climate analysis workshop

7/27/2019 climate analysis workshop

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Understanding Weather Files and Visualizing DataUsing Computerized Tools

Climate Analysis

RESULTSLOADSGEOMETRY

Harvard Graduate School of Design

Diego Ibarra, M.Arch, MDesS, Doctoral Student. Sustainable Design.

Digital Workshops Series



Weather Files (EPW, WEA, etc)

Overview of the Weather Tool

Overview of Climate Consultant 4

Demo: Visualization of EPW’s using

Weather Tool

Demo: Editing EPW’s using Excel

Agenda

Diego Ibarra



Diego Ibarra

Context: All Environmental Design starts with a

comprehensive Climate Analysis.

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Orientations Daylight CFD

Solar rays Energy use LCA



Sustainable Design…It all starts by analyzing the local

environmental conditions….

Diego Ibarra



Different GUIs for visualizing

Weather Data

OVERVIEW

Weather Files

(i.e. Energy Plus Weather FilesEPW)

Graphical User Interfaces

Other..Weather Data(EPW)



A TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological

elements for a 1-year period.

It consists of months selected from individual years and concatenated to form

a complete year. Because of the selection criteria, TMYs are not appropriate

for simulations of wind energy conversion systems.

A TMY provides a standard for hourly data for solar radiation and other

meteorological elements that permit performance comparisons of system

types and configurations for one or more locations.

A TMY in not necessarily a good indicator of conditions over the next year, or

even the next 5 years. Rather, it represents conditions judged to be typicalover a long period of time, such as 30 years. Because they represent typical

rather than extreme conditions, they are not suited for designing systems and

their components to meet the worst-case conditions occurring at a location.

(User's Manual for TMY2s)

Fundamentals: Typical Meteorological Year -

A Description

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TMY data sets derived from the 1953 - 1975 National Climatic

Data Center (NCDC), for 26 stations.

TMY2 data sets derived from the 1961-1990 National SolarRadiation Data Base (NSRDB), for 239 stations.

TMY3 data sets derived from the 1961-1990 and 1991-2005

National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB), for 1020

stations.

NOTE: TMY, TMY2 and TMY3 data sets cannot be used interchangeably because of differences in time (solar

versus local), formats, elements, and units. Unless they are revised, programs designed for TMY data will not

work with TMY2 data.

All illuminance and luminance values for all TMY3 stations from January 2 to 31 should be multiplied by 100

to obtain the correct units of Lux and Candela per square meter. NREL will be posting a corrected data set in

the near future (older TMY3s).

Weather Data Sets

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WEA: Weather Data File

EPW: Energy Plus Weather Data files

IWEC (Data set: new International

Weather for Energy Calculations format

from ASHRAE)

Weather Files

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International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC)

The IWEC are the result of ASHRAE Research Project 1015 by Numerical Logics and

Bodycote Materials Testing Canada for ASHRAE Technical Committee 4.2

Weather Information. The IWEC data files are 'typical' weather files suitable for

use with building energy simulation programs for 227 locations outside the USA

and Canada. All 227 locations in the IWEC data set are available for download in

EnergyPlus weather format.

The files are derived from up to 18 years of DATSAV3 hourly weather data originally

archived at the U. S. National Climatic Data Center. The weather data is

supplemented by solar radiation estimated on an hourly basis from earth-sun

geometry and hourly weather elements, particularly cloud amount information.The IWEC CD-ROM is available from ASHRAE. The reference for the IWEC is:

ASHRAE. 2001. International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC Weather Files)

Users Manual and CD-ROM, Atlanta: ASHRAE

Weather Files

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Global Irradiation is the amount of energy striking a horizontal surface

during the hour.

Direct Beam Irradiation gives the irradiation striking a plate perpendicular

to the sun's rays but does not include diffuse radiation.

Dry Bulb Temperature and Wind Speed are averaged over the hour.

The Wet Bulb Temperature is the temperature shown by a thermometerbulb surrounded by a damp wick. The WBT varies from the dry bulb

temperature according to the amount of evaporation and thus the humidity.

Wind Direction shows the compass points from which the wind is coming.

Usually measured at 10mts high at an unobstructed location (airports).

Cloud Cover is a visual estimate of the proportion of cloud covering the sky.

In this case it is in eights so 0 is no cloud and 8 is full cloud cover.

