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CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON FISHERIES
RESOURCES IN BANGLADESH
International Conference on Environmental Aspects of Bangladesh (ICEAB)
Sept. 4, 2010. Japan.
PresenterMuhammad Tanvir Hossain Chowdhury
PhD Student, Department of Biotechnology Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
MTH Chowdhury, ZP Sukhan1, MA Hannan Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, South Korea
1Laboratory of Marine Biology, Kyushu University, Japan
INTRODUCTION
TemperatureRainfall
Hydrology
Directly affect
Freshwater Fisheries
Marine Fisheries
Fish ProductionFish Production
On the basis of vulnerability
Source: Macfadyen, G., and Allison, E. (2009). P 38.
On the basis of adaptive capacity
Source: Macfadyen, G., and Allison, E. (2009). P 38.
INTRODUCTIONmost vulnerable countries in Asia
depending on the vulnerability of national economy to the impacts of climate change on fisheries
VULNERABILITY
* Predicted warming
* Relative importance of fisheries to national economics and diet
* Limited societal capacity to potential impacts and opportunities
CombinedCombinedEffect ofEffect of
has lowest adaptive capacity to climate change in fisheries
• Climate change directly affect fishery production
• Fish reproduction, growth and migration patterns are all affected by temperature, rainfall and hydrology
• Climate change is likely to adversely affect both the fresh water and marine fisheries in Bangladesh.
INTRODUCTION
12 M+2nd; 4.83%
Foreign Exchange
4.48 %
GDP
Contribution of Fisheries Sector in Bangladesh
PROTEIN SUPPLY
58.0 %20.87 %
AGRICULTURE
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
• Green house gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased).
• The global increase of carbon dioxide is due to the use of land and fossil fuel,
• Increase of methane and nitrous oxide are due to agriculture
• Rising concentration of the green house gases in the atmosphere are causing global climate change
EFFECT ON FRESHWATER FISHES IN BANGLADESH
Poikilothermic animal
Growth, reproduction & activity are directly influenced by the change of temperature
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E
SAL
INIT
Y
Sol
ubili
ty o
f
INVERSELY RELATED TO
&
TE
MPE
RA
TU
RE
DISSOLVED
has harmful effect in pond fish culture&
EFFECT ON FRESHWATER FISHES IN BANGLADESHTEM
PER
ATU
RE
ACTIVITYEV
APO
TR
AN
S-P
IRA
TIO
NSURFACE & VOLUME OF
POND WATER
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
Contribute nearly 1 million metric ton of fish
Inundated during the flood stages
Isolated from the main channel during the dry season
Regular flooding ensures the reproductive success of the fish
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
GCM estimates of temperature and precipitation changes in Bangladesh
This model was run by the IPCC (Inter-government Panel on Climate Change) B2 scenario
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
VOLUME & FAVORABLE
FISH HABITATS
KILL
1C
HA
LLEN
GE
The Survival ofNext Year’s
BroodFor
Reproduction
2
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
Runoff with
Higher Nutrient
Floodplain &
Productivity
+
Extend the Feeding Ground of
Fish
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
Runoff Flood Destroy aquaculture
Infrastructure
RanchingIn
Monson
brings Revolution in Fish Production
reduced the closed water aquaculture
production
EFFECT ON OPEN WATER FISHERIES RESOURCES
Decrease productivity
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
Aquatic Macrophyt
e
Reduce fish habitat
Reduce dissolved Oxygen
Create anoxic
condition
Fish KIL
L
Bangladesh might face this problem
2-3OC of temperature cause 300-500% of macrophyte production
1
2
3
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
Sea Level rise
The main impacts of climate change on coastal area in Bangladesh are
1
Reduction of freshwater availability by salinity intrusion
2
Increasing cyclone frequency3
Decrease Brackish water fish production4
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
1 Water salinity varies from 0-20 ppt
2 Water salinity and its distribution are increasing with the increase of sea level rise
3 Soil salinity in South Western part of Bangladesh is also increasing
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
Increasing rate of soil salinity area of southern part of Bangladesh
Area
(he
ctar
e)
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
Cyclone Sidr (15 Nov., 2007) and Aila (27 May, 2009)
hit South and South West part of Bangladesh and destroy the coastal embankment infrastructure and increase the salinity
This salinity intrusion including sea level rising creates harmful effect on existing fish species.
Water salinity exceeds the expected salinity level that especially required for fresh water fish production
EFFECT ON COASTAL AREA
SALINITY INTRUSION
Negative EffectPositive Effect
threatened to fresh water fisheriesLoss of fish biodiversity
Create opportunities for catching and cultivating brackish and marine species
Potential speciesPenaeus vannamei (Western White Shrimp)Penaeus monodon (Tiger Shrimp) Chanos chanos (Milk Fish) Mugil cephalus (Mullet) Tilapia nilotica (Tilapia)
EFFECT ON SUNDARBAN EFFECT ON SUNDARBAN FISHERIESFISHERIES
World’s Largest single chunk of continuous mangrove forestFish species inhibit : 175
Supports offshore & deep sea fisheries by playing as nursery ground for many deep sea fishes and shrimps
Act as protecting wall against the devastating cyclones and tidal surges by deflecting and reducing energy
EFFECT ON SUNDARBAN EFFECT ON SUNDARBAN FISHERIESFISHERIES
Highly vulnerable to sea level rise and will be disappear by 1 meter rise of the sea level
Sea level rise may destroy the mangrove forest as well as destroy the marine fish nursery ground
Effect on marine fisheries• Average tropical sea surface temperature is
predicted to increase by 50-80%.
• Increased temperature may affect the distribution pattern of some fish species
• Some of them may be migrate to the higher latitude for cooler place.
• Atmospheric CO2 level will be high and this will cause the average ocean pH to drop by 0.4-0.5
• Fish embryos and larvae are more sensitive to pH change than juvenile and adults.
• Eggs of the pelagic fishes might be more susceptible to pH change.
• Increased level of dissolved CO2 also reduces the pH of animal tissue and it may affect the marine fish physiology.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Bangladesh economy is vulnerable to climate change impact, which could affect our food security and level of poverty by elevating stress on fisheries production
But the detailed effects on climate change affecting the fisheries sector is yet uncertain.
It might bring economic hardship or might increase the opportunity to higher fish production through adaptive measure and increase the economic growth.