UNESCO Country Project on CCESD, Nepal
Climate Change Education for
Sustainable Development Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Management in School Curricula
DR Bhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
___________________________________________________________________________________
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP
UNESCO Office in Kathmandu and Nepal National Commission for UNESCO
Kathmandu, Nepal . 05 July 2015
• Sustainable development is
development that "meets the
needs of the present without
compromising the ability of
future generations to meet
their own needs (WCED 1987)
• Social: needs of people must
be met equally
• Environment: protect the
Earth’s environment
• Economy: competitive in a
world market
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
WHY CC & DRR AT SCHOOL LEVEL
• Children are more vulnerable to disasters,
at the same time they can be influential and
effective communicators about disasters.
• Climate change is the biggest challenge of
our time, threatening existence of many of
the species including humans.
• Sustainable development realizes that
resources are limited and human beings are
only part of the ecosystem.
• School education is the one experience
most commonly shared by people around
the world. It lays some fundamental
foundations of knowledge which help
shaping their worldview and becoming
successful in life. DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION AND
SUSTAINABLLE DEVELOPMENT
• UNFCC C Article 4: all Parties shall promote and cooperate in education, training and public awareness related to climate change
• UNFCCC Article 6: all Parties shall promote and facilitate the development and implementation of educational and public awareness programs on climate change and its effects.
• COP-16, Cancun in 2010: called to enhance the involvement of groups with key roles in climate change communication and education including teachers, youth, children, …. support for formal climate change education in schools and institutions, at all levels and in both non-formal and informal education
INTERACTION MEETING WITH POLICY OFFICIALS OF GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL 16 JAN 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
CLIMATE CHANGE (CC)
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT (DRM)
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SD)
IN SCHOOL CURRICULUM
INTERACTION MEETING WITH POLICY OFFICIALS OF GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL 16 JAN 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
LIST OF ACRONYMS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION 1
OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 2
METHODOLOGY
Desktop study and background documents
Survey sites: Kathmandu, Janakpur and Sindhupalchowk
Focus Group Discussion
Structured Interviews
Questionnaires
3
NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM: STRUCTURE AND POLICIES
Background
Goals and Objectives
Structure of Education
Education Statistics
Education Policies
5
CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLLE DEVELOPMENT
Climate Change: Nepal Scenario
Climate Change Policy, 2011
National Adaptation Program of Action
Local Adaptation Plan of Action
Environment Education School Curricula
12
CURRICULUM CONTENTS
Environmental Education in Nepal
Quantitative Information on Subject
17
SURVEY RESULTS
Perception and Learning Practices
Policy and Curriculum
Opportunities and Constraints
23
CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS 30
REFERENCES
ANNEX DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
METHODOLOGY
• Desktop Study and Background Documents
• Group Identification
• Questionnaire Preparation
• Questionnaire Survey and Focus Group Discussion
• Key Informants’ Interview and Consultation
Date (2014)
Location/Venue No. of Participants (Total: 149)
Gr I Gr II Gr III Gr IV
12 Sep
Dhulikhel (In-lieu of Kathmandu Gr I)
20 - - -
23-24 Sep
Dhanusha, Janakpur Education Training Centre
12 8 11 11
13-14 Oct
Sindhupalchowk, Chautara Shree Krishna Ratna Ganga HSS
15 12 14 13
16 Oct Kathmandu, Ganabahal Nepal Adarsha Sec. School
- 10 11 12
Total 47 30 36 36
Table 1. Survey schedule and composition of the groups
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
Date Name Profession and affiliation 23 Sep Mr Krishna Prasad Dhungana CDO, Dhanusha, 10 Oct Dr Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha Life Member, Nepal Academy 13 Oct Mr Gopal Prasad Parajuli CDO, Sindhupalchowk 17 Oct Dr Badri Dev Pandey Environment Education Expert
19 Oct Dr Tirtha Raj Parajuli Professor, Education
Dr Ram Krishna Maharjan Professor, Education Dr Prem Narayan Aryal Professor, Education
20 Oct Mr Kedar Bhakta Mathema Educationist, Former VC /TU 30 Oct Dr Susan Acharya Associate Prof. Education
Dr Hridaya Ratna Bajracharya Technical Adviser, UGC
Table 2. List of the intellectuals and experts consulted
SN Name Designation Institution
1 Dr Ananda Gautam Director Nepal Agriculture Research Council
2 Mr Reshmi Raj Pandey Joint Secretary Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
3 Dr Bimala Devkota Senior Scientist Nepal Academy of Science and Technology
4 Dr Anjana Shakya Education Expert Freelancer
5 Dr Lab Dev Awasthi Joint Secretary Ministry of Education
6 Mr Khaga Raj Baral Executive Director NCED, Ministry of Education
7 Mr Diwakar Dhungel Executive Director CDC, Ministry of Education
8 Mr Damber Angdembe Curriculum Officer CDC, Ministry of Education
9 Mr Surendra Acharya Officer CDC, Ministry of Education
10 Mr Tapa Raj Pant NPO UNESCO, Nepal
11 Dr Bal Krishna Ranjit DEO District Education Office, Kathmandu
12 Dr Dinesh Raj Bhuju Team Leader National Survey CCESD Nepal
Table 3. Participants of Interaction (16 Jan 2015) on the survey report in Kathmandu
STRUCTURE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION
Level Grade Duration Age Group Certifying exams Core Subjects
Primary I to V 5 Yrs 5(+) to
10(+)
District level primary
school examination at
the end of class V
Nepali, English, Math,
Social Studies, Science
Middle/Low
er Secondary VI to
VIII 3 Yrs.
