CLIL COURSE MATERIALS - XTEC · UNIT 1. MYTH AND MYTHOLOGY ... STAGE 3. SUMMARY CHART ... Watch the...

CLIL COURSE MATERIALS

CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY: THE OLYMPIAN

GODS

Student worksheets

Pilar Torres Carmona

December 2008

CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY: THE OLYMPIAN GODS STUDENT WORKDHEETS

Pilar Torres Carmona IES Narcs Monturiol, Barcelona

UNIT 1. MYTH AND MYTHOLOGY

A myth is a story about gods and other supernatural beings and how they

made or shaped the world and humanity. The events told in these stories

happened in a very remote past. Myths are a part of religion, and they give an explanation of the

world from a moral point of view; there is an ideology under every myth. Myths are also

metaphorical; they do not try to explain the world in a logical or scientific way, but through

imagination. However, we can still use myths to understand and explore culture: its viewpoints,

activities and beliefs.

Myths are very old stories. They are so old, that we do not know who

made them up: they are anonymous. People told these stories over the

years and this is why we have many versions of them. Sometimes

these stories or parts of themwere written down and now we can enjoy them.

The word myth comes from the ancient Greek word mythos. It

means word, story and it reveals the oral origin of these stories.

Mythology, from the Greek words mythos story and

logos collection or study means both collection of stories/myths and study

of the myths.

Every civilization has its myths. We call classical mythology the body of

myths of ancient Greece and Rome. We are going to study them because of

their importance and influence on European culture: art, literature, music

even on everyday products and publicity! Look at two instances below:

What is a myth?

Who made up

myths?

Where does the

word myth

come from?

What is

mythology?

Why classical

mythology?

The birth of Venus, Sandro Botticelli (1485-86)

Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence (Italy). From

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Botticelli_

Venus.jpg

Gillette Venus, a brand of disposable razors for women,

at http://www.gillettevenus.com/uk/.

Visit it!

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Botticelli_Venus.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Botticelli_Venus.jpghttp://www.gillettevenus.com/uk/



UNIT 1. MYTH AND MYTHOLOGY. ACTIVITIES

Look at the picture below. What do you see?

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Image from http://nikeid.nike.com, 2007

In pairs, go to the website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page and find out the

answer to the following questions:

a) Where does the name of the brand in the advertisement come from?

b) The man in the advertisement is wearing a pair of wings; why do you think he

has been represented in that way?

c) What is the logo of this brand? Draw it.

d) What is the logos name? What does its name mean? To find it out look up the

word in the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary CD. You can also listen to

the pronunciation. Does it have any relationship with the wings?

e) In your opinion, do many people know what nike means? Why do you think

they do/dont?

f) Think of two reasons to choose Nike as a sports brand name.

http://nikeid.nike.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page



STAGE 3. SUMMARY CHART (Whole group oral activity except Further thinking)

AMERICAN

SPORTSWARE

BRAND

TRADEMARK LOGO SHAPE

NAME

MEANING

WHAT DOES THE

WING STAND FOR

(=)?

WINGS = V _ _ _ _ _ y

Therefore, if you wear this brand, you are wearing wings,

therefore you are a w_ _ _ _r.

GREEK

MYTH

Look at the

picture. It

represents the

Greek goddess

of Victory.

Does she seem

to be running

away? Why?

Have you ever tried to catch a winged being butterflies,

flies, birds...?

Was it easy or difficult?

Once you caught it, was it easy or difficult to keep?

According to ancient Greeks, Victory had wings, therefore

Greeks thought that victory was

d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to reach and to keep.

Muse du Louvre, Paris (France) from

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Bronze_Nike_Louvre_Br1679.jp

g

AMERICAN

VERSION

VS.

GREEK

VERSION

- Is there any difference between the versions?

According to the American sportswear brand, is victory easy or difficult to reach?

Remember its motto: Just do it!

According to the ancient Greek myth, victory was _____________________ because

she __________________.

Therefore ancient Greek and contemporary Americans have a

d_ ff_ _ _ nt point of view about victory. They have different

i_ _o_l_g_es.

MYTH AS

METAPHOR

In ancient Greek , metaphor meant transport. Therefore metaphor

occurs when we transport/transfer the meaning from a concept (wing) to

another (victory).

