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Sanjeev GuptaProject Coordinator
Technology Interventions for Increasing Lentil Production in
India
All India Coordinated Research Project on MULLaRP (Mungbean, Urdbean, Lentil, Lathyrus, Rajmash
and Peas)
Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur
State Area (Lakh ha)
Production (Lakh tonnes)
Productivity (kg/ha)
Uttar Pradesh
5.7 5.0 881
Madhya Pradesh
6.2 2.3 371
Bihar 1.70 1.7 1019
West Bengal
0.60 0.41 695
Assam 0.23 0.11 502
Chattisgarh
0.15 0.05 336
India 15.6 10.6 678
Leading States in Lentil Production(2010-11)
Cropping system States
Fallow/ fodder sorghum-chickpea /lentil Bundelkhand region of U.P. & M.P.
Rice- Lentil/ chickpea/ fieldpea Eastern U.P., Bihar,
Lentil in Rice Fallows West Bengal, Assam, Eastern U.P., Chattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand
Lentil in Cropping Systems
Feature Eastern India Central India
Soil texture Deep alluvial and Calcareous
Vertisols develop cracks
Moisture availability Excessive Lack of moisture at planting
Cold Severe Mild to severe
Nutrient Deficiency P, Zn, B S, Zn, Mo
Areas East U.P., BiharW.Bengal, Assam, JharkhandOdisha
M.P., Chattisgarh
Lentil Cultivation in India
Constraints and Interventions
Constraints Interventions
Lack of suitable varieties Development of appropriate varieties
Poor crop establishment Tillage machines, sowing methods, timely planting, seed priming
Diseases (Rust, Wilt, Root rot)
Resistant cultivars, IPM Modules
Weed menace Use of Post-emergence herbicides
Terminal drought Early maturing cultivars
Poor microbial activity Seed treatment
Non availability of quality seeds
Seed systems
Poor TOT Innovative models
State Varieties
Uttar Pradesh Pant L 406, Malika (K 75), Lens 4076, DPL 62 (Sheri), Narendra Masoor 1, L 4147, IPL 81 (Noori), IPL 406, HUL 57, KLS 218, WBL 77, Pant L 6, Pant L 7
Bihar Pant L 406, PL 639, Malika (K 75), Arun (PL 77-12), NDL 2, WBL 58, HUL 57, KLS 218, WBL 77
Madhya Pradesh
Malika (K 75), Lens 4076, IPL 81 (Noori), JL 3, IPL 406, IPL 316
Chattisgarh JL3, DPL 62, IPL 81, L4076, IPL 316
High Yielding Varieties
• Short duration : IPL 81, JL1, JL3, KLS 218, WBL 77, Asha, Ranjan, HUL 57,Subrata
• Rice fallow : NDL 1, KLS 218, WBL 77, HUL 57• Large seeded : IPL 406, Sheri, JL 3, VL 507, L 4076, K 75 • Rust resistance : HUL 57, KLS 218, Narendra Masoor
1,Narendra Masoor 2, Pant L 4, Pant L 5, DPL 62
• Wilt resistance : DPL 62, JL 3
Varieties with specific features
System Varieties
Rice Fallow NDL 1, HUL 57, KLS 218, PL 639
Intercropping with Autumn Sugarcane
K-75, PL 639, NDL 1, DPL 62
Rainfed Bundel khand region
DPL 62, JL 3
Varieties for Specific Nitches
Production Technologies
Eastern U.P., Bihar- Second fortnight of NovemberM.P., Bundelkhand: First fortnight of OctoberChhattisgarh: Sowing depends on cessation of monsoon rain
and maturity of rice crop in utera system
Sowing and Seed Rate
Group Seed rate (kg/ha)
Additional Information
Bold seed 55-60 Seed rate to be enhanced by 10-25% in event of delayed sowing to enhance the plant population
In intercropping the seed rate to be decided according to proportionate area under each crop
Small seed 40-50
Seed Priming- a simple but effective trick
Soaking seeds in water for 6-8 hrs and sowing of primed seed at 8-10 days before harvest of rice
Improves germination, growth, plant stand and yield
Seed priming in potassium hydroxide solution (5%)
Seed priming in nutrient solution (0.01% ammonium molybdate)
Backstop Research
•Sowing methods for primed seed with minimum tillage
•Interaction between Molybednum in solution, Rhizobium and
seed priming in Acid soils
Fertilizer ApplicationFertilizer Application
Nutrients Fertilizer (kg/ha) Remarks
Major nutrients
18 kg N, 46 kg P2O5 , 20
kg K2O + 20 kg S /ha
•Soil application as basal placement is ideal.
