CLONINGCLONING

MOHAMMED MOINUDDIN MD

T0PICST0PICS

• Definition / Meaning• History / Evolution• Types of Cloning• Technique• Mass Opinion/Statistics• Religious,Political,Scientific,Medical, Emotional,Ethical,Social,Economical, ramifications of Cloning• Quiz

Definition/Meaning:Definition/Meaning:

• Copying,Duplication,Reproducing.

Istinsakh.

HISTORY / EVOLUTIONHISTORY / EVOLUTION• 1952 1ST Cloning of tadpoles

• 1978 World`s first test tube baby(Louise) conceived thru IVF

• 1996 sheep

• 1997 mice

• 1998 cow

• 2000 pig

• 2002 cat (cc)

• Soon Human

• July 1996 Ian Wilmut PhD of Roslin Institute,Scotland cloned the Ist mammal -- Dolly was born.(died on 2.14.03).

• Feb 1997 Article published in NATURE.

• President Clinton issues moratorium on the use of federal funds for human cloning (March 4,1997).

• August 9,2001 President Bush restricts research on Stem Cell .

• September 2002 Gov Davis of California signed the Bill 253 -- permits Stem Cell Research but bans reproductive cloning ($ 1 Million; 10 years)

TYPES OF CLONING TYPES OF CLONING

1.Embryo Cloning (twinning),Adult Cloning(reproductive cloning) and

therapeutic cloning

2.Molecular, Cellular and Embryo Cloning

3.Embryo splitting and Nuclear Transfer

4.Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning

NORMAL FERTILIZATION & NORMAL FERTILIZATION & IMPLANTATIONIMPLANTATION

TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

DOLLY & HER SURROGATE DOLLY & HER SURROGATE MOTHERMOTHER

MOVIE CLONING

CLONAIDCLONAID

• RAELIANS

• CLAUDE VORILHON (“RAEL”)

(FOUNDER)

• BRIGITTE BOISSELIER (CEO)

CHRISTIAN VIEWCHRISTIAN VIEW

• POPE JOHN PAUL II DELIVERED AN ADDRESS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON TRANSPLANTS ON 8.29.2000____

• ``….METHODS THAT FAIL TO RESPECT THE DIGNITY AND VALUE OF THE PERSON MUST ALWAYS BE AVOIDED.I AM THINKING IN PARTICULAR OF ATTEMPTS AT HUMAN CLONING WITH A VIEW TO OBTAINING ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANTS:THESE TECHNIQUES,IN SO FAR AS THEY INVOLVE THE MANIPULATION AND DESTRUCTION OF HUMAN EMBRYOS,ARE NOT MORALLY ACCEPTABLE,EVEN WHEN THEIR PROPOSED GOAL IS GOOD IN ITSELF.``

• THIS VIEW IS SHARED BY CATHOLICS , SOUTHERN BAPTISTS,AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHURCHES.

• PROTESTANTS SUCH AS LUTHERAN AND EPISCOPAL FAITHS APPROVE THERAPUETIC CLONING BUT OPPOSE REPRODUCTIVE CLONING. (MSNBC.COM)

BUDDH ISTS` VIEWBUDDH ISTS` VIEW

• NO STATED POSITION

• YELLOW LIGHT TO HUMAN CLONING

• RED LIGHT TO CLONING RESEARCH

• CREATION NOT SEEN AS GIFT OF GOD

• NO JUSTIFICATION FOR DEHUMANISATION

HINDUS` VIEWSHINDUS` VIEWS

• FLASHING RED LIGHT—``TEMPORARY PAUSE TO PROVIDE TIME TO THINK,BUT HAVE NOT ISSUED AN OUTRIGHT OBJECTION OF HUMAN CLONING.``

• CONCERN FOR GREED AND POWERTHAT MIGHT BE SERVED BY AGGRESSIVE SCIENTISTS WHO CALL FOR CLONING.

• C.CAMPBELL,DIRECTOR OF THE PROGRAM FOR ETHICS,SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT AT OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY.

JEWISH VIEWJEWISH VIEW

• RABBI EDWARD REICHMAN,ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY AT YESHIVA UNIVERSITY EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE SAID:

• ``THE JEWISH FAITH GENERALLY WELCOMES NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES IN AS MUCH AS THEY CAN BENEFIT THE WORLD,ESPECIALLY MEDICINE.WE DO NOT NECESSARY PERCEIVE ALL ADVANCES AS STEPPING ON GOD`S TOES.``(MSNBC.COM)

• MOST JEWS DO NOT CONSIDER A FERTILIZED EMBRYO TO HAVE FULL HUMAN STATUS.MSNBC

MUSLIMS` VIEWSMUSLIMS` VIEWS

• DIVERSITY OF OPINIONS• DR NASR FARID WASIL,LEADING MUFTI OF

EGYPT----HUMAN COPYING IS AN ACT OF DISBELIEF AND IMMORAL CONDUCT WHICH MUST BE CONTROLLED BY THE GOVT.

