Contents

1 Overview of Seasonal Distribution 2 Seasons

2.1 Summer 2.2 Monsoon 2.3 Autumn 2.4 Winter 2.5 Spring

3 Effect of climate on structures of shelter at delhi.

4 Extreme Temperatures

INTRODUCTIONExpats beware because the temperature in the summer months can be unbelievably hot with temperatures soaring as high as 113°F (45°C), often accompanied by dry desert winds – not a good combination in anyone’s books. But the cooler months of October to March can be pleasant and mild with warm sunny days and little rainfall, most of which falls between July and September.

Climate chart

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average high °C

(°F)21.1(70)

24.2(75.6

)30.0(86)

36.2(97.2

)

39.6(103.

3)

39.3(102.

7)

35.1(95.2

)33.3

(91.9)33.9(93)

32.9(91.2)

28.3(82.9)

23.0(73.4)

31.4(88.5)

Average low °C

(°F)

7.3(45.1

)

10.1(50.2

)

15.4(59.7

)

21.5(70.7

)

25.9(78.6

)

28.3(82.9

)

26.6(79.9

)25.9

(78.6)24.4(75.9

)19.5

(67.1)12.8(55)

8.2(46.8)

18.8(65.8)

Rainfall mm

(inches)

20.3(0.79

9)

15.0(0.59

1)

15.8(0.62

2)

6.7(0.26

4)

17.5(0.68

9)

54.9(2.16

1)

231.5(9.11

4)

258.7(10.18

5)

127.8(5.03

1)

36.3(1.42

9)

5.0(0.19

7)

7.8(0.30

7)797.3

(31.389)

Avg. rainy days

1.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.4 3.6 10.0 11.3 5.4 1.6 0.1 0.6 39.1

Mean monthly sunshine hours

213.9 217.5 238.7 261.0 263.5 198.0 167.4 176.7 219.0 269.7 246.0 217.0 2,688.4

Overview of Seasonal Distribution Summer: April, May, June; Hot to very hot; Very low

to normal humidity (Dry weather); Low to Good precipitation

Monsoon (Rainy): July, August, September; Hot, Pleasant during rains; High to very high humidity; Heavy precipitation

Autumn: October, November; Warm days, Cool nights, Pleasant; Very low to low humidity; Very low precipitation

Winter: December, January; Cool to Cold; Low humidity; Low precipitation

Spring: February, March; Warm days, Cool nights, Pleasant; Very low to low humidity; Good precipitation

Seasons Delhi lies in the landlocked Northern Plains of the

Indian Subcontinent. Its climate is greatly influenced by its proximity to the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, causing it to experience both weather extremes. Delhi has 5 distinct seasons, viz. Summer, Rainy, Autumn, Winter and Spring. Broadly speaking, Delhi has long and scorching summers- sub-divided into summer and monsoon seasons, short and cold winters, and two bouts of pleasant transition seasons. Two important occurrences influencing Delhi's climate are Western Disturbance and South-West Winds.

Summer

Summer begins in early April and continues till the end of June, with the heat peaking in May. It is characterized by extreme heat due to overhead sun, low humidity, very hot winds and at times thunderstorms. Delhi's proximity to the Thar Desert results in hot, dry continental winds, called loo, blowing across from the West Asian mainland, making the days feel hotter. These winds, blowing over from vast land stretches, are very hot and dry. Since the Western Disturbance depression moves eastward (and is the reason for cyclonic occurrences in Eastern Coastal areas) by this time of the year, there is no moisture-laden wind to increase humidity. The air therefore remains dry and sometimes very dry during day. May is Delhi's hottest month during which temperatures may reach 45°C or higher. This month is characterized by frequent thunderstorms. Dust storms are an infrequent feature of Delhi's summer. These are caused due to fine dust brought along by the hot winds arriving from the desert. They make the surroundings appear pale yellow, bring temperatures slightly down and are usually followed by thunderstorms. Post mid-June, temperatures start falling slowly, while humidity shows a gradual rise. A visual characteristic of summer in Delhi is the blooming Amaltas and Gulmohar trees, which look spectacular when in full bloom during peak summer in May.

