Dr.Ram Mohan.K.P

Cloud computing

• Cloud computing is a recently evolved computing terminology based on utility and consumption of computing resources.

• It involves deploying groups of remote servers and software networks that allow centralized data storage and online access to computer services or resources. 

• Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and econimies of scale, similar to a utility (like the Electricity Grid) over a network

Definition of Cloud ComputingA standardised IT capability (services, software or infrastructure) delivered via internet technologies in a pay-per-use, self-service way

A style of computing where massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided “as a service” using internet technologies to multiple external customers

Cloud services are shared services, under virtualised management, accessible over the internet

History of cloud computing

• Cloud computing in its modern sense appeared early as 1996,.

• The popularization of the term can be traced to 2006 when Amazon.com introduced the Elastic Compute Cloud.

• The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost.

• The goal of cloud computing is to allow users to take benefit from all technologies, without the need for deep knowledge about or expertise with each one of them.

•  The cloud aims to cut costs, and helps the users focus on their core business instead of being impeded by IT obstacles.

•  Cloud resources are usually not only shared by multiple users but are also dynamically reallocated per demand. 

•  For example, a cloud computer facility that serves European users during European business hours with a specific application (e.g., email) may reallocate the same resources to serve North American users during North America's business hours with a different application (e.g., a web server).

•  This approach  maximize the use of computing power thus reducing environmental damage as well since less power, air conditioning, rack space, etc. .

Cloud computing refers to the use and access of multiple server 

based computational resources via an Internet connection . 

Cloud users may access the server resources using a computer, , 

smart phone, or other device. 

Applications are provided and managed by the cloud server and 

data is also stored remotely in the cloud configuration.

Users do not download and install applications on their own

device or computer; all processing and storage is maintained by 

the cloud server. 

Cloud Computing- CONCEPT

virtualization

• The main enabling technology for cloud computing is  virtualization  . Virtualization software separates a physical computing device into one or more "virtual" devices, each of which can be easily used and managed to perform computing tasks.

• Virtualization provides the agility required to speed up IT operations, and reduces cost by increasing infrastructure utilization 

• By minimizing user involvement, automation speeds up the process, reduces labor costs and reduces the possibility of human errors.

Characteristics of the Cloud

• On-demand & self-service • 2.Broad network access • 3.Resource pooling (location independent) • 4.Rapid elasticity • 5.Agility • 6.Measured service (& mostly postpay)

Cloud ComponentsIt has three components 1.) Client computers2.) Distributed Servers3.) Datacenters

ClientsClients are the device that the end user interact with cloud. three types of clients:

1.) Mobile2.) Thick3.) Thin (Most Popular)

Distributed servers

Often servers are in geographically different places, but server acts as if they are working next to each other.

Datacenter

It is collection of servers where application is placed and is accessed via internet.

Central Server

• It Administers the system such as monitoring traffic, client demands to ensure everything runs smoothly.

• It uses a special type of software called Middleware.

• Middleware allow computer to communicate each other.

What are Cloud Stacks?Cloud Services can be dived into 3 stacks:

1. Infrastructure as a Service: IaaS2. Platform as a Service: PaaS3. Software as a Service: SaaS

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)This is the base layer of the cloud stack.

It serves as a foundation for the other two layers, for their execution

 your application will be executed on a virtual computer. You have the choice of virtual computer, where you can select a configuration of CPU, memory & storage that  is optimal for your application.  The  whole  cloud  infrastructure  viz.  servers,  routers,  hardware based  load-balancing,  firewalls,  storage  &  other  network equipments are provided by the IaaS provider. The customer buy these resources as a service on a need basis. 

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS)

This is the Top most layer of the cloud computing stack - directly consumed by end user – i.e. SaaS (Software as a Service).

•Next generation SaaS promises everything as a service over the internet.•Cloud computing started with a similar premise.•A computing paradigm where there exists a flexible set of computing resources across the internet.•

• The term "moving to cloud" also refers to an organization moving away from a traditional CAPEX model (buy the dedicated hardware and depreciate it over a period of time) to the OPEX model (use a shared cloud infrastructure and pay as one uses it).

Migrating Your Business to the Cloud

HR CRM

ERPSCM

Deployment of Cloud Service

• Public Cloud• Private Cloud• Community Cloud• Hybrid Cloud(Combined Cloud)

Types of Cloud• Public Cloud – Available to the general public or large industry 

group and is owned by an organisation selling cloud services

• Community Cloud – Shared by several organisations  and 

supports  a specific community that has shared concerns

• Private Cloud – Operated solely for an organisation or company

• Hybrid Cloud – Combination of two of the above, they remain 

unique entities but are bound together by standardised 

technologies

Characteristics of a Cloud Environment

• Dynamic- One of the keys to 

cloud computing is on-demand 

provisioning

• Massively scalable- The service 

must react immediately to your 

needs

• Multi-tenant- Cloud computing, by 

its nature, delivers shared services

Characteristics of a Cloud Environment

• Self-service - As a user, you can use 

the service as you require

• Per-usage based pricing model - 

You should only ever pay for the 

amount of service you consume

• IP-based architecture - Cloud 

architectures are based on virtualised, 

internet based technologies

PROS AND CONS : ADVANTAGES: Software as a SubscriptionReduced Software MaintenanceIncreased ReliabilityEnvironmentally FriendlyCost ReductionPortability/Accessibility

BENEFITS OF CLOUD• Reduce spending on technology• Globalize your work force    on the cheap• Reduce capital cost• Improve accessibility• Improve flexibility• Less personal training is needed• Monitor project more effectively• Achieve economic of scale

          

Why cloud service is popular?