However, concepts mean different things to different people; in this case, wings

meant difficulty to Greeks while the same concept means ease to Americans.

That is why metaphors and myths are durable, because they can be adapted to

different circumstances.

This is the way myths work.

FURTHER

THINKING

Think about another trademark which uses the concept of wings in its

advertisements/commercials. Try to justify this use.

Invent a new brand and logo for a product using the concept of wings. Which of the

meanings above (difficulty/ease or maybe a different one) would you choose

and why?

JUST FOR

FUN

Go to the website http://youtube.com/watch?v=XeKDFGbCUGA and watch the video

Impossible Nike. What do you think is the meaning of this commercial? There is a

clue here:

N_ _e wears Adidas, therefore V_ _ _ _ _ y wears Adidas, therefore if you want to be

a w_ nn _r, you m_ _t wear Adidas (not Nike!).

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Bronze_Nike_Louvre_Br1679.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Bronze_Nike_Louvre_Br1679.jpghttp://youtube.com/watch?v=XeKDFGbCUGA



UNIT 1. MYTH AND MYTHOLOGY. Myth as explanation of the world.

TEXT A:

1. With your partner, read the text and decide which column in the chart below matches your

text.

Scientific discourse

Text___

Mythological discourse

Text ___

Descriptive Narrative

Objective Metaphorical

Exposition of facts Presentation of actions

Intervention of physical laws Intervention of divine beings

Use of observation, experiments and

demonstration

Need of faith

General Particular

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock,

ash and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanic activity tends to form mountains or

features like mountains over a period of time.

Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are pulled apart or come together.

Cross-section through a stratovolcano:

1. Large magma chamber

2. Bedrock

3. Conduit (pipe)

4. Base

5. Sill

6. Branch pipe

7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano

8. Flank

9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano

10. Throat

11. Parasitic cone

12. Lava flow

13. Vent

14. Crater

15. Ash cloud

Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_plateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano



Order the phrases below to write a summary of your text:

( ) are generally found.

( ) You can also

( ) of a volcano.

( ) what a volcano is,

( ) This text explains

( ) and where volcanoes

( ) forms mountains

( ) how volcanic activity

( ) see a cross-section



TEXT B

1. With your partner, read the text and decide which column in the chart below

matches your text.

Scientific discourse

Text___

Mythological discourse

Text ___

Descriptive Narrative

Objective Metaphorical

Exposition of facts Presentation of actions

Intervention of physical laws Intervention of divine beings

Use of observation, experiments and

demonstration

Need of faith

General Particular

2. Order the phrases below to write a summary of your text:

( ) the story

( ) changed him into a volcano

( ) after he committed suicide

( ) of an Aztec warrior

( ) and how gods

( ) This text tells

( ) his beloved.

( ) because he had lost

In Aztec mythology, Popocatptl was a warrior who loved Iztacchuatl.

Iztacchuatls father sent Popocatptl to war in Oaxaca, promising him his daughter as his wife if he returned (which

Iztacchuatls father presumed he would not.).

Iztacchuatls father told her that her lover had fallen in battle and she died of grief. When Popocatptl returned, and

discovered the death of his lover, he committed suicide by plunging a dagger through his heart. The gods covered them

with snow and changed them into mountains. Iztacchuatls mountain was called La Mujer Dormida (the Sleeping

Woman). Popocatptl became the volcano Popocatptl, raining fire on Earth in blind rage at the loss of his beloved.

Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popocatapetl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popocatapetl



TEXTS A AND B

2. Change partner and tell him/her what your text is about. Then compare your texts and match

the text on the left with the text on the right.

1. Text __ is descriptive because a. there are gods in the story.

2. Text __ is narrative because b. a volcano stands for the rage of a warrior.

3. Text __ is objective because c. you can see a cross-section through a volcano.

4. Text __ is metaphorical because d. there is a presentation of actions.

5. There is intervention of physical laws in text __

because

e. no one can demonstrate that the story is true.

6. There is intervention of divine beings in text

__because

f. there is an exposition of facts.

7. There is use of observation and demonstration in

text __ because

g. a volcano stands for a volcano.