10(+) to
13(+)
Dist. level lower
secondary exam at the
end of class VII
Nepali, English, Math.
Social Studies, Science,
Health and Environment
High School/
Secondary IX&X 2Yrs.
13(+) to
15(+)
School Leaving
Certificate (SLC)
exam at the end of
class X
Nepali, English. Math,
Social Studies, Science,
Health and Environment
Higher
Secondary
10+2
XI to
XII 2Yrs.
15(+) to
17(+)
HSEB exams at the
end of both XI and
XII
English. Nepali and 3 Core
subjects of the chosen
stream
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
EDUCATION POLICIES IN NEPAL
YEAR MAJOR POLICY INTERVENTION/DOCUMENT
1954 First national education system in action
1971 National Education System Plan (NESP) implemented
1992 National Education Commission formed
2000 Fundamental reforms; Education for All (EFA), Teacher
Education Project (TEP), Secondary Education Support
Program (SESP), Community School Support Program
(CSSP) and Food for Education (FfE)
2005 National Centre for Educational Development (NCED)
Training Policy 2062
2005 Non Formal Education (NFE) Policy 2063
2006 Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Policy 2063
2006 Technical Education and Vocational Training (TEVT)
Skill Development Policy 2064 DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
CLIMATE CHANGE: NEPAL SCENARIO
• Emission of green house gases: 0.025% of global emission
• The per capita carbon dioxide equivalent emission: below 2.0 tonnes (almost half as compared to global average value of 3.9 tonnes per capita (MoE 2011)
• Max. temp rise: 0.05 °C • Fourth most vulnerable
country to climate change (Maplecroft 2010)
• NAPA 2010 • Climate Change
Vulnerability Mapping for Nepal 2010
• LAPA Framework 2011 • Climate Change Policy
2011 • Climate Change Council
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
Role of education not mentioned
Climate Change (CC) Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Sustainable Development (SD) in School Curriculum
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
Curriculum Basic level grade I-III
Grade Total Cr Hrs Our Earth Rel Wt %
I 96 12 12.50
II 96 12 12.50
III 96 12 12.50
Coverage of topics related to CC, DRR and SD (Grade I-III) in Social Studies & Creative Arts
Grade Total Cr Hrs Env. Earth & Space Total Wt Rel. Wt % I 64 9 7 16 25.00 II 64 9 15 24 37.50 III 64 7 15 22 34.00
Coverage of topics related to CC, DRR & SD (Grade I-III) in Science, HPE
SN Subject Grade I-III Weekly class load Full mark
1 Nepali 8 100 2 English 5 100 3 Mathematics 6 100 4 Social Study & Creative Arts 6 100 5 Science, HPE 5 100 6 Local Content/ Mother Tongue 4 100
Total 34 600
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
Curriculum of basic level grade IV-V SN Subject Weekly class load Full mark
1 Nepali 8 100
2 English 5 100
3 Mathematics 6 100
4 Social Study 5 75
5 Creative Arts 3 25
6 Science and Environment 4 50
7 Health and Physical Education 4 50
8 Local Content/Mother Tongue 4 100
Total 39 600
Coverage of topics related to CC, DRR and SD (Grade IV-V) in Social Studies
Grade Total Cr Hrs Our Earth Rel. Wt. % IV 160 20 12.50 V 160 20 12.50
Coverage of topics related to CC, DRR & SD (Grade IV-V) in Science & Env.