• YUSUF AL-QARADWI,EGYPTIAN LEGIST----IF THE MATTER IS ACHIEVED THEN IT IS CERTAINLY UNDER THE WILL OF GOD.NOTHING CAN BE CREATED WITHOUT GOD`S WILL CREATING IT.AS LONG AS HUMANS CONTINUE TO DO SO,IT IS THE WILL OF GOD.ACTUALLY,WE DO NOT SEARCH FOR THE QUESTION WHETHER IT IS IN ACCORD WITH THE WILL OF GOD.OUR SEARCH IS WHETHER THE MATTER IS LICIT OR NOT.

MUSLIMS` VIEWS (contd)MUSLIMS` VIEWS (contd)• SH MD IBN SALEH AL OTHIMIN IS A MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL OF ULEMA,THE

HIGHEST RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY IN THE SAUDI KINGDOM,RESPONDING TO THE BIRTH OF DOLLY,HE SAID:``I THINK THAT THE LOWEST PENALTY IMPOSED ON THOSE WHO INVENTED CLONING SHOULD BE EXECUTED.IT AMOUNTS TO MANIPULATION OF MANKIND.IT`S THE WORST KIND OF CORRUPTION ON EARTH.``

• SH MD HUSSEIN FADLALLAH,THE SHIITE MUSLIM LEADER IN LEBANON STATED:``IT IS FALSE TO SAY THAT CLONING IS AN ATTEMPT TO INTERVENE IN THE DIVINE CREATION.THE RESEARCHERS HAVE NOT INVENTED NEW LAWS.THEY HAVE ONLY DISCOVERED NEW LAWS FOR THE ORGANISM,JUST LIKE THEY DISCOVERED LAWS OF IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTS.THEY MADE THESE DISCOVERIES BECAUSE GOD ALLOWED IT.WE MUST EMERGE FROM THE DARK AGES TO WHICH SCIENCE IS AN ANATHEMA.

• MAHMUD ZAQZUQ,EGYPT`S RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS MINISTER,STATED:``IT IS NOT ADVISABLE TO ANNOUNCE A HASTY RELIGIOUS JUDGEMENT ON THE CLONING OF ANIMALS AND HUMANS,ESPECIALLY AS WESTERN SCIENTISTS HAVE SAID THEY NEED ANOTHER 7 YEARS TO COMPLETE THE RESEARCH.``

MUSLIMS` VIEWS (contd)MUSLIMS` VIEWS (contd)• DR MUZAMMIL SIDDIQUI, FORMER PRESIDENT OF ISNA:

1. IVF IS ALLOWED IF IT IS BETWEEN LEGALLY MARRIED MAN AND WOMAN (NOT DIVORCED) AND DURING HUSBAND`S LIFE.

FERTILIZED OVUM IN UTERUS IS NOT THE SAME AS WHEN IT IS IN A TEST TUBE-----ACTUAL LIFE VS POTENTIAL LIFE. DESTRUCTION OF EMBRYO IN THESE CIRCUMSTANCES IS NOT EQUIVALENT TO INFANTICIDE.

2. STEM CELL RESEARCH TO RELIEVE HUMAN SUFFERING IS FARD KIFAYAH.3. EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH SHOULD BE HEAVILY LIMITED.4. ADULT STEM CELL RESEARCH SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED.

• DR IBRAHIM SYED, DIRECTOR OF THE ISLAMIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL SAID:

“ANYTHING NEW, JUST AS A REACTION. THEY OPPOSE IT. OUR

RELIGIOUS LEADERS HAVE LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES. BUT THE PROBLEM WORKS BOTH WAYS,THE SCIENTISTS DO NOT KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, OFTEN.”

Public expectations Public expectations

JAMES BYRNE & JOHN JAMES BYRNE & JOHN GURDONGURDON

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

• I CAN THUMB MY NOSE AT MR. DEATH AND SAY, “YOU MIGHT GET ME, BUT YOU ARE NOT GOING TO GET ALL OF ME. THE SPECIAL FORMULA THAT IS ME WILL LIVE ON INTO ANOTHER LIFETIME. IT IS A PARTIAL TRIUMPH OVER DEATH. I WOULD LEAVE MY IMPRINT NOT IN SAND BUT IN CEMENT.”

• THE ROAD TO IMMORTALITY IS NOT THROUGH CLONING.

COPYCATCOPYCAT

COMMENTARY ON HUMAN CLONING COMMENTARY ON HUMAN CLONING JAMES A BYRNE AND JOHN B GURDON JAMES A BYRNE AND JOHN B GURDON

THE ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS BASICALLY COME DOWN TO OUR SOCIETY`S VALUE SYSTEM. WHICH IS OF GREATER VALUE----THE LIFE OF AN ADULT OR CHILD DYING FROM A DEGENERATIVE DISEASE, OR A 5-DAY-OLD EMBRYO THAT IS LITTLE MORE THAN A BALL OF CELLS?