8. There is need of faith in text __ because

9. Text __ is general because

10. Text __ is particular because

h. it cites volcanic activity and tectonic plates.

i. it refers to a single volcano.

j. it refers to all volcanoes.

1__; 2__; 3__; 4__; 5__; 6__; 7__; 8__; 9__; 10__

3. Summary charts. With your partner, complete the following charts:

The scientific discourse

is

descriptive

while the mythological

discourse is

narrative

In the scientific

discourse there is

exposition of facts

while in the mythological

discourse there is

presentation of

actions

Both the ________ discourse and the __________ discourse intend to _________ the world

although in a ________ way.



Watch the Power Point presentation about Arachne and, in groups, order the following statements to

read

THE STORY OF ARACHNE

A. Disguised as an old woman she warned Arachne not to offend the gods.

B. She also struck Arachnes head with the shuttle.

C. However, Athena was outraged because Arachne had represented the gods in a disrespectful way.

D. Athenas tapestry represented the scene of her victory over Poseidon.

E. Arachnes tapestry represented many episodes of the infidelity of the gods, disguised as animals.

F. That made Athena angry.

G. Arachne laughed at her and challenged the goddess to a contest.

H. Athena took pity on Arachne and changed her into a spider.

I. Ashamed, Arachne ran off and killed herself.

J. Arachne, Idmons daughter, was a girl of humble birth but very good at weaving.

K. The goddess admitted that Arachnes tapestry was perfect.

L. Athena dropped her disguise and the contest began.

M. So much praise went to Arachnes head.

N. Athena lost her temper and destroyed Arachnes tapestry and loom.

O. People thought that she was the best weaver and told her so.

P. She began to claim that her art was greater than Athenas, the goddess of wisdom and crafts.

1 J Arachne, Idmons daughter, was a girl of humble birth but very good at weaving.

2__

3__

4__

5__

6__

7__

8__

9__

10_

_

11_

_

12_

_

13_

_

14_

_

15_

_

16H Athena took pity on Arachne and changed her into a spider.

Read the story again and in groups answer the following questions:



1. Who judged the contest? ______________________________________.

2. Was there a winner? ___________________________________________.

3. Although Arachnes tapestry was perfect, she made some mistakes. Think of two mistakes Archne made in her relationship with Athena.

1) To claim that her art was greater than Athenas, the goddess of wisdom and crafts.

2) To

3) To

4. When did Archne get ashamed? ____________________________________________.

5. What did she realise at that moment? 1) That she shouldnt have claimed that her art was greater than Athenas.

2) That she shouldnt have

3) That she

6. Why shouldnt she have made these mistakes? Look at the comparative table below to answer the question.

ATHENA ARACHNE

Goddess Human

Immortal Mortal

Mighty/powerful Humble

Proud

Best weaver

7. What is the moral of the story? The moral of the story is that __________ shouldnt ___________ to _______________.

8. Myths reflect the ideology of the society that made them up; look at the table above and decide if the fact of being proud is a positive or a negative value or if it depends on the kind of person who is proud.

9. Look at the table below and consider if the society that made up this myth is a class-conscious one. Then fill in the gaps with the words in the box.

Upper social class

(ATHENA)

Lower social class

(ARACHNE)

Mighty/powerful Humble

Ruler and judge Judged and ruled

Proud

Best at doing something

Arachne was .......... her art and .......... herself with Athena. Athena, disguised as an old woman, .......... Arachne not to

......... the gods. Arachne .......... the goddess to a contest. She was .......... towards the gods. Athena .......... Arachnes

work and tools. Finally, Athena ........... Arachne to a hideous beast: to a spider.

So it happens to .......... people when they want to be equal to .......... people: they are .......... and .......... to the slightest.

warned / compared / proud of / challenged / destroyed (2)/ reduced (2)/

disrespectful / offend / lower class / upper class /



Why Classical Mythology? Power Point presentation activities.

Look at these pictures and discuss the following questions with your partner/s. After you have

discussed them they will be discussed by the whole class.

Where is Medusas head represented?

What kind of shop are these?

What element of Medusas story has been chosen here?

Does this element have a positive or a negative meaning here?