Weather Files

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Hourly temperatures

Solar radiation (global and direct)

Humidity

Wind (direction and speed)

Cloud cover

Weather Files summary…

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The Weather Tool uses its own proprietary .WEA fileformat, also used by all Square One products.

File sizes were once an issue…. some ASCII weather filesare “larger”, such as the TMY2 format for example,weighing in at over 1.2Meg. The WEA file comes in at139K, stores roughly the same data and compresses

down to less than 55K.

It DOES NOT store the same number of data validation

flags as EPWs, however this is not necessary for the usesto which it is put in a weather visualization tool. Be surein the future to run energy simulations with EPW files.

WeatherTool File Format: .WEA

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Weather data for more than 2100 locations are now

available in EnergyPlus weather format — 1042

locations in the USA, 71 locations in Canada, and

more than 1000 locations in 100 other countriesthroughout the world. (Compiled from TMY, TMY2,

TMY3, and other international data sets).

EPW: U.S. Department of Energy

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Downloading EPW’s

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Downloading EPW’s

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Each file is named using the ISO standard three-letter country abbreviation (i.e. CUB for Cuba), followed by the location name, World Meteorological Organization designation

(WMO) and the source format (CTZ2, CWEC, CityUHK, CSWD, CTYW, ETMY, IGDG, IMGW,

IMS, INETI, ISHRAE, ITMY, IWEC, KISR, NIWA, RMY, SWEC, SWERA, or TMY3). Thus,

CUB_Havana.782240_IWEC.epw — is the EnergyPlus weather file (EPW) from the ASHRAE International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC) data for Havana, Cuba,

WMO 782240.

There are three files associated with each location: EnergyPlus weather fi les (EPW), a

summary report on the data (STAT), and a compressed file (ZIP) which contains the EPW,STAT, and DDY (design conditions) fi les for the location. Note: all IWEC files only have

STAT and ZIP fi les.

Viewing Instructions

You can view the individual EPW and STAT files by clicking on one of the buttons above.

Download Instructions

For a specific location, you can download either Individual weather data files (EPW

format) or a data summary report (STAT format). File sizes range from 0.9 - 1.4 MB.

Or a ZIP fi le containing both weather data and summary report, EPW, and STAT formats.Files sizes range from 190 - 250 KB.

EPW: U.S. Department of Energy

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The Weather Tool is a

visualization and analysis

program for hourly climate

data. It recognizes a wide

range of international

weather file formats.

Weather Tool (Originally Square One bought by Autodesk…)

Graphical User Interface

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Very user friendly Graphical User Interface. If you are

using ECOTECT, it comes with the suite. Maintains a

design expression of a report or presentation.

Flashy visualizations: loved by architects and great

impact on clients.

Easier to identify SOME patterns and subtle details that

characterize each different climate. (Solar)

Thresholds are less customizable and less detailed.

No available detailed technical information about the

passive strategies criteria (black box).

Weather Tool- Benefits

Diego Ibarra



No available detailed technical information about

the passive strategies criteria (black box).

USE MAINLY TO DERIVE GENERAL CLIMATIC

CONDITIONS or TO CARRY OUT CLIMATE

COMPARISONS. (Relative Differences)

For detailed quantitative analysis the use of Climate Consultant is suggested.

Weather Tool- Benefits

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Diego Ibarra

Weather Tool



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Stereographic Chart

Shifting the curve to the left

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Boston: June



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: October



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: December



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: March



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: June



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: All year



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: All year



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: All year plan view



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: view in Weather Tool



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Stereographic Chart


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How to read the chart…



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Stereographic Chart: azimuth angles


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130°



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Stereographic Chart: Altitude Lines


12 129°

Degrees°



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Stereographic Chart: Date Lines


12 July

Months

Dec



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Stereographic Chart: Hour Lines


1

9:00am

Hours



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Stereographic Chart


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Or just read….



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Psychrometric Chart


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How to read the chart…



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Psychrometric Chart: temperature axis


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Temperature (C° - F°)



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Psychrometric Chart: temperature lines


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Temperature (C° - F°)



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Psychrometric Chart: absolute humidity axis


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Absolute Humidity

W

(g/kga)



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Psychrometric Chart. Absolute humidity lines


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Temperature

W

(g/kga)



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Psychrometric Chart: dew point line


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Dew point



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Dew point(condensation)

30 C°

35g/kga



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Dew point(condensation)

20 C°

15g/kga



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Psychrometric Chart: relative humidity idea


30 C°

50 %

75 %

25 %

100 %

0 %



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Psychrometric Chart: Relative Humidity lines


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Relative Humidity LinesConnecting the lines at each

specific temperature


50 %

75 %

25 %

P h i Ch WBT ( b lb )



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Psychrometric Chart: WBT (wet bulb temp.)


