.

- tasking a satellite payload (the- tasking a satellite payload (the

CLEO router, accessed using CLEO router, accessed using

mobile networking). mobile networking).

- failover between multiple - failover between multiple VMOCsVMOCs..

VMOC tent, VandenbergVMOC tent, Vandenberg

HumveeHumvee

Testing and demonstration wereTesting and demonstration were

successful. Ciscosuccessful. Cisco’’s CLEO routers CLEO router

in orbit shown to work by thirdin orbit shown to work by third

parties while testing a largerparties while testing a larger

integrated integrated ‘‘system of systemssystem of systems’’..

22CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

VMOC demonstration network topologyVMOC demonstration network topology

mobile routingmobile routing

Home AgentHome Agent

(NASA Glenn)(NASA Glenn)

Segov ia

NOC

2nd Ground

Station

‘‘shadowshadow’’ backup backup

VMOC-2VMOC-2

(NASA Glenn)(NASA Glenn)

UK-DMC/CLEO routerUK-DMC/CLEO router

high-rate passes overhigh-rate passes over

SSTL ground stationSSTL ground station

(Guildford, England)(Guildford, England)

primary VMOC-1primary VMOC-1

Air Force Battle LabsAir Force Battle Labs

(CERES)(CERES)

Internet

mobile routermobile router

appears toappears to

reside onreside on

HomeHome

AgentAgent’’ss

network atnetwork at

NASA GlennNASA Glenn

secure Virtual

Private Network

tunnels (VPNs)

between VMOC

partners

‘‘battlefieldbattlefield

operationsoperations’’

(tent and (tent and HumveeHumvee,,

Vandenberg AFB)Vandenberg AFB)

low-rate UK-DMC passeslow-rate UK-DMC passes

over secondary groundover secondary ground

stationsstations

receiving telemetryreceiving telemetry

(Alaska, Colorado Springs)(Alaska, Colorado Springs)8.1Mbps downlink8.1Mbps downlink

9600bps uplink9600bps uplink

38400bps38400bps

downlinkdownlink

other satelliteother satellite

telemetry to VMOCtelemetry to VMOC

UK-DMCUK-DMC

satellitesatelliteCLEO onboard

mobile access

router

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23CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

VMOC/CLEO demonstrations to US militaryVMOC/CLEO demonstrations to US military

5 November 2004, VMOC5 November 2004, VMOC

imaging request operationsimaging request operations

were demonstrated at Airwere demonstrated at Air

Force Space CommandForce Space Command

Headquarters in ColoradoHeadquarters in Colorado

Springs to Gen. Lance Lord.Springs to Gen. Lance Lord.

18 November 2004, to Air18 November 2004, to Air

Force Space CommandForce Space Command

during its Commanders'during its Commanders'

Conference in Los Angeles.Conference in Los Angeles.

2 December 2004, to the2 December 2004, to the

leadership of the Airleadership of the Air

Staff and Joint Staff inStaff and Joint Staff in

the Washington, DC area.the Washington, DC area.Tasking to request an image of ColoradoTasking to request an image of Colorado

24CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Demonstration involved many organisationsDemonstration involved many organisations

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25CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Some limitations of CLEOSome limitations of CLEO

As a secondary experimental payload, CLEO spends most of its timeAs a secondary experimental payload, CLEO spends most of its time

turned off. CLEO is only active when being tested during passes overturned off. CLEO is only active when being tested during passes over

ground stations, or when being used to transfer data between ground stations, or when being used to transfer data between SSDRsSSDRs..

The mobile router is a commercial product, not a space instrument.The mobile router is a commercial product, not a space instrument.

CLEO does CLEO does not not contain special instrumentation for the spacecontain special instrumentation for the space

environment. CLEO does environment. CLEO does not not measure cumulative radiation dosage.measure cumulative radiation dosage.

SSTL does have some additional thermal and power drawSSTL does have some additional thermal and power draw

instrumentation around the CLEO assembly motherboard.instrumentation around the CLEO assembly motherboard.

Available satellite power is a constraint Available satellite power is a constraint –– CLEO is powered up for ten CLEO is powered up for ten

minutes at a time during a daytime sunlit pass to communicate withminutes at a time during a daytime sunlit pass to communicate with

ground station using high-speed 8.1Mbps downlink. CLEO needsground station using high-speed 8.1Mbps downlink. CLEO needs

~10W. High-speed downlink needs ~10W. UK-DMC power budget is~10W. High-speed downlink needs ~10W. UK-DMC power budget is

only ~30W.only ~30W.

Onboard software cannot be easily upgraded Onboard software cannot be easily upgraded –– no plans to ever upload no plans to ever upload

6MB router IOS software over multiple passes via 9600bps uplink6MB router IOS software over multiple passes via 9600bps uplink

26CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Status of CLEOStatus of CLEO

CLEO remains operational. As a secondaryCLEO remains operational. As a secondary

experimental payload, use of CLEO is on aexperimental payload, use of CLEO is on a

best-effort basis, balanced against the otherbest-effort basis, balanced against the other

demands on the UK-DMC satellite. When notdemands on the UK-DMC satellite. When not

being tested, CLEO is simply switched off tobeing tested, CLEO is simply switched off to

conserve energy.conserve energy.

