CLIMATE AND AIR/SEA INTERACTIONS

Ekman Spiral

Upwelling along the California coast

What’s the What’s the thermohaline thermohaline circulation?circulation?

The Thermohaline Circulation

Air/sea interactions during normal & El Niños

El NiñoEl NiñoLa NiñaLa Niña

El Niño & Health Impacts

+ -Warm Phase Cool Phase

Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)

The Case of the Disappearing Salmon

http://essea.strategies.org/module.php?module_id=121

Precipitation anomalies during La Niña years

Goldenberg et al., Science, 2001

# of Big Hurricanes

AMO

Atlantic Hurricanes and the AMOAtlantic Hurricanes and the AMO

El NiñoEl Niño

La NiñaLa Niña

Positive PDOPositive PDO

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Negative PDONegative PDO

The Arctic Oscillation

AIR/SEA INTERACTIONS