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Climate Change, Food Security and DRR/M in Agriculture Johannesburg, 03 December 2013
Climate Change, Food Security and DRR/M in Agriculture
Johannesburg, 03 December 2013
Content of presentation n Climate Change, Food Security and DRR/M:
perspectives from the field n Focus on smallholders and vulnerable segments of
population, National, Sub-National/Decentralized, and Community levels
n FAO DRR/M in Southern Africa
n “Humanitarian trends in Southern Africa: challenges and opportunities”
(http://reliefweb.int/report/malawi/humanitarian-trends-southern-africa-challenges-and-opportunities)
Development & disaster risk reduction (DRR)
Emergency response
period
Recovery & Rehabilitation
Media response
Risk assessment
Mitigation/prevention Warning/
evacuation
Preparedness Search & rescue
Re-establish logistic routes
Recontruction
Economic/social recovery
Restoration of infrastructural services
Coordination
Ongoing development
activities
Provide ongoing assistance
Damage assessment
Normal economic/social growth pattern
Major hazard/disaster
Emergency initiatives
Recovery initiatives
DRR initiatives
Normal economic/social growth pattern
Disaster Risk Management Framework
Mainstreaming DRR and CCA into ongoing development processes
Normal economic/social growth pattern
Major hazard/disaster
Agricultural growth
Climate Risk Management Framework (CCA context)
Climate change impacts are likely to increase extreme events Disaster Risk Management is a first line of adaptive action
Long term CC impacts
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HAZARD IMPACTS ON FOOD SECURITY
n Food production losses
n Infrastructure damage n Asset losses (land, livestock, etc)
n Increased livelihood risks
n More food security emergencies n Health risks
n Cumulated Impact of RECURRENT shocks à impaired recovery à negative impact on economic growth
Short term – long term implications
Addressing DRR/M: What does FAO do?
n Support Policies & institutional setting
n Vulnerability assessments
n Climate & weather information for AG users
n Risk reducing technologies
n Climate resilient infrastructures
n Linking emergency response, rehabilitation & development
n Resilience building
1. Agronomic management
2. Water mgt/use efficiency 3. Land & Soil management 4. Cropping patterns &
schedules 5. crop/livestock/fish/tree
varieties
6. Alternative crops & fish/ farming systems
7 Post harvest practices 8. Energy use
Identifying hazard, location and target group specific technology options Blending local & scientific knowledge
Extension and awareness raising Building on existing tools and methods
Exchange visits
Folk songs & dramas Farmer field schools
Demonstration rally Demonstrations
Orientation meetings
Lessons 1
n Effective local institutions
n Appropriate policy frameworks
n Combining: “what, who, when, how”?
n Multi-disciplinary & cross-sectoral coordination
n Improved technical & managerial capacities (Institutions), and farmers’ skills
n Catalyzing local actions
n Short-term and long-term actions àResilience
Lessons 2
n AG perspective: DRR/M & CCA go together;
n Address DRR/CCA within broader vulnerability context;
n There are no “one fits all” practices; Go for option menus by Agro-Ecological Zone
n Improve on known sustainable land and water management practices
n Cross-sectoral perspective is essential;
n Research & Development linkages and extension services (for poor) as vehicles for DRR/CCA implementation
Southern Africa countries’ vulnerability to crises, threats and emergencies is reduced through be*er preparedness.
Outputs: • Food Security Early warning informa8on is accurate, <mely and useful and
used by decision makers
• Food Security and Livelihoods analysis are improved and more effec<vely linked to response
• Na<onal con<ngency plans are improved by including Food Security and Disaster Risk Management components and are implemented
Partnerships: SADC, COMESA, FSNWG, RIASCO, NGOs, Donors, Country level.