Monsoon

Monsoon winds arrive in Delhi by either the end of June or the first week of July. The arrival of moisture laden South-Western winds, traveling from the Arabian Sea marks the onset of Rainy season in Delhi. This season is marked by high levels of humidity and high heat. Day temperatures drop below 40°C as humidity suddenly soars. July is marked by high heat and relatively less precipitation. This transition from scorching to sweltering heat between June and July makes the latter feel very uncomfortable. August is Delhi's wettest month. The heat is considerably reduced and it is relatively cooler for most part of the month. There is dense cloud formation in the sky and at least a week of distinct, very heavy rainfall. By September, the amount and frequency of precipitation drops, though humidity remains high. Towards the end of September, moisture content in the air begins to fall and monsoon ends by early October.

Autumn

The end of monsoon marks the arrival of a transition season. Autumn arrives by early or mid October, and is marked by very dry ambiance, warm days and pleasant nights. Maximum temperatures drop below 30°C by late October and there is a gradual fall in average temperature. Minimum temperature drops below 20°C. During Autumn, the wind direction begins changing from South-Westerly to North-Westerly. This season ends by early December.

Winter

Winter arrives in Delhi in late November or early December. Minimum temperatures gradually enter single digits by this time of the year, while days are pleasant. Though usually not cold initially, December suddenly becomes cold in the latter half, as chilly north-western winds from the Himalayas begin sweeping the Northern Plains. These cold waves are caused by a depression created Plains by Western Disturbance, which bring cloud cover and occasional winter rains to the Plains, and add to snowfall in the North-Western Indian Subcontinent. By early January, when winter peaks in Delhi, the minimum temperatures plunge to the vicinity of 0°C, though rarely entering the negative scale. Maximum temperatures, too may drop down into single digits and always stay under 20°C. When the minimum temperature ventures very close to the 0°C mark, Delhi witnesses frost.[18] Snow, as of now, is a practical impossibility for Delhi (and the rest of Northern Plains) due to very dry nature of its winter which is caused because of the Siberian Anticyclone. Delhi's winter is marked by very dense fog, which dramatically reduces visibility[19] and makes days colder by cutting off sunlight. In the opposite scenario, very cold north-westerly winds from upper reaches of Himalayas blowing across the city makes the days feel colder, despite any sunshine and the nights biting cold. Post mid-January, average temperatures begin to rise very gradually, though the rise is almost contained by the cold north-western winds which result due to very heavy snowfall that occurs in the Himalayas during this part of the month. It may rain in the fag end of January and the precipitation is usually accompanied by hail, resulting in slight increase in minimum temperatures due to cloud cover. Maximum temperatures again cross 20°C and days become pleasant. By mid-February or somewhat beyond, minimum temperature crosses the 10°C mark and days start getting warmer gradually, marking the end of winter. Delhi can sometimes have prolonged season of chill, extending into March. Like it had last happened in 2012, when there was chill during March and Spring-like conditions were prevailing during the summer month of April !

Spring

Around the middle of February, Delhi's climate sees another transition, this time from Winter to Summer. The transition weather is known as Spring and is characterized by warm days, cool nights, dry ambiance and lively natural surroundings. It is pleasant all time and there is brilliant sunshine during the day. February rains are a characteristic of this season. These rains may be accompanied by hail and can be heavy. Average temperatures show a slow, gradual rise as the wind direction shift from North-West to South-West, thereby getting warmer. Spring ends by the latter half of March and the day temperatures well exceed 30°C by then, marking the onset of the next summer!

Effect of climate on structuctures of shelter at delhi

Roofs at delhi are generally straight and flat because ration of summer is greater than any other climate.

Walls in delhi are heat reflecting Generally the size of the windows in delhi was little

bit small by which the sufficient amount of light may enters through it.

Extreme Temperatures

Temperature records for Delhi exist for a period of a little over 100 years. The lowest ever temperature reading during this period is -2.2°C, recorded on January 11, 1967 at Met Delhi Palam. And, the highest ever temperature reading during the same period is 48.4°C, again recorded at Met Delhi Palam.