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Close Proximity Electric Induction Data Transfer
Overview
September 2010
Ecma/TC50/2010/037
What is Electric Induction Coupling?
Electric Induction Coupling is a new wireless technology that combines the speed of UWB (Ultra-Wide Band) with the ease of NFC (Near Field Communications). Operating up to a distance of a few centimeters, this technology delivers a close proximity connection at a transfer speed of 560 Mbps by means of a simple “touch” between two devices. From a user standpoint, this model can be thought of as an intuitive, touch-activated, high-speed data interface providing instant connectivity between a wide variety of consumer (and non-consumer) electronic products.
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Key Concepts
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Proximity Interface - Intuitive Model Simply bring two devices close together and the connection is
established and data transfer begins!
High Speed 560 Mbps (max) for the physical layer 375 Mbps (max) effective throughput
No Setup Required Instant, ad-hoc touch triggers the connection
Safe and Secure Limited spatial reach ensures inherent privacy and security
Interference Free Induction coupler and low power minimize interference effects Excellent co-existence with other systems
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Example Use Cases
The Benefits
This wireless standard enables a high-speed, low-power interface for the transfer of data between two active devices in very close proximity.
There are no standards in existence today that can handle bi-directional data transfer at speeds above 500 Mbps optimized for close proximity, one-to-one communication.
This standard ensures basic connectivity and interoperability for data transfer regardless of product, application, usage model or content.
This standard can be directly applied for a variety of different industry segments, including consumer electronics, industrial, enterprise, public areas and special environments.
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Basic Technology
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Center Frequency 4.48 GHz
Bandwidth 560 MHz
Transmission Power < -70 dBm/MHz
Transmission Rate 560 Mbps (physical )
Modulation Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
Communication Distance Up to a few centimeters
Data Transfer Direction Bi-directional, symmetric
Antenna Element Electric Induction Coupler
Connection Topology 1-to-1, Point-to-Point
_
Unique Wireless Positioning
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BluetoothBluetooth 2.1 2.1
Low-bandwidth Personal Area Networking
1
10
100
500
Distance Coverage (m) 1 100 10
Wi-FiWi-Fi 802.11a/b/g/n802.11a/b/g/n
Local Area Networking
UWBUWB
Personal Area Networking
Eff
ecti
ve T
hro
ug
hp
ut
(M
ps)
NFC
Authentication Transaction
ProximityProximity LongitudinalLongitudinal
ElectricElectric InductionInduction
High-Speed Data Transfer
Interface
- High-Speed Data Transfer - Robust Connection - Secure Communications - Zero Configuration / Setup - Interference Free - Regulatory Compliance
ECMA-340…
ECMA-368…
Memory Spot
Enhanced RFID
7
-70 dBm/MHz:
-41.3 dBm/MHz:
Frequency Usage
Region of Operation 4.2 to 4.76 GHz
-70 dBm/MHz or below
The frequency used is from 4.2 to 4.76 GHz, corresponding to a section of the UWB band available in most regions of the world. The power level is kept at or below -70 dBm/MHz, which means that a compliant device will be DAA exempt.
Electric Induction Principle
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+ + + + +
_ _ _ _ _
L
Q
Q
Transverse Component
Longitudinal Component
Quasi-Static
Induction
Radiation
cos1
2 23
R
jk
R
peE
jkR
R
sin
1
4
2
23
R
k
R
jk
R
peE
jkR
sin
1
4 2
R
jk
R
pejH
jkR
Electric Induction Coupling Mode
Inductive Charge
Inverse Mirror Charge
A specially designed antenna called a coupler is used to maximize the longitudinal electricinduction component and minimize the radiation component of the wireless energy. This results in highly efficient coupling in the near field while providing sharp attenuation in the far field.
Generic Coupler Structure
x y
z
RE
E共振部
結合電極
グランド Ground
Induction Plate
Resonant Stub
Electric Induction Coupling Animation
No Target Target within range
λ/
2 @
4.4
8GH
z
1cm
Coupler
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The coupler delivers a "bubble" of energy which collapses back in its entirety with each cycle, unless another coupler comes into its vicinity in which case part of the energy is absorbed by this target coupler. When there are no target couplers nearby, no energy is dissipated unlike traditional antennas radiating TEM waves.
Longitudinal Electric Induction Coupler
Conventional Radiating Dipole Antenna
Electric Field Propagation
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Linear Polarization
Polarization Free
Because the longitudinal electric induction fields originate from a single plate, they are not polarized. The couplers can approach each other at any angle without sacrificing coupling performance, in contrast toradiating antennas which generally have clear polarizing characteristics.
The near-field sensitivity is also higher using couplers compared to traditional dipole antennas.
Usage Scenarios
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Consumer Electronics
Outdoor Use
Enterprise
Industrial
Location-Based
Home & Personal AV products
Digital Signage
Kiosk
Public Areas
Outdoors Under water
Automotive
Rugged Environments
Industrial
Shopping Mall
In addition to consumer electronics, electric induction data transfer is also suited for industrial and other usage scenarios that require robust, high-speed, non-contact connections.
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Worlds are About to TouchWorlds are About to Touch
Creating a New TouchTouch Paradigm
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www.ecma-international.org