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More air mixture

information hiddenin the graph…

P h t i Ch t E th l



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Psychrometric Chart: Enthalpy


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More air mixture


Joules/Kg of dry air(20.000-110.000)

P h t i Ch t S ifi V l



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Psychrometric Chart: Specific Volume


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More air mixture


m3/Kg of dry air

P h t i Ch t



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Psychrometric Chart


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Comfort Zone

St hi Ch t



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Stereographic Chart


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Boston: view in Weather Tool

W th T l



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Weather Tool

Weather file directory

W th T l



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Weather Tool

Data Categories

W th T l



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Weather Tool

Data visualization

W th T l



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Weather Tool

Analysis Techniques: Climate Comparison



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ABU DHABI: Average Dry Bulb Temperature

Max: 43° C

BOSTON: Average Dry Bulb Temperature

Max: 20 ° C




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ABU DHABI :Direct Solar Radiation

Max. aprox: 900 W/m2

BOSTON:Direct Solar Radiation

Max. aprox: 500 W/m2

Analysis Techniques: Absolute values



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Sun posit ion 22 October 8:30pm -117.3º, 26.7º

Sun position 19 November 12:00pm -177.8º, 46.3º

Sun posit ion 22 October 4:30pm -103.8º, 21.5º

South : 956 kWh/m2/a

East : 778 kWh/m2/a

-132 Degrees:

1,083 kWh/m2/a

North : 343 kWh/m2/a

Analysis Techniques: Absolute values



Developed by the Department of

Architecture and Urban Design.

University of California, Los

Angeles.

Graphically displays climate data

in either metric or imperial units

in dozens of ways useful toarchitects.

Climate Consultant 4

Graphical User Interface

Diego Ibarra



Easier to identify unique patterns and subtle details that

characterize each different climate.

Thresholds and comfort zones are more flexible.

In contrast to The Weather Tool, detailed technical

information about the passive strategies criteria is

documented and freely available.

Climate Consultant 4 - Benefits

Diego Ibarra



The “Wind Wheel” graphics shows velocity and

direction correlated with temperature and

humidity, and can be animated hourly or daily or

monthly.

The psychrometric analysis recommends the most

appropriate passive design strategies as outlined

in Givoni’s Man Climate and Architecture.

Climate Consultant is written in Java and runs on

both Windows and Mac OS X computers.


Diego Ibarra




Diego Ibarra





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Top 20 Passive Design Guidelines



It now calculates a set of the top 20 Design Guidelines

based on your unique climate and the passive design

strategies you selected on the Psychrometric Chart.

Each Guideline has a sketch illustrating how it applies. The

Guidelines and their accompanying sketches were based in

part on Watson and Labs Climatic Building Design, and on

Loftness,.et.al, Regional Guidelines for Building Passive

Energy Conserving Homes.

Diego Ibarra

Top 20 Passive Design Guidelines

Selecting Passive Strategies



GSD 6413 – ZED WORKSHOP – RESEARCH NAME

18 SEP 2009

* source: Energy center of WisconsinDiego Ibarra

Selecting Passive Strategiesmust take into account the building typology/use

Windows VISTA installation issues



Vista users sometimes have installation problems. In the

current version, the C:\Program Files has a stringent

security mechanism that has resulted in many complaints.

Users cannot explicitly create files in this directory hierarchy.

Vista 7 may allow users to lower this level of security. Here

is a workaround. When you install the program, explicitly

change the target directory to C:\CC4 in order to bypass the

C:\Program Files security restriction then the installation

should finish without error.

Windows VISTA installation issues

Diego Ibarra

Technical Paper – Climate Consultant



For more information download the technical paper for Climate

Consultant:

“Climate Consultant 3.0: A Tool for Visualizing Building Energy

Implications of Climates” Murray Milne, Robin Liggett, and Rashed

Al-Shaali, Proceedings of the American Solar Energy Association

Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, July, 2007.

http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/papers.html

Developers: Professor Murray Milne

Department of Architecture and Urban Design

University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California 90095-1467

[email protected]

Technical Paper Climate Consultant

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Demo…

Diego Ibarra

The Weather Tool


Importing EPW’s

Editing EPW’s in Excel



Questions…

[email protected]

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