Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course

7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course

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Greening the Development toCombat Climate Change

Dr. Rajeswar JonnalagaddaDirector (Training & Research)Centre for Climate Change and Environment Advisory (CCCEA)Dr. MCR HRD Institute of APRoad # 25, Jubilee Hills. HyderabadMobile: 9490381992 / 9248032072

Email: [email protected]@gmail.com

10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)


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The Journey of Development

Economy as the Engine of Development

Energy as the fuel for DevelopmentEquity as a sort of Seating Arrangement for allthe Commuters

Environment, as the Green-Track, withSignboards

Entropy manifested in Pollution and Disorder



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An Introspective of DevelopmentPrinciple of Social-Ecology

Appropriation of Natural Resources andInstitutions

Social-Darwinism

Genetic Determinism and Eugenics

Structural Violence as defined byJohan Galtung

Unlike direct violence, structural violence is theinstitutionalized impairment of basic securities

Historic Examples

Current Examples



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The Giant Footprint of EconomicGrowth



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Climate Change

What is It?

Established Anthropogenic ContributionImplications of Climate Change



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Impact of climate change on waterresourcesDecline in the glaciers and the snowfields in theHimalayasIncreased drought like situations due to overall

decrease in the number of rainy days over a major part ofthe countryIncreased flood events due to overall increase in therainy day intensityEffect on groundwater quality in alluvial aquifers due to

increased flood and drought eventsInfluence on groundwater recharge due to changes inprecipitation and evapo-transpirationIncreased saline intrusion of coastal and island aquifersdue to rising sea levels

10/11/2013 CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)


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Implications of Climate Change

Loss of weather-sensitive LivelihoodsHunger and Starvation

Poor Water & Sanitation ConditionsNexus between Poverty, Malnutrition and MorbidityResurgence of Tropical Communicable DiseasesDisplacement and Migration due to Frequent Floodsand Droughts.

Rise in sea-level and Intrusion of Sea water intoCoastal LandsClimate change has become a major hurdle in theaccomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals(especially MDGs 1 & 7) in India



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Climate Change Vulnerability

Climate Change Vulnerability is defined as

the extent to which climate change maydamage or harm a system.

It depends not only on a systems sensitivity,but also on its ability to adapt to new climatic

conditions



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CCVI: IPCC DefinitionThe extent to which a natural or social system issusceptible to sustaining damage from climate

change.Vulnerability Index is a function of:The magnitude of climate change,

The sensitivity of the system to changes in climate and

The ability to adapt the system to changes in climateA highly vulnerable system is one that is highlysensitive to modest changes in climate and one for

which the ability to adapt is severely constrained



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Climate Change Vulnerability Index Map

http://www.maplecroft.com/about/news/ccvi.html


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Indias Vulnerability to DisastersIndia supports 1/6th of the worlds population on just2% ofworls landmassNearly 59 % ofIndias land area is prone to earthquakesof moderate to very high intensityOver 40 million hectares (12 % of land), is prone tofloodsClose to 5700 km of its 7500 km coast line (about 76%),is cyclone prone and exposed to tsunamis and storm

surges2% of land is landslide prone68% ofIndias arable land is affected by droughts



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HUNGaMA on Food Security

Development that is anamolous

42% of children in India are underweight andmalnourished

One-Third of children in Andhra Pradesh provincein India are malnourished



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The Carbon Footprint of Agricultureand Forestry

Agriculture accounts for 13.5 percent of all GHGemissionsLand use change and forestry represent 17.4percent of all GHG emissionsThus, AFOLU account for more than 30% of the

total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG)emissionsAgriculture accounts for about 60% of N2O and50% of CH4 emissions



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Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture

Climate change may reduce irrigated wheat yield by 30percent

Climate change may reduce irrigated rice yield by 15percent

Climate change may reduce tropical rain-fed agriculturalyield by 50 percent



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Mitigation potential of Agriculture and Forestry

Mitigation of GHG emissions in Agriculture and forestry

may be seen as a co-benefit whilst increasing productivityin a climate-resilient manner

Mitigation potential of Agriculture 5.56 GtCO2e/yr

This is equivalent to more than a fifth of the fossil carbon

contribution to the global carbon emissionsMitigation potential of Forestry 5.4 GtCO2e/yr



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Transportation: Cause/Consequence ofUrbanization?Peak private vehicular density has already crossed170 vehicles per lane kilometer 50 percent higherthan the basic requirement.

On current trends, over the next 20 years, peakvehicular densities may reach as high as 610 vehiclesper lane kilometer, requiring up to five hours for anaverage journey in peak morning traffic.

Reverse Migration possible with IntegratedTransport Planning



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Unique features of IndianTransportation

Dominance of 2-wheelers makes a shift to publictransport much more difficult to achieveRising income creates an urge to own a personalvehicle (Declining number of two-wheelers,substituted by cars)Poor social image of the bus usage

Disrespect to NMTOut of 85 cities with over 0.5 million people, only 20have a structured bus service



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National Policies Related toEnvironment & Climate Change

Indian Energy Conservation Act 2001 and BEE

National Water Policy, 2002

Disaster Management Act, 2005National Environmental Policy, 2006

National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007

National Bio-Fuels Policy, 2008.

Indian Forest Rights Act, 2008Coastal Regulation Zone, 2011

National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2008



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Conventional Policy Frameworks: aCommon man critique

Mostly ad-hoc and reactive more as anafterthought rather than proactive and futuristic

Learning through doing if not trial and error

Marrying in haste and repenting in leisure

Tend to be incremental with piece-meal

approach, averse to Paradigm-shifts, therebytrying to postpone the inevitable

Inherently open-ended leaving scope for gaps(if not lapses) in execution



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Response to Climate Change

Mitigation & Adaptation: a Dual Approach toTackle Climate Change

Mitigation is more of a Top-Down, Market-Mediated, Technological solution to Climate Change

Adaptation involves Multi-stakeholder

Governance and Management with a Bottom-UpApproach



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Adaptation to Climate Change Involves

Living with climate change by means of

Food SecurityWater Security and Sanitation

Health Security

Livelihood Security

Energy Security and EmpowermentEquity

Inclusive Growth



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National Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC)

National Solar MissionNational Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

National Water Mission

National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan EcosystemNational Mission for a Green India

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change



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Interdependence of Inclusive-Growth& Adaptation to Climate Change

Both involve peripheral and marginalizedcommunities.

Institutionalized Empowerment of stake-holders

Bottom-up approachPeople Centric and pro-poor

Both emphasize on decentralized developmentfor less carbon-intensive economic growth



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Need for a New Development ManifestoGoing Beyond Money-Metric Methods, in prioritizing theDevelopment Indices

Renewable Energies for a Conservation-based Development

Benign Technology and Sustainable EconomyInformed Consent and Involvement of Stake-Holders inDecision-Making

Participatory Democracy for a Decentralized and Bottom-

Up DevelopmentInclusiveGrowth

Less Carbon Intensive Growth



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Green Balance



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Thank you


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Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course

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