In your opinion, what do people think about other people who have tattoos, piercings or their

hair done in dreadlocks?

Do you think that there is a different concept of beauty here an alternative beauty?

How has Medusas motive changed from ancient times to nowadays?

Do you think that knowing Medusas story has helped you understand your environment

better?

The academy of hair

and beauty. Derby

(United Kingdom).

Photograh by Pilar

Torres (2008)

Tattoo and piercing Medusa,

Barcelona. Photograph by Pilar Torres

(2008)



UNIT 2: SOURCES OF CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY

1. Go to the website http://historylink102.com/greece2/sources.htm and fill in the table

with the requested information about your author, then tick the degree of certainty

of our knowledge about them.

QUESTION ANSWER

DEGREE OF CERTAINTY

We are

sure about

this

It is

probable

We dont

know

Not

informe

d

What is his name?

Where was he born?

When did he live?

What kind of poetry did

he compose/ write?

In what language did he

write/compose his works?

(Greek / Latin)

How many works did he

write?

How many of his works

have survived?

Could you cite some of his

works?

Could you give many

details about his life?

http://historylink102.com/greece2/sources.htm



2. Now complete the table of authors with information from your classmates:

AUTHORS

NAME

PERIOD HE

WAS BORN OR

LIVED IN

LANGUAG

E WORKS

LITERARY

GENRE

HOW

MUCH DO

WE KNOW

ABOUT

HIM?

ca 8th c BC

ca 8th-7th c BC

525-456 BC

496-406 BC

ca 480-406 BC

70-19 BC

43 BC-17 AD

3. In pairs, answer the following questions:

a) Who are the authors in the table we know less about?

b) Who are the best known authors in the table?

c) Why do you think it is so?



UNIT 2. SORUCES OF CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY

ACTIVITIES

1. Match each author with his period and work:

1) Virgil A) 496-406 BC a) Metamorphoses

2) Aeschylus B) 8th century BC b) Medea

3) Hesiod C) 70-19 BC c) Aeneid

4) Homer D) 8th-7th century BC d) Agamemnon, Prometeus bound

5) Sophocles E) 526-456 BC e) Oedipus the King, Antigone

6) Ovid F) 43 BC-17 AD f) Theogony, Works and Days

7) Euripides G) 480-406 BC g) Iliad, Odyssey

2. Read the summaries below and match them with the right title.

a) This play by Sophocles shows the tragedy of a hero when finds out that he has

killed his father and has married his mother.

b) This play by Euripides shows the tragedy of a heroine who kills her own

children in vengeance because her husband has abandoned her to marry

another woman.

c) This long poem takes its title from a Greek word that means transformations,

because it narrates how some mythic characters were turned into animals

(Arachne), trees (Daphne), etc.

d) This long poem narrates the origin of the world and of the gods, and how Zeus

became the ruler of the universe.

e) This epic poem tells of the wrath of Achilles, when he and Agamemnon chief of

the Greek army at Troyquarrel and part because of a woman. Achilles then

quits the fighting out of anger until Patroclus, his best friend, is killed by Trojan

prince Hector. That is why Achilles decides to return to the battlefield and kills

Hector in vengeance.

f) This epic poem by Virgil narrates the adventures of a Trojan hero, the only one

who was able to escape safe and sound from the city when the Greeks sacked it.

He and his people then sailed across the Mediterranean Sea until they arrived in

Italy and founded the city of Alba Longa and the lineage of Rome.

g) This play by Aeschylus is the tragedy of the chief of the Greek army at Troy,

when he gets back home and is killed by his wife Clitemnestra and her lover

Aegistus.

3. Which of the authors above were the three famous Athenian playwrights?

4. Which of them wrote epic poems?



UNIT 2: SOURCES FOR CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY (Power Point presentation)

TEXT 1

Sing, goddess, the anger of Achilles, son of Peleus, that accursed anger, which brought the

Greeks endless sufferings and sent the mighty souls of many warriors to Hades, leaving

their bodies as carrion for the dogs and a feast for the birds It all began when

Agamemnon lord of men and godlike Achilles quarrelled and parted.

