Date post: | 05-Jul-2015 |
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CLIMATE SMART LANDSCAPE‐BASED INTEGRATED WATERSHED
DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIENCES FROMDEVELOPMENT: EXPERIENCES FROM INDIA
Scale of Operations
People impacted > 1 million
W t h d Vill 1 265Watershed Villages 1,265
Project Villages 2,776
S 6States 6
Area covered > 7,23,605 ha
People trained > 320,000
Support provided to Projects in Somaliland, Kenya Tanzania and Malawi
p ,
Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi .
WOTR’s CompetenciesTHEMATIC AREAS & COMPETENCIESTHEMATIC AREAS & COMPETENCIES
• Watershed/ Ecosystems Development and Natural Resource ManagementResource Management
• Climate Change Adaptation• Integrated Water Resources ManagementIntegrated Water Resources Management• Sustainable Adaptive Agriculture and Food Security• Rural Livelihoods• Health, Sanitation, Hygiene, Nutrition• Gender, Inclusion (equity) and Women’s Empowerment, ( q y) p• Renewable Energy• Capacity Building and Training• Institutional and Systems Development• Knowledge Management-Action Research , Development
Communication• Policy Dialogue
Clima
Chanate
nge
xt
Market Forcesonte
x
Market Forces
The
Co
T
Depleted Natural Resources
Fractured Vulnerable Communities
The Effects of Water Scarcity The Effects of Water Scarcity Women and Children are not sparedWomen and Children are not spared
Long distances to fetch fire wood Tanker fed VillagesLong distances to fetch fire wood a e ed ages
Malnourished children Cattle sheds during droughts
The WOTR Engine for Adaptive Sustainable Development
ach
ppro
aan
d A
pct
ive
ars
pec
Per
Watershed/ Ecosystems Development - A Climate-Development A Climate
Smart Strategy for Sustainable Agricultural
DevelopmentDevelopment
MEASURES -AREA TREATMENTS
Stone Bunds
DRAINAGE TREATMENTS/LAND USE CHANGES
Integrating Bio‐Diversityg g y
y
Adaptive Sustainable Agricultureficiency
Water
ER
Use Ef f Water
AvailabilityCropping Pattern
WA
Tem
ent, Soil Health and
Environmentally safe Practices
Pilot Crop Demos/ Farmer Field Schools
OD
&Manag
Water Budgeting
FOvatio
n,
Water Conservation Technologies
Integrated Pest Management
Conserv g
Integrated Water‐Nutrient C Management
On Field Interventions – Learning By Doing
Water Efficiency Enhancing Systems Agro AdvisoriesWater Efficiency Enhancing Systems Agro Advisories
Farmer Field Schools School Exposure Trips for Learning & Validation
Locale‐ Specific Meteorological Information
Automated Weather Stations installed in 51 villagesAutomated Weather Stations installed in 51 villages
Weather information displayed on boards in villages
Awareness creation amongst villagers
Agro‐Meteorology software development is in
Training for villagers
g gy pprocess
Weather based, Crop and Locale Specific Agro-Advisory Provisioning: A Systems Diagram
Climate Smart Community Adaptation: Scaling Up with Feet on the Ground
WOTR has developed/ adapted the following Tools and Frameworks for Context Assessment and Decision Making:Frameworks for Context Assessment and Decision Making:
• CoDriVE‐ PD: A Vulnerability Assessment Tool
• CoDriVE – PA and Livelihoods: A Project and Livelihoods Adjustment Tool
• Modified People’s Biodiversity Register (M‐PBR)
• Children’s Biodiversity Register (C PBR)• Children s Biodiversity Register (C‐PBR)
• Participatory 3‐D Modeling (P3DM)
• Community Disaster Risk Management (C‐DRM)
• IT‐enabled GIS and RS – supported Decision Support SystemsIT enabled, GIS and RS supported Decision Support Systems
IMPACTS
Strategies & ApproachesDarewadi ‐ 1996Darewadi 1996
Darewadi ‐ 1999
Darewadi ‐ 2009Rejuvenates & Diversifies Natural Resourcesj
Revitalizes Local Economies
Strengthens Relationships
Impact Details
Income From Agriculture (1996 – 2009)
50
60Income From Agriculture (1996 – 2009)
% of Change=427% over 13 Years : for one year =33%
40
50
ROI : 600% over 13 Years : for one year =46%
30n M
illio
n
20
Rs.
In
10
-
1996 - 1.27 0.32 2.41 2.61 - 4.01 10.61
Cash Crops Cereal Oil seed Pulses Vegetable Milk Fodder Total
1996 1.27 0.32 2.41 2.61 4.01 10.61
2001 15.10 1.93 0.02 0.75 5.25 1.06 8.54 32.65
2009 32.53 4.13 0.04 0.92 2.63 0.82 14.88 55.93
The Impacts of Watershed DevelopmentThe Impacts of Watershed Development
Barren land decreased by 74% decreased by 74%
despite a 32% decline in rainfall.