• Reduce the complexity of networks.• Do not have to buy software

licenses.• Customization.• Cloud providers that have

specialized in a particular area (such as e-mail) can bring advanced services that a single company might not be able to afford or develop.

• scalability, reliability, and efficiency.• Info. at cloud are not easily lost.

DISADVANTAGES:

Bandwidth could bust your budget

App performance could suffer

Data might not be cloud-worthy

Too big to scale

Security and privacy• Cloud computing poses privacy concerns because the 

service provider can access the data that is on the cloud at any time. 

• It could accidentally or deliberately alter or even delete information.

•  Many cloud providers can share information with third parties if necessary for purposes of law and order even without a warrant. That is permitted in their privacy policies which users have to agree to before they start using cloud services

• Users can encrypt data that is processed or stored within the cloud to prevent unauthorized access.

•  hackers are spending substantial time and effort looking for ways to penetrate the cloud. 

• "There are some real Achilles' heels in the cloud infrastructure that are making big holes for the bad guys to get into”.

•  Because data from hundreds or thousands of companies can be stored on large cloud servers, hackers can theoretically gain control of huge stores of information through a single attack — a process he called "hyperjacking".

• According to the Cloud Security Alliance, the top three threats in the cloud are

•  “Insecure Interfaces and API’s”, • Data Loss & Leakage”, and•  “Hardware Failure” • which accounted for 29%, 25% and 10% of all cloud security outages respectively - together these form shared technology vulnerabilities

• Physical control of the computer equipment (private cloud) is more secure than having the equipment off site and under someone else's control (public cloud). 

• This delivers great incentive to public cloud computing service providers to prioritize building and maintaining strong management of secure services

Future of CLOUD COMPUTING The 55%  of respondents believe that cloud computing 

has a lower total cost of ownership (TCO).

74 percent of respondents indicated that cloud computing would either lead to an increase in hiring or have no impact, while rest of respondents expected any decrease in hiring based on cloud adoption.

39 percent indicating that the cloud would make for less or more complex environments.

70 billions connections & 1/3 of consumer digital content in the cloud

by 2020 & 2016 respectively

• In 2012, about 2.5 exabytes are created every day and is expected to double every 40 months. An exabyte is 10,000 times of a petabyte (approx 20 million filing cabinets)

Conclusions• Cloud Computing is the fastest growing part of IT

• Tremendous benefits to customers of all sizes

• Cloud services are simpler to acquire and scale up or down

Application

• Social Networking sites.• E-mail sites.• Search Engines.• Many more services OVER

THE INTERNET.

Free cloud computing applications• Photo editing software• Online file storage• Twitter related applications• Digital Video• Creating your image album• Photo editing software• Anti-virus applications on the web• Editing documents, spreadsheets and powerpoints• Finding your way on a map• e-commerce software• Miscellaneous applications

Top 10 Cloud providers• 1. Amazon: 

2. Akamai3. IBM. 4. Enki Consulting.5. Rackspace:6. Verizon: 7. Google8. Linode: 9. Microsoft10. Salesforce:

•

Main cloud services• 1. BaaS - Backup as a Service• 2. CaaS - Communications as a Service• 3. DaaS - Desktop as a Service• 4. DaaS - Database as a Service• 5. HaaS - Hardware as a Service• 6. IaaS - Identity as a Service• 7. IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service• 8. PaaS - Platform as a Service• 9. SaaS - Software as a Service• 10. SaaS - Storage as a Service

Best Free Cloud Storage Providers and Their Features

• 1. Google Drive• Free storage: 5 GB• Approximate annual price for 20 GB: $29.88• Max file size allowed: 10 GB• Desktop apps: Windows, Mac• Mobile apps: Android, iOS coming soon

2. Dropbox

• Free storage: 2 GB (Get more space through referrals.)

• Approximate annual price for 50 GB: $99• Approximate annual price for 100 GB: $199• Max file size allowed: 300 MB via browser, unlimited via desktop

• Desktop apps: Windows, Mac, Linux• Mobile apps: Android, iOS, BlackBerry

3. Apple iCloud

• Free storage: 5 GB• Approximate annual price for 20 GB: $40• Approximate annual price for 50 GB: $100• Max file size allowed: 25 MB for free users, 250 MB for paid users

• Desktop apps: Windows, Mac• Mobile apps: iOS only

4. Microsoft SkyDrive

• Free storage: 7 GB• Approximate annual price for 20 GB: $10• Approximate annual price for 100 GB: $50• Max file size allowed: 2 GB• Desktop apps: Windows, Mac• Mobile apps: iOS, Windows Phone