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CLIMATE
WHERE IS THIS?
CLIMATE V. WEATHER
• Weather is day-to-day events• Climate is patterns of weather that can be
expected in a given area
CLIMATE
• Interaction of atmosphere, lithosphere,• Two properties of the globe influence climate: Angle of the Ecliptic Coriolis Effect
ANGLE OF THE ECLIPTIC
CORIOLIS EFFECT
• Because the earth rotates at a tilted angle (the ecliptic), a force develops that causes wind and water to move in a clockwise direction north of the equator• Counterclockwise south of the equator• At the equator itself is “doldrums” • Thus, the equator is a phenomenon with real
physical effects on the globe (as opposed to the arbitrary Greenwich or Prime Meridian)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IIVfoDuVIw• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX9nqpjRZgE
FIVE FACTORS CREATE CLIMATE
• Solar radiation• Precipitation• Winds• Ocean Currents
• Elevation
SOLAR RADIATION
PRECIPITATION – THINGS TO REMEMBER
• Warm air rises• Cool air sinks• Warm air can hold more moisture than cool air• When warm air rises and cools, moisture is
released• Where this occurs in nature, this situation causes
precipitation
PRECIPITATION: CONVECTIONAL
PRECIPITATION: OROGRAPHIC
PRECIPITATION: FRONTAL
FORMS OF PRECIPITATION
• Rain• Freezing rain• Sleet• Hail• Snow• Frogs
GLOBAL WIND PATTERNS
JET STREAM – A HIGH-ALTITUDE STREAM OF AIR THAT CONTROLS WEATHER
MONSOONS
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCRkLcLT1cE• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_tiA0MlNpU• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNl7URLPMK
U•
OCEAN CURRENTS
• Circulate warm water from equator • Cold water from poles• Circular pattern or “gyres”• Where cold and warm currents meet, “upwelling”
occurs, oxygenating the water and making great fishing conditions• Current patterns are still not fully understood
OCEAN CURRENTS
Circulation of warm and cold waters Current names
EFFECT OF ELEVATION
TYPES OF CLIMATES
• NAMING SYSTEMS
TROPICAL RAINY
TROPICAL SAVANNA
Irregular rainy and dry seasons
Savannas flank rainforests
DESERTS –FOUR SCENARIOS (SOMETIMES OVERLAP)
• Interior of continents• Cold currents off
coast• Between 18 and 31
degrees latitude• Rain shadows
INTERIOR DESERTS
COASTAL DESERTS
RAIN SHADOW DESERTS
Painted Hills
MEDITERRANEAN
MARINE OR MARINE WEST COAST
RAINY! But mild Bright green on map
HUMID CONTINENTAL
HUMID SUBTROPICAL
STEPPE
Grasslands, mollisols Low precipitation
SUBARCTIC
POLAR