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Clinical features and co-morbidities in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease
Author : Gyero Reka
Coordinator : Prof. Dr. Gabos Grecu Iosif
Co-authors : Barmou Amani Diana, Georgescu Ion Mihai,
Julia Magyar, Zoltan Kovacs
“Memory is all we are. Moments and feelings, captured in amber, strung on filaments of reason. Take a man’s memories and you take all of him. Chip away a memory at a time and you destroy him as surely as if you hammered nail after nail through his skull.”
- Mark Lawrence
Introduction of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
• Alzheimer’s disease is the prototype of a cortical degenerative disease
• AD is characterized pathologically by generalized atrophy of the cerebral cortex , neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic (amyloid ) plaques and granulovacuolar degeneration.
• A study made in 2006 estimated that 0.40% of the world population (range 11.4-59.4 million, absolute number 26.6 million) were afflicted by AD
• Same study predicted that this prevalence would triple and the absolute number would quadruple by 2050
What is dementia?
• An acquired syndrome of decline in memory and other cognitive functions suffcient to affect daily life in an alert patient
• Progressive and disabling
• NOT an inherent aspect of aging
• Different from normal cognitive lapses
Orientative differentiation between normal lapses and dementia
Normal lapses• Forgetting a name
• Finding right word
• Forgetting date or day
• Losing objects (keys, glasses)
• Gradual changes with aging
Dementia• Not recognizing family
members
• Substituting inappropriate words
• Getting lost in own neighborhood
• Not recognizing numbers
• Rapid mood swings for no reason
• Sudden, dramatic personality change
Factors infulencing onset and progression of AD dementia
Risk factors
• Age• Family history• Head injury• Educational background
Protective factors
• Estrogen replacement therapy after menopause
• NSAIDs• Antioxidants
Alzheimer’s Disease Progresses Through Distinct Stages
Stage
Symptoms
Method and subjects
Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Cardiovascular diseases
Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Associated general medical conditions classified in system pathologies
Psychopathologic findings
Psychopathologic findings
Psychopathologic findings
Psychopathologic findings
Conclusion• Dementias due to Alzheimer’s disease are pathologies
affecting women and men in a ratio of 1.8:1• Majority of patients are diagnozed after the age of 65
years• 3 most common underlying general medical conditions
are: artherial hypertension, type II diabetes and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy
• Clinical sympotms such as cognitive impairment, loss of memory, apraxia, aphasia, decline in self-care and so on are sever enough to interfere with the patient’s daily living
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