A t d f 15 ill l d th f ll iA study of 15 villages revealed the following:
• Productive wells increased by 29%• Area under irrigation increased by 233%• Area under irrigation increased by 233%• Cropped area increased by 25%• Agriculture employment went from 4 to 10 months /year locally (150% increase)• Distress migration declined by 84%Distress migration declined by 84%• Milk production increased by 143%• Production of Food crops by 65%• Vegetable production by 64%Vegetable production by 64%
Water Shortages : Fading Memories Water Shortages : Fading Memories
Increased Resilience to Climate Change
Some Policy Impacts
• Capacity Building as a distinct and preparatory phase included in all Go ernment and large scale WSD Programmes in Indiaall Government and large‐scale WSD Programmes in India
• The Watershed Development Fund (NWDF) set up by Govt. of I di b d hi h d l d d h IGWDPIndia based on this approach developed under the IGWDP.
• Participatory Net Planning (PNP) adopted in Govt. Programs
• Secured permission to treat Govt. Forest land
• Government of Maharashtra adopted the handholding approach• Government of Maharashtra adopted the handholding approach of WOTR involving NGOs and facilitating agencies‐ “Mother NGO/ Resource NGO”
• The Rajiv Gandhi Watershed mission (MP) adopted the PNP & Village Envisioning methodologyg g gy
HOW IT IS DONE PUTTINGHOW IT IS DONE: PUTTING PEOPLE AT THE CENTREPEOPLE AT THE CENTRE
An Inclusive Community Involvement• The Village chooses to implement the project (self‐selection)
• Agree to non‐negotiable disciplines
• Village institutions involved:• General Village Body (Gram Sabha of all adult members)• General Village Body (Gram Sabha of all adult members)
• Village Council and the Village Development Committee (representative of all communities including landless poor) ( p g p )
• Women’s Self‐Help Groups & their Apex Body
• Forest Protection Committee & others
What is done: Community EngagementCommunity Engagement
Village Envisioning
Capacity Building
Participatory Net Planning (PNP)
Adopting a “Systems Approach”
Implementation Implementation
Maintenance of Accounts, Records and Reporting
Participatory Impact Monitoring & Peer Group Assessment
What is done: Important Aspects for continued Important Aspects for continued Community Engagement & SustainabilityCommunity Engagement & Sustainability
Key Issues consciously addressed:
Inclusiveness and equity (community takes responsibility)q y ( y p y)
Gender Sensitivity
Transparency Transparency
Plan for Sustainability:
Maintenance Fund
Water Budgeting g g
Quality Education & with an eco‐systems focus
Linkages with government and other service providers
27
Linkages with government and other service providers
Addressing related issues (eg renewable energy; rural tourism)
Managing It AllManaging It AllIT‐ enabled, GIS and Remote Sensing –
supported Decision Supportsupported Decision Support , Documentation and Monitoring
Systems
Project Area – LISS-IV satellite imageses
Project Area – LISS-IV satellite images ro
ach
Transition area Rainshadow area
App
rie
s &
rate
gS
tr
Akole Cluster Pathar I & II
Socio Technical ApproachUsing Technology for Context Assessment & Decision making
Net Planning using Mobile GPS
Socio-Economic DataData
Net Plan Data
Crop Mapping within single gat using mobile GPSp pp g g g g
Pre‐Treatment Scenario(Dec 1992) Kumbarwadi Watershed988 ha/ 500 mm rainfall for all images
Dec 2000
988 ha/ 500 mm rainfall for all images
Post‐Treatment Scenario (Dec 2011)
Class Dec 1992 (ha) Dec 2011 (ha) % Change
Wasteland 362.45 255 ‐42Water spread area 2.48 3.64 +32
Cropland 290.92 328.15 +11
Canopy Cover 81 85 114 47 +29Canopy Cover 81.85 114.47 +29
Total 988.33 988.32
Programs, Funders & Partners
• Climate Change Adaptation Program• Indo German Watershed Development Programp g• Sujala Watershed Development Program
SHMM Trust
Government of MaharashtraGovernment of Andhra PradeshGovernment of Madhya PradeshSHMM Trust
Fund Gove e t o ad ya ades
Knowledge Partners
World Agroforestry Centre
India Meteorological Centre Department
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, MPKV
Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, CRIDAg ,
Bharati Vidyapeth Institute of Environment Education and Research
Concluding Considerations• Climate Change impacts ecosystems, water resources,Climate Change impacts ecosystems, water resources,
communities, livelihoods and economic activities – all are rooted in and interact within and across watersheds
• Building adaptive capacities needs to take into consideration the inter‐relationships between these components, identify p p , yvulnerabilities and undertake measures that ameliorate risks to them
• In rural economies, developing contexts, livelihoods and well being depend upon nature and the quality of environmental g p p q yservices
• Watershed based sustainable landscape management, p g ,improved water use efficiency, climate smart agriculture, better value chain management and increased market access will help build adaptive capacities, mitigate risks and reduce vulnerabilities of the poor
Thank You!Thank You!Catching Rain Everywhere…