TEXT 2

Tell me, Muse, the story of that resourceful man who was driven to wander far and wide

after he had sacked the holy citadel of Troy. He saw the cities of many people and he

learnt their ways. He suffered great anguish on the high seas in his struggles to preserve

his life and bring his comrades home Tell us this story, goddess daughter of Zeus,

beginning at whatever point you will.

TEXT 3

From the Muses of Helicon let us begin our singing Once they taught Hesiod fine

singing as he tended his lambs below holy Helicon and they gave me a branch of bay for

a staff and they breathed into me wondrous voice, and they told me to sing of the family

of blessed ones who are for ever.



With your partner, complete the following tables:

TEXT 1

TITLE

AUTHOR

ARGUMENT

WHO SINGS/TELLS THE

STORY?

TEXT 2

TITLE

AUTHOR

ARGUMENT

WHO SINGS/TELLS THE

STORY?

TEXT 3

TITLE

AUTHOR

ARGUMENT

WHO SINGS/TELLS THE

STORY?



According to these fragments, early forms of poetry consisted of s_ _ _ _.

Therefore, people did not read these poems but they

l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ to them.

Early poets s_ _ _ their poems to their audience by means of improvisation, because

writing had not been introduced yet.

That is why m_ _ _ _ _ was so important to them. However, in ancient times people

did not know how memorisation or poetry making worked, so they explained these

activities through a _ _ _ _.

How did poets make poems, then? Find a mythological reason .



UNIT 2. SORUCES OF CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY

ACTIVITIES

1. Fill in the gaps in this text about the nine Muses.

The Muses, goddesses of p________, m________ and d_________, were daughters of

Zeus and the Titaness M___________. In ancient Greek, this word means

m_________. Memory was very important to poets because in those times poetry

was o_________ and poets had to remember everything without the help of writing.

The main function of the Muses was to i__________ poets.

2. Read the texts about the nine Muses, then look at the pictures on the next page and

write their names and the art or science assigned to each of them.

3. Make sentences about de Muses following the pattern below:

The

first Muse

is

because she is

holding a

wearing a

posing

4. Write the terms for each definition:

a) ________________: a building where objects of historical, scientific or artistic interest

are kept.

b) ________________: a pattern of sounds made by musical instruments, singing or

computers or a combination of these intended to give pleasure to people listening to

it.



1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

THE NINE

MUSES Sgraffito by Lithuanian

painter Rimantas Gibaviius

(1935-1993) in the vestibule

of the Nine Muses on the

second floor of the south

building of the S. Daukantas

Courtyard (Vilnius

University, Philology

faculty). 1970

6) 7) 8) 9)

CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY: THE OLYMPIAN GODS STUDENT WORKSHEETS

Pilar Torres Carmona IES Narcs Monturiol

Sources for the pictures of the nine Muses:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Urania_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Calliope_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Clio_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Erato_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Euterpe_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Melpomene_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Polyhymnia_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Terpsichore_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Thalia_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Urania_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Urania_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Calliope_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Clio_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Erato_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Euterpe_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Melpomene_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Polyhymnia_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Terpsichore_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Thalia_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Urania_in_Domus_Philologiae.JPG



1. Complete the family tree of the Olympian Gods and Goddesses with the information you have obtained from the presentation. Paint each label in a different colour according to the key attached to

the family tree:

GAIA

OCEANUS THEA PHOEBE THEMIS MNEMOSYNE

ZEUS

APHRODITE

HERA DEMETER

Primal gods

Titans

Olympians I

Olympians II

Other deities

Mortals

THE GREEK GODS

FAMILY TREE

TETHYS HYPERION COEUS IAPETUS CRIUS



2. What is the chronological order of the events? In groups, write a number from 1to 21 next

to each letter (number 1 is done). Then copy down the sentences in the correct order in the

space below the table.

ORDER EVENTS

A___ Gaia persuaded Kronos, her youngest son, to attack his father.

B___ Uranos blood dripped down to the sea and from the foam Aphrodite came to

life.

C___ Kronos swallowed his children as soon as they were born.

D 1 In the beginning there was Chaos.

E___ Rhea tricked Kronos with a stone wrapped up as a baby and he swallowed it as

if it was the new born child.

F___ Kronos was banished and Zeus took his place.

G___ Out of Chaos came Gaia, the Earth.