Grade Total Cr Hrs Env. Earth & Space Total Wt Rel. Wt % IV 128 18 22 40 31.25 V 128 18 22 40 31.25
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
Curriculum of basic level grade VI, VII and VIII
SN Subject Weekly class load Full mark
1 Nepali 5 100
2 English 5 100
3 Mathematics 5 100
4 Social Study and Population Education 5 100
5 Science and Environment 5 100
6 Health and Physical Education 3 50
7 Ethics 2 50
8 Profession, and Vocational Education 5 100
9 Local Content/Mother Tongue/Samskrit 5 100
Total 40 800
Coverage of topics related to CC, DRR and SD (Grade VI to VIII) in Sc. & Env.
Grade Total cr hrs Earth & Cosmic Sc Env. Total Wt Rel. Wt %
VI 175 6 24 30 17.14
VII 175 5 24 29 16.57
VIII 175 16 24 40 22.86
Coverage of topics related to CC, DRR and SD (Grade VI to VIII) in Social Study & Pop. Edu.
Grade Total cr hrs Our Earth Env Total Wt Rel. Wt %
VI 175 5 20 20 11.43
VII 175 5 20 20 11.43
VIII 175 5 20 20 11.43 DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
Curriculum of secondary level (grade IX-X)
SN Subject Weekly class load Full mark
1 Nepali 5 100
2 Mathematics 5 100
3 English 5 100
4 Science 5 100
5 Social Study 5 100
6 HPE Education 4 100
7 Optional - First Paper 5 100
8 Optional - Second Paper 5 100
Total 39 800
Coverage of topics related to CC, DRR & SD (Grade IX-X) in HPE Education
Grade Total cr hrs
Earth Care Sustainable Dev.
Env. Status of Nepal
Total Wt
Rel. Wt %
IX 120 8 - 8 6.67 X 120 14 18 32 26.67
Coverage of topics related to CC, DRR & SD (Grade IX -X) in Opt. Env. Sc.
Grade Total cr hrs CC, DRR & SD Rel. Wt % IX 120 52 43% X 120 50 42%
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
Per cent coverage of topics on climate/climate
change, disaster and sustainable development
in school curricula in Social Study
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
PER
CEN
T
GRADE
Per cent coverage of topics on climate/climate
change, disaster and sustainable development in
school curricula in SHPE/SE/SES/HPEE
Abb: SHPE (Science, Health and Physical Education in
Grades I-III), S&E (Science and Environment in Grades IV-V),
SEE (Science & Environment Education in Grades VI-VIII) DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X
PER
CEN
T
GRADE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
IX X
PER
CEN
T
GRADE
Per cent coverage of topics on climate/climate change, disaster
and sustainable development in school curricula (grade ix-x) in
Science
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
SURVEY RESULTS 1. Perception and
Learning
Practices
2. Policy and
Curriculum: Gaps
in Policy, Skill
development,
Teachers’
Training and
Methodologies
and
3. Opportunities and
Constraints
• Group i: school
supervisors, resource
persons, representatives
of parents teachers
association, school
management committee,
• Group ii: representatives
of government and non-
government
organizations
• Group iii: teachers
(science, social study,
environment, health), and
• Group iv: school students
from grade vii and above
1. Dhanusha
(lowland Tarai-
Madhesh),
2. Kathmandu
(mid-hills
Pahad), and
3. Sindhupalchow
k (mountain
district Himali
Jilla)
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
Policy and Curriculum
• Curriculum should
focus on skill
development and
capacity building
education.
• Teaching learning to
be made more
scientific; Guest
lectures be included
• Illustrations and
figures are lacking in
the chapters; these
need to be prioritized
in the curriculum.
Perception and
Learning Practices
• Climate Change is
happening, its
impacts are being
perceived and
affecting the
livelihood
Climate Change has
not yet been
addressed clearly in
curriculum
DRR explained in
brief in curricula;
Topics are
interesting
Opportunities and
Constraints
• Curriculum has to
be designed in
such a way so that
it can address the
local and
contextual
evidences.
• Teachers needs
training
• Curricula based
on regional
scenario would
best address the
CC/DR problems
INTERACTION MEETING WITH POLICY OFFICIALS OF GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL 16 JAN 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari
SURVEY RESULTS
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Education in Centre
• Greater Partnership
• Ensuring Capacities
• Curriculum Updating
• Knowledge Evaluation
DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP . 05 JUL 2015 KATHMANDU
Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development DRBhuju, BK Ranjit, S Adhikari