CLEO has spent over two years in orbit.CLEO has spent over two years in orbit.

Testing of CLEO has been carried out forTesting of CLEO has been carried out for

over a year. CLEO has been powered up forover a year. CLEO has been powered up for

use over fifty times.use over fifty times.

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27CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Timeline of CLEO testing eventsTimeline of CLEO testing events

27 September 200327 September 2003

–– UK-DMC and sister satellites launched from UK-DMC and sister satellites launched from PlesetskPlesetsk..

15 October 200315 October 2003

–– CLEO router power cycled during satellite commissioning tests.CLEO router power cycled during satellite commissioning tests.

29 April 200429 April 2004

–– CLEO router activated and tested with console access. CLEO router activated and tested with console access.

May May –– June 2004 June 2004

–– Testing of VMOC and CLEO from Vandenberg Air Force Base. Testing of VMOC and CLEO from Vandenberg Air Force Base.

14-16 June 2004 14-16 June 2004

–– First public demonstration of VMOC and CLEO at Vandenberg. First public demonstration of VMOC and CLEO at Vandenberg.

10 May 200510 May 2005

–– Public demonstration to AFEI Net-Centric Operations Conference.Public demonstration to AFEI Net-Centric Operations Conference.

18-20 October 200518-20 October 2005

–– Public demonstration of CLEO and VMOC at IEEE MILCOM 2005. Public demonstration of CLEO and VMOC at IEEE MILCOM 2005.

28CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Beyond the success of CLEOBeyond the success of CLEO

The outcome of the CLEO project andThe outcome of the CLEO project and

testing has encouraged Cisco Systems totesting has encouraged Cisco Systems to

prototype and evaluate IOS softwareprototype and evaluate IOS software

running on radiation-hardened PowerPCrunning on radiation-hardened PowerPC

processors and hardware very differentprocessors and hardware very different

from this first CLEO demonstration.from this first CLEO demonstration.

Cisco Systems is interested in working withCisco Systems is interested in working with

others to take IP and routing functionality toothers to take IP and routing functionality to

new placesnew places…… including high altitude and including high altitude and

geostationary orbit.geostationary orbit.

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29CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Other CLEO testing onboardOther CLEO testing onboard

GPSGPS –– UK-DMC satellite also has onboard a GPS UK-DMC satellite also has onboard a GPS reflectometryreflectometry

experiment. Moving data from the SSDR running that experiment toexperiment. Moving data from the SSDR running that experiment to

ground requires dedicating passes to that SSDR. Data can be movedground requires dedicating passes to that SSDR. Data can be moved

through the router to be stored on a primary imaging SSDR while thethrough the router to be stored on a primary imaging SSDR while the

satellite is not passing a ground station satellite is not passing a ground station –– uses router without using uses router without using

high-speed downlink, takes advantage of router being connected tohigh-speed downlink, takes advantage of router being connected to

all onboard computers in onboard LAN. First done October 2005.all onboard computers in onboard LAN. First done October 2005.

IPv6IPv6 –– CLEO and ground routers are IPv6-capable, but UK-DMC CLEO and ground routers are IPv6-capable, but UK-DMC

payloads and ground stations use IPv4 only. IPv6 is not yet enabled.payloads and ground stations use IPv4 only. IPv6 is not yet enabled.

IPsecIPsec –– CLEO and ground station routers can use this, and CLEO and ground station routers can use this, and

could secure unencrypted ground-space link by tunnelling IP trafficcould secure unencrypted ground-space link by tunnelling IP traffic

through the router. (through the router. (sshssh to CLEO is already configured, as is a to CLEO is already configured, as is a

passwordedpassworded web interface.) Could also use SNMP and web interface.) Could also use SNMP and MIBsMIBs to show to show

that a satellite payload can be managed just as you would manage athat a satellite payload can be managed just as you would manage a

terrestrial network asset.terrestrial network asset.

30CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

Acknowledgment of success of CLEO and VMOCAcknowledgment of success of CLEO and VMOC

•• NASA Glenn NASA Glenn –– Computerworld Heroes finalists Computerworld Heroes finalists

•• Internal awards in Air Force, General DynamicsInternal awards in Air Force, General Dynamics

and NASA (and NASA (Turning Goals into RealityTurning Goals into Reality 2005) 2005)

•• Internal awards for project managementInternal awards for project management

Computerworld Heroes recognitionComputerworld Heroes recognition GD Technology AwardGD Technology Award

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31CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public

further information:http://www.cisco.com/go/space

ftp://ftp-eng.cisco.com/lwood/cleo/README.html

Google for Google for ‘‘CLEO VMOCCLEO VMOC’’

Questions?Questions?thankyouthankyou

32CLEO – Cisco router in Low Earth OrbitCisco Public