H___ Gaia and Uranos gave birth to the first generation of gods, the twelve Titans.

I___ Uranos was so afraid of his children that he kept them in the dark centre of the

earth.

J___ When Zeus, the youngest child of Kronos and Rhea, was about to be born, Rhea

asked Gaia and Uranos for help to save her son.

K___ Zeus grew up hidden from his father and when he came of age decided to fight

him.

L___ Gaia produced a son, Uranos, the Sky.

M___ Kronos attacked Uranos with a sharp sickle while he was asleep.

N___ Zeus gave a potion to Kronos that made him sick.

O___ Gaia was very angry with Uranos because of that.

P___ Zeus and his brothers Poseidon and Hades shared the power: Poseidon got the

realm of the sea and Hades the Underworld.

Q___ Uranos was left wounded and powerless and Kronos became the new ruler of

the world.

R___ Kronos threw up his five children, still alive.

S___ Gaia and Uranos hid Rhea in a cave, where she gave birth to Zeus.

T___ Kronos married his sister Rhea, and had six children: Hestia, Demeter, Hera,

Hades, Poseidon and Zeus.

U___ Along with his brothers and sisters, Zeus fought against Kronos and the Titans.



Therefore; then (3); meanwhile; firstly; however (2); at the end; finally; after that (2); later; so

that (2); so; secondly

3. In pairs, fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box below.

(1) In the beginning there was Chaos. (2) Out of Chaos came Gaia, the Earth. (3) Gaia _______

produced a son, Uranus, the Sky. (4) _______ Gaia and Uranus gave birth to the first generation of

gods, the twelve Titans. (5) Uranus, _______, was so afraid of his children that kept them in the

dark centre of the earth, _______ (6) Gaia was very angry because of that. (7) _______Gaia

persuaded Kronos, his youngest son, to attack his father. (8) _______ Kronos attacked Uranus with

a sharp sickle while he was asleep. (9) Uranus blood _______ dripped down to the sea and from

the foam Aphrodite came to life. (10) Uranus was left wounded and powerless and Kronos

became the new ruler of the universe. (11) _______ Kronos married his sister Rhea and they had

six children: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon and Zeus. (12) Kronos, _______, swallowed

his children as soon as they were born. (13) When Zeus, the youngest child of Kronos and Rhea,

was about to be born, Rhea asked Gaia and Uranus for help to save her child. (14) They _______

hid Rhea in a cave, where she gave birth to Zeus. (15) _______ Rhea tricked Kronos with a stone

wrapped up as a baby and he swallowed it as it if was the new born child. (16) _______, Zeus

grew up hidden from his father and when he came of age he decided to fight him. (17) _______, he

gave a potion to Kronos that made him sick so that (18) he threw up his five children still alive.

(19) _______, along with his brothers and sisters, Zeus fought against Kronos and the Titans. (20)

_______ Kronos was banished and Zeus took his place. (21) _______ Zeus and his brothers

Poseidon and Hades shared the power: Poseidon got the realm of the sea and Hades the

Underworld.



4. Many words we use in our studies come from ancient Greek. Fill in the table below with

the word that results from combining the given stems. What do the new words mean?

a-

non-/without

-logy

study

-gony

origin

poly-

many

mono-

one single -metry measure

cosmo-

order; univers ----

--- --- ---

theo- god ---

geo- earth --- --- --- ---

5. Write the following words next to their definition (from Cambridge Advanced Learners

Dictionary CD).

a) _____________: A state of total confusion and lack of order.

b) _____________: Related to sexual desire and pleasure.

c) _____________: A light strong metallic element.

d) _____________: A heavy metal which is radioactive and is used in the production of

nuclear power and in some types of nuclear weapon.

e) _____________: Something, usually a drug or food, which is believed to cause sexual desire

in people.

Aphrodisiac, Erotic, Titanium, Uranium, Chaos, Titanic



UNIT 3. THE ORIGIN OF THE WORLD AND OF THE GODS

WHY GODS ARE IMMORTAL (Group and pair work)

1. Read the text below and answer the questions that you can with the information

from the text.