WITH OUR CURRENT LEVEL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS, THERAPEUTIC HUMAN CLONING HAS THE GREATEST MEDICAL POTENTIAL IN COMPARISON TO ITS SUGGESTED ALTERNATIVES. NOT TO PROCEED WITH THIS THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH IS EQUIVALENT TO TURNING OUR BACKS ON ONE OF THE GREATEST MEDICAL ADVANCES OF OUR TIME AND CONDEMNING MILLIONS OF ADULTS AND CHILDREN TO A PREMATURE DEATH OR A LIFE OF INTENSE MISERY AND SUFFERING. IS THIS THE BRAVE NEW WORLD WE WISH TO LIVE IN?

NIH NEWS RELEASENIH NEWS RELEASE

• ``----RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN PLURIPOTENT HUMAN STEM CELLS—PROMISES NEW TREATMENTS AND POSSIBLE CURES FOR MANY DEBILITATING DISEASES AND INJURIES, INCLUDING PARKINSON`S DISEASE,DIABETES, HEART DISEASE, MS, BURNS AND SPINAL CORD INJURIES. THE NIH BELIEVES THE POTENTIAL MEDICAL BENEFITS OH HUMAN PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY ARE COMPELLING AND WORTHY OF PERSUIT IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPROPRIATE ETHICAL STANDARDS.

OPINIONSOPINIONS

• COLLEEN PARRO, SPOKESPERSON FOR THE REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COALITION FOR LIFE,JUNE 2000:

WE DO NOT BELIEVE THAT HUMAN BEINGS SHOULD EVER BE SACRIFICED FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANOTHER. WE THOUGHT WE LEFT THAT AT NUREMBERG MORE THAN 50 YEARS AGO.

• SENATOR ORRIN HATCH: I JUST CANNOT EQUATE A CHILD LIVING IN

THE WOMB, WITH MOVING TOES AND FINGERS AND A BEATING HEART, WITH A FROZEN EMBRYO SITTING IN A LAB SOMEWHERE.

ETHICIST CAPLAN`S VIEW ETHICIST CAPLAN`S VIEW

• “CLONING RIGHT NOW LOOKS LIKE IT`S COMING TO US ON A MAGIC CARPET, PILOTED BY A CULT LEADER, SOLD TO WHOEVER CAN AFFORD IT, THAT MAKES PEOPLE NERVOUS.”

TIME/CNN POLLTIME/CNN POLL IS IT A GOOD IDEA TO CLONE HUMANS? GOOD IDEA 7% BAD IDEA 93% MAIN REASON AGAINST HUMAN CLONING: RELIGIOUS BELIEFS 34% INTERFERES WITH HUMAN INDIVIDUALITY 22% USED FOR ? PURPOSES LIKE BREEDING A SUPERIOR RACE 22% IS IT AGAINST GOD`S WILL TO CLONE HUMANS? YES 69% NO 23% DO THE FOLLOWING JUSTIFY CREATING A HUMAN CLONE? FOR VITAL ORGANS: YES 28% NO 68% TO HELP INFERTILE COUPLES HAVE CHILDREN YES 20% NO 76%. TO ALLOW GAY COUPLES TO HAVE CHILDREN YES 6% NO 92% IF YOU HAD A CHANCE, WOULD YOU CLONE YOURSELF? YES 5% NO 95%

WHO WOULD YOU LIKE TO WHO WOULD YOU LIKE TO CLONE?CLONE?

• MOTHER THERESA 21%

• MICHAEL JORDAN 7.2%

• ROBERT REDFORD 4%

• BILL GATES 3.9%

• BILL CLINTON 3.7%

• HILLARY CLINTON 2.3%

COSTCOST

• $895 TO FREEZE DNA

• $ 100 FOR ANNUAL SRORAGE

RIGHTS OF THE CLONERIGHTS OF THE CLONE

• What ARE the constitutional rights

THE ENDTHE END

• KHEL KHATAM PAISA HAZAM

• IS THE DINNER READY YET??

• CLAUDE , HOW COME YOU DID NOT DOSE OFF?

BENEFITS OF CLONINGBENEFITS OF CLONING

TEEN`S STEM CELLS----TEEN`S STEM CELLS----

• DIMITRI BONNVILLE,16 YR OLD STUDENT WAS SHOT WITH A NAIL GUN ON CHEST.FOLLOWING ITS REMOVAL,HE SUSTAINED MI.

• NEUPOGEN----STEM CELL HARVEST---INJECTED INTO CORONARY.

• 10 DAYS POST OP----DOING WELL.