Climate Zones Climate Zones and Vegetationand Vegetation

Chapter 2 Section 3Chapter 2 Section 3

5 Types of Climate Zones5 Types of Climate Zones

►Tropical Tropical ►Mid LatitudeMid Latitude

►High LatitudeHigh Latitude ►DryDry

►HighlandHighland

Tropical ClimatesTropical Climates

The tropicsThe tropics

Tropical ClimatesTropical Climates

►Tropical Climates range from ______ Tropical Climates range from ______ to ______? (low latitude)to ______? (low latitude)

►If you like _________ weather you If you like _________ weather you would love to live in a tropical would love to live in a tropical climate.climate.

►There are two types of tropical There are two types of tropical climatesclimatesTropical Rain Forest ClimateTropical Rain Forest ClimateTropical Savanna ClimateTropical Savanna Climate

Tropical Rain Forest Tropical Rain Forest ClimateClimate

► Year round rainfall – produce lush Year round rainfall – produce lush vegetation which is home to millions vegetation which is home to millions of plants and animals. of plants and animals.

► The trees form a canopy over the land The trees form a canopy over the land allowing very little sunlight to allowing very little sunlight to actually reach the forest floor. actually reach the forest floor. (Mahogany, teak, ebony)(Mahogany, teak, ebony)

► The Amazon Basin in ________ The Amazon Basin in ________ ______________ is the largest rain forest ______________ is the largest rain forest region. region.

Canopy TreesCanopy TreesMahogany

Teak

Ebony

Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest

Tropical Savanna ClimateTropical Savanna Climate

►SavannasSavannas – broad grasslands – broad grasslands with few treeswith few trees

►Rainfall occurs only a few months Rainfall occurs only a few months out of a year.out of a year.

►Wet SeasonWet Season – Few months out – Few months out of the year when it does rain on of the year when it does rain on the tropical savanna.the tropical savanna.

►The rest of the year is hot and dryThe rest of the year is hot and dry

SavannasSavannas

What’s the DifferenceWhat’s the Difference

► Rainforest Rainforest climates – climates – remain wet remain wet most of the most of the year.year.

► Have a lot of Have a lot of vegetation vegetation

► Savanna Savanna Climates – have Climates – have a distinct wet a distinct wet and dry season.and dry season.

► Have minimal Have minimal vegetation with vegetation with very few trees. very few trees.

Tropical Climate ZonesTropical Climate ZonesLocationLocation

► Tropical Rain Forest:Tropical Rain Forest:► South AmericaSouth America► Africa Africa ► AsiaAsia

► Tropical Savanna:Tropical Savanna:► South AmericaSouth America► AfricaAfrica► AsiaAsia

Tropical ClimatesTropical Climates

►Tropical Climates especially the Tropical Climates especially the rain forests are home to more rain forests are home to more than half of our world’s plant and than half of our world’s plant and animal species. animal species.

►Rain forests in the tropical Rain forests in the tropical climates are very important to our climates are very important to our water cycle because they? water cycle because they? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Various other plants and Various other plants and animals species of Tropical animals species of Tropical

ClimatesClimates►

toucanSloth

Bromeliads

Venus Fly Trap

Poison Arrow Frog

Note-Taking CheckNote-Taking Check

►Where are the tropical climate Where are the tropical climate zones found?zones found?

Mid – Latitude Mid – Latitude ClimatesClimates

Mid-Latitude ClimatesMid-Latitude Climates

►Also known as a moderate climateAlso known as a moderate climate►Found in the “middle” between Found in the “middle” between

___________degrees N or S latitude, ___________degrees N or S latitude, and ___________ degrees N or S and ___________ degrees N or S Latitude from the equatorLatitude from the equator

►The majority of the world’s people The majority of the world’s people live within this climate region. live within this climate region.

Mid-Latitude ClimateMid-Latitude Climate

►This region has the most climate This region has the most climate zones and regions within it than zones and regions within it than any other. any other.

►Why? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Breakdown of the Mid-The Breakdown of the Mid-latitude Climate Zonelatitude Climate Zone

11. . Marine West Coast ClimateMarine West Coast Climate 2. Mediterranean Climate2. Mediterranean Climate 3. Humid Continental Climate3. Humid Continental Climate 4. Humid Subtropical Climate4. Humid Subtropical Climate

Marine West Coast Marine West Coast ClimateClimate

►Found on:Found on: The western coast of the United The western coast of the United

StatesStates Europe – EnglandEurope – England Australia – South EastAustralia – South East

What it is:What it is:

An area that receives winds An area that receives winds from the oceanfrom the ocean

Marine West Coast Marine West Coast ClimateClimate

►What is it like:What is it like: Winters: rainy and mildWinters: rainy and mild Summers: CoolSummers: Cool

You would probably see a lot of You would probably see a lot of _____________ which supports the _____________ which supports the growth of deciduous trees (those growth of deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves in the fall) or that lose their leaves in the fall) or Coniferous forests (cones and Coniferous forests (cones and needles)needles)

Marine West Coast Marine West Coast ClimateClimate

Coniferous Deciduous

Marine West Coast ClimateMarine West Coast Climate

Mediterranean ClimateMediterranean Climate

►Another mid-latitude climate zoneAnother mid-latitude climate zone►Has mild, rainy winters (much like Has mild, rainy winters (much like

the marine west coast climate)the marine west coast climate)►It has hot, dry summersIt has hot, dry summers►Vegetation include:Vegetation include:

ChaparralChaparral ShrubsShrubs Short treesShort trees

Vegetation: Mediterranean Vegetation: Mediterranean ClimateClimate

chaparral

Humid Continental Humid Continental ClimateClimate

► Another Mid-Latitude ClimateAnother Mid-Latitude Climate► If you live in the inland areas of North If you live in the inland areas of North

America, Europe, or Asia this is the America, Europe, or Asia this is the type of climate you may have. type of climate you may have.