Result 1: Preparedness
Southern Africa FAO DRR/M Strategic Programme
Southern Africa Countries’ vulnerability to crises, threats and emergencies is reduced through beJer integra<on of risk preven8on and mi8ga8on into policies, programmes and interven<ons. Outputs:
• Food security disaster risk reduc8on strategies integrated within programmes and policies to build resilience of households and communi<es
• CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE
• DRR/M integrated into agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry programmes and policies to reduce vulnerability of agro-‐ecological systems
• CAPACITY BUILDING at different levels (NAT, SUB-‐NAT, COMMUNITY)
Result 2: Risk Preven8on
Southern Africa FAO DRR/M Strategic Programme
Ø FAO Regional Promo8on of
Livelihood Social Protec8on Programmes for Orphan and Vulnerable Children o Support for the promo<on of
LBSP for OVC programmes and policies (OFDA, ongoing)
Ø Mainstreaming HIV/AIDS and
Gender into FAO Programmes
3. Livelihood Based Social Protec8on & Gender
Preven8on / Risk Mi8ga8on: FAO Ac8vi8es
Southern Africa Countries and partners respond more effec8vely to crises and emergencies with food and agriculture related interven<ons Outputs:
• Food security cluster coordina8on is strengthened for improved emergency response
• In emergencies, affected popula<ons have access to <mely, diversified and innova<ve responses to safeguard livelihoods
• Improved implementa<on of emergency response based on strengthened response analysis (assessments)
Result 3: Emergency & Rehabilita8on
Southern Africa FAO DRR/M Strategic Programme
Outputs:
• A results based DRR/M Strategic Programme is developed and implemented by FAO in support to Southern Africa
• Innova<ve longer term projects are promoted to support rehabilita<on and recovery
• Long-‐tem interven<ons are strengthened through improved management of resources and associated risk to natural disasters
• Links between Climate Change Adapta<on (CCA) and DRM are strengthened
• Resilience building (short-‐ and long-‐term measures)
Southern Africa FAO DRR/M Strategic Programme
Result 4: Linking & Transi8on to Development
Humanitarian Trends southern Africa
Implica<ons for Programming 2013 -‐ 2022
RIASCO Stellenbosch University
What were the findings (2000-‐2012)?
• Diverse & increasingly complex risk profile
• 47 humanitarian emergencies, of which:
– The majority (37 humanitarian emergencies) were linked to a defined environmental threat (mostly climate)
– Shic from armed conflict to urban social violence
– Recurrent epidemics
What were the findings (2000-‐2012)?
• Increased urbaniza<on,
• Intra-‐regional migra<on,
• Youth bulge,
• Increased connec<vity
• High HIV/AIDS prevalence
• High stun<ng levels (6 Countries in the range of 40%)
Highly recurrent ‘na8onally significant’ shocks & emergencies
• >130 disasters of na<onal significance 2000 – 2012 in Malawi
• Less than 10 resulted in interna<onal humanitarian assistance
Recorded disaster incidents and allocated humanitarian funding in Malawi (2000-‐2012) (Source: Holloway et al., 2013: 41)
Some districts sustain na8onally significant knocks 2-‐3 8mes a year
Humanitarian emergencies in Madagascar between 2000-‐2012: -‐ 26 in Atsimo-‐Andrefana -‐ 28 in Vatovavy Fitovinany
• compromises prospects for recovery
Recorded disaster incidents and allocated humanitarian funding in Madagascar (2000-‐2012)
(Source: Holloway et al., 2013:38)
High levels of chronic vulnerability signalled by high levels child stun<ng & HIV burden
• > 11 million PLHIV in study countries & loss of ‘middle genera<on’ (e.g. Lesotho).
• 7.8 million HIV-‐related deaths in southern Africa, 2000-‐2011
What emergencies can we expect? • Environmental threats: mostly climate-‐related: droughts, floods, cyclones, etc
• Aggregate (economic) threats
• Socio-‐poli8cal shocks
• Public health threats
• Aid Shocks
• Compound and composite threats
So, what are our planning priori<es?
Some priori<es from DRR/M that apply to CCA
• Establish ins<tu<onal mechanisms for mul<sectoral urban risk management.
• Improve strategic informa0on management • Strengthen human capital and capacity in na<onal
disaster management centres.