•2% foliar application of Urea or DAP in rainfed conditions and rice fallows.
Micronutrients
• 25 kg Zn SO4/ha
• 10 kg borax/ha• 1-1.5 kg/ha ammonium
molybdate/ha
Micronutrients application in deficient areas based on soil test and deficiency symptoms.
The fertilizer application in intercropping should be based on proportionate area under each crop in the system.
Spray of 2% urea/ DAP @ pre-flowering stage
Backstop Research
•Nutrition formulation with micronutrients, growth hormones and PGPR
•Seed palleting with nutrients
Foliar Nutrition- a low cost effective intervention
Effective in both under relay cropping or zero tillage system
Variety (s) Percentage of wilt infestation Yield (kg/ha)Treated plot Untreated plot Treated Untreated
PL-6 04.00 09.00 15.60 14.20WBL-77 08.00 14.00 15.00 14.10HUL-57 16.00 24.00 14.40 13.70NDL-1 07.00 13.00 15.30 14.70Local 21.00 29.00 08.80 08.20
Seed Treatment – a promising way
Backstop Research•Biocompatibility with biofertilizers and Trichoderma viride or Pseudomonas• Microbial characterization of selected rice fallow soils
Flower initiation and pod filling stages are critical for moisture stress.
Moisture stress throughout the crop cycle reduces yield by 50%
Two irrigations (about 140 mm depth of water) at flower initiation and pod filling stages
Water Management Crop Water requirement
Chickpea 120 – 190 mm
Lentil 100 – 120 mm
Field pea 120 – 140 mm
Rajmash 200 - 250 mm
Drainage channel 30 x 30 cm around the field
Managing problem of water stagnation in Rice- fallow fields
Pendimethalin 30 EC 1.0 kg/ha fb PE Quizalofop @ 50g/haPendimethalin 30 EC 1.0 kg/ha fb PE Quizalofop @ 50g/ha
Use of herbicides- an important intervention
Pendimethain 30EC 1.0 kg/ha + Imazethapyr 2EC @ 0.75-1.0 kg /ha Pendimethain 30EC 1.0 kg/ha + Imazethapyr 2EC @ 0.75-1.0 kg /ha Critical crop-weed competition period 30-60 DAS
Technology for Rice FallowsTechnology for Rice Fallows
• High yielding wilt and rust resistant varieties: KLS 218, HUL 57, NM 1, Pant L 639, Pant L 406
• Soaking seeds in water for 6-8 hrs (Seed priming)
• Sowing 6-8 days before harvest of rice
• Foliar spray of 2% urea/ DAP
• Yield gain: 35%
• About 5 lakh ha area can be brought under Utera system in Bihar, WB, Eastern UP, Jharkhand and Chhatisgarh
830
1170
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Local varieties Improved varieties
(Kg/ha)
Lentil (170) FLDs
Slit till drill
Particulars Specification Field performance
Source of power 45 hp tractor Time, h/ha = 2.50
Type/no. of furrow openers
Slit and Straw cutters/07
Narrow shoe type/07
Fuel used, I/ha = 10.00
Row spacing, mm 230 Operational energy ,
MJ/ha = 565
Working width, mm 160 Cost of operation,
Rs/ha = 1000
Drive wheel Peg type – side mounted -
(A)Opening furrow, placing fertilizer, seeds and covering of seeds (B) Manual furrow opener (C) Manually operated IIPR No- Till Drill (D) Tractor Operated Happy Seeder
Mechanization Need
A
DC
B
Disease Pathogen Area of High Intensity
Wilt Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis
U.P., M.P., Bihar, Chhattisgarh
Rust Uromyces fabae Eastern U.P., Bihar
Collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii M.P., Chattisgarh
Major Diseases and High Disease Intensity Areas
Integrated Disease Management
• Before Sowing
– Deep summer ploughing– Selection of disease resistant varieties
• At the time of sowing:
– Timely sowing to avoid rust
– Seed treatment with Carbendazim + Thiram (1 + 2 g kg-1
seed), or Trichoderma (4 g) + carboxin (1 g) kg-1 seed
– Intercropping with linseed (1:1)
– Crop rotation with cereals for 3-5 years
• Standing crop:– Regular monitoring of the crop
– Foliar spray of dimethoate 0.03 % in case of aphid infestation
– Foliar spray of wettable sulphur (0.2-0.3%) or mancozeb (0.2%) against rust (Number of spray depends on the disease severity)
– Removal of diseased plant debris
Production
Lentil in rice-fallow