► Winters can be __________, ___________, Winters can be __________, ___________, ________________(think of Chicago)________________(think of Chicago)

► Summers are normally _____________ and Summers are normally _____________ and very _____________.very _____________.

Humid Continental Humid Continental Climate:Climate:

VegetationVegetation ►You will probably find deciduous You will probably find deciduous

trees ( just like where?)trees ( just like where?)►Also vast grasslands may flourishAlso vast grasslands may flourish►Where in the United States might Where in the United States might

you find this type of area?you find this type of area?

Humid Continental Humid Continental ClimateClimate

Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical ClimateClimate

►Yet another type of mid-latitude Yet another type of mid-latitude climateclimate

►These regions are close to the These regions are close to the __________________________________

►Rain falls throughout the year, but Rain falls throughout the year, but the heaviest rain will come during the heaviest rain will come during this season? ___________________this season? ___________________

►The winters here are generally The winters here are generally mild and shortmild and short

Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical Climate: VegetationClimate: Vegetation

►OaksOaks►MagnoliasMagnolias►PalmsPalms

Humid Subtropical Humid Subtropical ClimateClimate

High Latitude High Latitude ClimatesClimates

High Latitude ClimateHigh Latitude Climate► These climates usually are mainly in These climates usually are mainly in

the high latitudes of each hemisphere the high latitudes of each hemisphere ( the circles) ranging from ______ ( the circles) ranging from ______ degrees to __________ degreesdegrees to __________ degrees

► Generally these climates are very cold Generally these climates are very cold but some are more severe than but some are more severe than others. others.

► There are three types of high latitude There are three types of high latitude climatesclimates SubarcticSubarctic TundraTundra Ice capIce cap

Subarctic ClimateSubarctic Climate

►This is the section closest to the This is the section closest to the mid latitude zones ( closest to 60 mid latitude zones ( closest to 60 degrees)degrees)

►There are very few people who live There are very few people who live herehere

►The climate is very cold and bitter The climate is very cold and bitter in the winterin the winter

►The summer can see temperatures The summer can see temperatures rising above freezingrising above freezing

Subarctic vegetationSubarctic vegetation

►Taiga – Taiga – Huge evergreen forestsHuge evergreen forests

TaigaTaiga

TundraTundra

► Closer to the Poles than the subarcticCloser to the Poles than the subarctic► Tundra – cold and dry weatherTundra – cold and dry weather► The Tundra is so cold that parts of the The Tundra is so cold that parts of the

soil stay frozen permanently – soil stay frozen permanently –

PermafrostPermafrost► Only the few top layers of the soil thaw Only the few top layers of the soil thaw

during the summer months. during the summer months. ► This thawed soil turns marshy in the This thawed soil turns marshy in the

summer giving the plants the nutrients summer giving the plants the nutrients they need to live. they need to live.

Tundra VegetationTundra Vegetation

►There are no trees that grow in There are no trees that grow in the tundra because it is too cold the tundra because it is too cold for their roots to set up in the for their roots to set up in the groundground

►There are however sturdy grasses There are however sturdy grasses and low bushes that growand low bushes that grow

TundraTundra

Ice Cap ClimateIce Cap Climate

►Antarctica and GreenlandAntarctica and Greenland►Monthly temperatures average in Monthly temperatures average in

Antarctica is -128 degrees Antarctica is -128 degrees ►No vegetation grows here No vegetation grows here

however some mosses and fungi however some mosses and fungi can grow. can grow.

Ice Cap ClimateIce Cap Climate

Ice CapIce Cap

Ice CapIce Cap

Note-taking CheckNote-taking Check

►What are the three types of What are the three types of high latitude climates?high latitude climates?

Dry ClimatesDry Climates

Dry ClimatesDry Climates

► Dry or partially dry areas that receive Dry or partially dry areas that receive little or no rainlittle or no rain

► Temperatures can be really hot during Temperatures can be really hot during the day and extremely cold in the the day and extremely cold in the night.night.

► Dry climates can be found at any Dry climates can be found at any latitude.latitude.

► There are two types of dry climatesThere are two types of dry climates Desert ClimateDesert Climate Steppe ClimateSteppe Climate

Desert ClimateDesert Climate

►Receive less than 10 inches of Receive less than 10 inches of rainfall per yearrainfall per year

►Only scattered plants such as Only scattered plants such as shrubs and ____________ can grow shrubs and ____________ can grow here.here.

►____________ can collect any rain that ____________ can collect any rain that falls because their roots are close falls because their roots are close to the surfaceto the surface..

►If irrigation is available some types If irrigation is available some types of crops can also be grown. of crops can also be grown.

Desert VegetationDesert Vegetation

DesertDesert

Steppe ClimateSteppe Climate

►Surrounding a desertSurrounding a desert►Partly dry grasslands and prairiesPartly dry grasslands and prairies►Means “treeless plain”Means “treeless plain”►Rain averages 10-20 inches per yearRain averages 10-20 inches per year►Vegetation include bushes and short Vegetation include bushes and short

grassesgrasses►An Example in the U.S. is An Example in the U.S. is

________________________________________________

Note-taking CheckNote-taking Check

►Where are steppe climate Where are steppe climate zones often located?zones often located?

Highland ClimateHighland Climate

Highland ClimateHighland Climate

►Cool or cold temperatures year Cool or cold temperatures year round.round.

►TIMBERLINE – the elevation when TIMBERLINE – the elevation when above it trees can grow only small above it trees can grow only small shrubs and bushes.shrubs and bushes.

TimberlineTimberline

Note-taking CheckNote-taking Check

►What is the timberline?What is the timberline?