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Climate change and sustainable energy in the province of Groningen
the NetherlandsRob Roggema
Province of Groningen
Technical University Delft
Wageningen University and Research center
The Netherlands
MBITA-Santa Cruz
September 19, 2008
The impact of climate change
Impact of climate change - Larsen B ice shell
2002 2006
Impact of Climate Change - North pole ice disappearance
Impact of Climate Change - Artificial golf course, Benidorm Spain
Ameland, 9 November 2007
Vlieland, 9 november 2007Breskens, 9 november 2007
Katwijk, 9 november 2007Noordwijk, 9 november 2007Vlieland, 9 November 2007
Urgency: Netherlands 50% below sea level
Sustainable energy,is it:
Desirable?
Possible?
Necessary?
Realised?
Is it desirable?
• Energy Valley
• European and Dutch objectives
• Northern energy and national climate agreement
Energy Valley: sustainable energy and economic development
Energy Valley
Objectives Energy Valley
1. Transition towards sustainable energy2. Extension of gas related knowledge
infrastructure3. Innovation of energy related companies
gasiform energy carrier
new applications mobile resources
efficient use of gas, micro-CHP
heat
electricity
trade
CO2-storage
biogas
diversesustainable resources
natural gas
hydro-energy
biomass gas storage
Development of the gas-chain
2004 2010 2020 2030
hydrogen sustainable resources
new resources, biomass
hydrogen experiments
CO2 storage and management
Gas for micro-CHP, virtual plant, mobility
Decentralised energy production
Zero emission power plant
Extension trade and storage
Improve exploration and production
Development gas chain management
Broadening gas chain: new
energy sources and carriers
Lenghtening gas chain:
efficient applications
Maximise added value gas chain
time
activ
ityActivities & time in Energy Valley
European Union objective:20% CO2 emission reduction & 20% renewables in
2020 (20-20-20)
Dutch national objectives:1. 20% renewables in 20202. Energy saving 2% each year3. 30% CO2 emission reduction in 20204. 10% biofuels5. NL frontrunner in CO2 capture transport and
storage
Energy and Climate objectives EU and the Netherlands
Energy agreement Northern Netherlands and national Climate agreement
1. 40-50 PJ renewable energy in 20112. 4-5 Mton CO2-emission reduction in 20113. 15-20 Mton CO2-emission reduction after 20114. CO2 capture and storage5. Energy-innovations and economic
development6. Integration adaptation to climate
change in spatial planning and area oriented projects
7. Use of climate scenarios in spatial planning en development of regional climate atlases
Strategic themes Energy Agreement Northern Netherlands
1. Energy saving in housing, greenhouses and industry
2. Sustainable energy3. Biofuels and sustainable mobility4. Clean fossil, including CO2 storage5. Knowledge and innovation6. Start up three knowledge centers and
15 innovative projects
Top three:1. Energy saving in the build
environment2. Energy saving in industry3. Production of renewable energy
Largest potentials for CO2 emission reduction (study 2003)
Is it possible?
• Energy potentials
• Local renewable resources
Grounds for Change:
Energy-potentials Northern-Netherlands solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal
Grounds for Change, 2006
Grounds for Change, 2006
Electricity from the sun, wind, water &
biomass
Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007
Potentials geothermal heat: shallow and deep aquifers
Cascading potentials: heat-cold demands
Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007
Integrated heat & cold potential map
Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007
Overlay CO2 capture potential map
Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007
Proposed energy-based interventions
Natural reserves
forestlands and wetlands for CO2
bonding
Tidal plant
and blue energy
Blue energy plant
Inundation plant
Biomass boulevard
bio-plant, bio-refinery, bio-ethanol
factory
Wind turbine parkresidences, holiday homes, spa, tropical paradise, seasonal
industry
City of heat
Heat cascading
industry feeds horticulture feeds
residences
Van den Dobbelsteen, 2007
Findings potential mapping
• Performance– 50% of energy demand solved needed energy
savings: 50%– 80% of CO2 emissions avoided
• Energy neutrality is possible– decentralised small cores of farms, houses and
light industry sustainable energy: PV, small wind turbines and bio-digestion/CHP
– new development plans design for self-sufficiency
Is it necessary?
• Oil prices
• Collapsing regions
• Centralised or network grid
• Mix of local potentials
Distance from central city
Spatial-economic energy model
Usage of local potentials is essential
Van den Dobbelsteen, 2008
Centralised Hierarchy
DecentralisedNetwork
Is it realised?
• Groningen Energy Standard
• Meerstad developments
• Existing buildings
• New techniques
• COSTA DUE
Groningen standard is higher than national one, and can be realised by:
1. Good isolation (30 cm layer)2. Heat & cold storage, heat pumps3. Retrieving heat from ventilation system
and shower4. Solar energy, both
electrical and thermal
Groningen Standard for Energy use of Buildings
1st part Meerstad: no gas network
Heat pumps and heat and cold storage Provincie Groningen
Heat pump
Use of solar panels
Energy saving: insulation & breathing window (Kristinsson)
Breathing window© Jon Kristinsson, www.breathingwindow.org
Smart power system - connected and exchangable power plants (micro CHP’s) at
home
Results of micro CHP
How does it work?
1.Meetings in suburbs 2. Energy scan3. Offer with measures and financial
construction4. Installing measures
Living++ : Improving private houses
Energy saving box for low incomes:saves energy
helps low income familiescreates jobs
Tidal energy - Afsluitdijk (closure dike)
Blue energy: scheme
osmosis-plant
Solar boat race, Friesland
COSTA DUE: COncrete STEps towards a SUstainable Eemsmond
1. Long-term2. Reinforce Eemsmond using
green energy3. Improve economic structure4. Decrease CO2-emissions5. Increase knowledge on
system innovations
import
biomass
CO2-storage
region
biodiesel
Delfzijl primary industry
conv
ersi
on
natural gas infrastructure
biomethanol
half- finished products
Costa Due: sketch of the system
Two power plants with
CO2 capture and storage
in Eems harbour
Eemsharbour overview
Adaptation to climate change is necessary also!
• Coastal defence
• Water management
• Ecology
• Strategic interventions
“Côte d’Ollard”
“Energy wharf”
Multi-fuel plant with CO2 storage
Biomass & ethanol-production
Industrial EcologyGrounds for Change, 2006
Spatial planning, energy and adaptation
in Eemsdelta
Withdrawn dike
Water storage
Climate and the spatial lay-out
• Water buffers for storage and discharge
• Housing at higher lplaces in the landscape Woningbouw
• Nature is connected to water buffers and brook system
• New Wadden Islands• Room for flexible coastal
zone• Saline agriculture l&
aquacultures in coastal zone
Roggema, 2007
Strategic adaptation-interventions
Roggema, UKSS, 2008
Conclusions
1. Local energy production is possible & necessary
2. Adapt the grid system3. Make use of the latest techniques4. Energy related interventions, integrated in
spatial context5. Take spatial measures, both on adaptation and
mitigation, which are required in the second half of this century, starting today
Conclusions - 2
Local production of renewables is:DesirablePossible &Necessary
But only the first steps in realisation are made
Contacts
Breathing window:
www.breathingwindow.org, [email protected]
Smart power system: www.qurrent.com
Micro CHP: www.gasterra.nl, [email protected]