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Cluster Coordinators Training Programme B.R.SHIVAKUMAR DD(Tech) KARWAR 4 -7 -2010 2=30PM - 4=00PM
Cluster Coordinators Training Programme
B.R.SHIVAKUMAR
DD(Tech)
KARWAR
4 -7 -2010
2=30PM - 4=00PM
Topics to be covered
Protection of water sourcesEquitable distribution of waterReduction of pumping hoursAction plan to increase the household
connections
View of Earth
WATER
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O
Water is a liquid, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state, water vapor or steam.
Water covers 70.9% of the Earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life
Where is water found
On Earth, it is found mostly in oceans and other large water bodies, with 1.6% of water below ground in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds, and precipitation.
Oceans hold 97% of surface water. Glaciers and polar ice caps 2.4%, and other
land surface water such as rivers, lakes and ponds 0.6%.
How much water is where
Oceans, Seas, & Bays 96.5% Ice caps, Glaciers, & Permanent Snow 1.74% Ground water 1.7% Fresh 0.76% Saline 0.94% Soil Moisture 0.001% Ground Ice & Permafrost 0.022%
How much water is where
Lakes 0.013% Fresh 0.007% Saline 0.006% Atmosphere 0.001%
Swamp Water 0.0008% Rivers 0.0002%
Potable & Safe Water
Water fit for human consumption is called drinking water or potable water.
Water that is not fit for drinking but is not harmful for humans when used for bathing, cooking and similar activities is called safe water
Water sources
Ground water sourceso Bore Wellso Open Wellso Shallow dug wells, Springs.
Surface Sources Rivers, Lakes,Ponds,Streams,Jhari’s,etc Sea -in countries where Desalination is being
done then is the source. Reservoirs
Access to drinking water in the third world
Why protect water sources
Low percentage of availability To ensure quality To ensure quantity does not deplete To prevent contamination To ensure sustainability To ensure potability
Protection of water sources
Protection of qualityPrevent contamination both surface and
under ground Protection of Quantity
Prevent abuse, encourage recharge
GROUP DISCUSSION
1. How does water get contaminated?
2. How to prevent it ?
EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
What is Equitable Distribution? Why is it necessary? How can it be achieved? Who is responsible?
EQUITY IN QUALITY AND QUANTITY
Reduction in hours of pumping
Why should we reduce the hours of pumping?
How can we achieve it ? How can the community contribute to it ? Coordinators as change agents ! Impact on O & M
INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLD TAP CONNECTIONS
What does it mean to the lady of the house? Benefits to the household Benefits to the water supply system. Role of coordinator Over all impact
DEBATE
Should the number of individual household tap connections be increased to cover the entire village ?
Advantages and Disadvantages
Percentage of Coverage
Questions ??
THANK YOU !!!!!THANK YOU !!!!!
B.R.SHIVAKUMAR
DD(Tech)
KARWAR
9448357750, [email protected]