TEXT 1 (group 1)

a) What do gods have instead of blood?

b) Why are gods immortal?

c) What do they eat and drink?

d) What do mortals eat and drink?

e) Do you think that gods grew old? Justify your answer.

2. Now fill in the table with the information gathered from the other groups texts to

show the differences between gods and humans.

GODS

are immortal

while HUMANS

are mortal

3. You now know the differences between gods and humans. But in what were they

similar? Discuss it with your partner and try to find three things that gods and

humans had in common according to Greek mythology. Here you have some

questions to help you.

a) What did both gods and humans look like? Give some examples.

b) How did both gods and humans behave? Give some examples.

c) Could both gods and humans be wounded?

Diomedes, meanwhile, had gone in pursuit of Aphrodite with his spear, knowing what a timid

goddess she was. After a long chase through the crowd he caught up with her and stabbed her

soft hand at the base of the palm. The point pierced her flesh where the palm joins the wrist. Out

came the goddess immortal blood, the ichor that runs in the veins of the gods, who eat no bread

and drink no sparkling wine and so are bloodless and called immortals.

Adapted from Homer, Iliad, V, 330-340

Penguin classics, 2003






from the text.

TEXT 2 (group 2)








GODS

are immortal

while HUMANS

are mortal








The divine Calypso seated Hermes on a brightly polished chair. The goddess now put some

ambrosia on a table, drew it to his side, and mixed him a cup of red nectar. The Messenger began

to eat and drink, and when he had dined and refreshed himself, he answered Calypsos questions.

Adapted from Homer, Odyssey, V, 85-95







from the text.

TEXT 3 (group 3)








GODS

are immortal

while HUMANS

are mortal








The goddess and the man reached the great cavern together and Odysseus seated himself on the

chair that Hermes had just left. The Nymph placed at his side the various kinds of food and drink

that mortal men consume, and sat down facing the noble Odysseus. Her maids set ambrosia and

nectar beside her, and the two helped themselves to the meal spread before them.

Adapted from Homer, Odyssey, V, 191-198




Revision activities for units 1, 2 and 3

1. Look at this picture of a shops sign in Barcelona. Then read the text from the

Wikipedia and answer the questions.

In Greek mythology, Hb (Greek: ) is

the goddess of youth (Roman equivalent:

Juventas). She is the daughter of Zeus and

Hera. Hb was the cupbearer for the gods

and goddesses of Mount Olympus, serving

their nectar and ambrosia.

From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)

A) In your opinion, is Hebe a good name for a cosmetics and perfumes shop? Justify

your answer.

B) Why did Hebe (= Youth) serve nectar and ambrosia to the gods?

C) In your opinion, why did ancient Greeks imagine their gods young and immortal?

2. Look at these vases and write the correct name in the boxes.

Body; handle; neck; foot; lip; mouth; stem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupbearerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Olympushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)



3. Complete the following table. You can use the words in the exercise above.

Shape Name Use Description

Amphora It was used to store

and transport food.

This vase consists of a

large____, a narrow

____, two vertical ______

and a short ______

without stem


short and wide ______

on a long ______ and of

two vertical and high

______.


wide and shallow

_______ on a thin ______

and two horizontal

_________.

____________________ a

bell-shaped body on a

________ stem and two

__________ handles

This vase consists of an

S-________ body, a

trefoil-_______ ________

and a _________ handle.


broad _________ on a

short ______, a narrow

________ and ______

handles: two _______

and one _______.

This

__________________ of a

________ and _______

body on a short ______

and a single handle on

the _______.



4. Read the following text by the Greek historian Herodotus (ca. 485-425 BC) and

answer the questions.

A) According to Herodotus, when did Homer and Hesiod live?

B) Why does Herodotus say that Hesiod and Homer crated the gods family trees

and gave them their names?

C) Herodotus also refers to the gods aspect. According to the literary and artistic

sources, what did Greek gods look like?

5. How did Rhea trick Kronos to prevent him from eating little Zeus?

I think that Hesiod and Homer lived no more than four hundred years before my

time, and they were the ones who created the gods family trees for the Greek

world, gave them their names, assigned them their honours and areas of expertise,

and told us what they looked like.

Herodotus, The Stories, translation by Robin Waterfield

Oxford Worlds Classics, 2008

Oxford University Press

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