Cluster Treatment for Domestic Wastewater Management in Thailand

Ms. Wilasinee SaktaywinWater Quality Management Bureau

Pollution Control Department 18 February 2013

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE)

Advisor to the Minister Advisory Committee

Internal Auditor

System Development

Office of the Secretary to the

Minister

General Administration

Polities and Policy

Coordination

Technical Support

Directing Environment Affairs

Natural Resource Affairs

Inland Water Affairs

Office of the Permanent Secretary

Pollution Control

Department

National Park, Wildlife

and Plant Conservation Department

Department of Water

Resources

Office of the Natural

Resources and

Environment Policy and Planning

Department of Environment

Quality Promotion

Department

Department of Mineral

Resources

Department of Marine and

Coastal Resources

Department of Groundwater Resources

Remark: State Enterprises include: • Zoological Park Organization • Wastewater Management Authority• Botanical Garden Organization

Government organization under MoNRE

Background

Domestic Wastewater Characteristics

Wastewater Characteristics (mg/L)Type of sewers

Wastewater Characteristics (mg/L)

BOD5Suspended

SolidTKN-

NitrogenPhosphorus

Combinedsystem

65 – 110 (80)

40 – 110 (80)

10 - 40 (30)

1 – 6(4)

y

Separate system

(160) (160) 10 - 40 (30) 1 – 6 (4)

Note: ( ) Guidance value

Wastewater Treatment System in Thailand

Central

92 Constructed(BKK 7 plants)

144 plants

100 plants 8 under-construction

(BKK 1 plants)

LGOs 34 plants

Total Capacity 2.7 million m3/d

Cluster 48 plants

BKK 14 plants

Note: LGOs = Local Government OrganizationsBKK = Bangkok

120 80,000 Cost (MB) No. of plants

Cost for construction of Central treatment system

80

100

40,000

60,000

40

60

-

20,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Note: MB = million baht (1 USD 30 Baht)

BKK 8 plants24 000 MB

Cost for construction of Central treatment system

100 plants 60,000 MB

24,000 MB(3,000 MB/plants)

LGOs 92 plantsLGOs 92 plants 36,000 MB

(400 MB/plants)

Note: LGOs = Local Government OrganizationsBKK = Bangkok

Type of Central Treatment system

Activated Sludge (36%)

Wetland (2%) Rotating Biological contactor (1%)

Stabilization Pond (45%)Aerated Lagoon

(16%)

Wastewater Fee CollectionWastewater Fee Collection

Collected 8 plants

Central

100 plants

(Collection efficiency

40-98%)

Work in progress

4 plants4 plants

Non process

88 plants

Problem of Central Treatment System

Non operated plantsS t lf ti i f 2011Non

operated20%

• System malfunctioning from 2011 Thailand floods and other cases

Operated plants• Over design

• >50% of total plants collected t t 50% f it

Operated80%

wastewater <50% of capacity

• Low BOD influent

• Trouble of operation and maintenance (Man, Money, Material)

600 target area for wastewater management (2010-2016)

1%

Management (Budget support) Non management

99%

National Policy on Construction and Management of Wastewater Treatment Systemof Wastewater Treatment System

• Issue target area for wastewater management • Supporting construction of wastewater treatment

system which suitable for each area (Promote small treatment plant)

• Enhance LAOs to effective management of existing wastewater treatment system

• Encourage LAOs to collect wastewater fee• Promote effluent reuse

Management and

Management and Institutional Aspect of Cluster Treatment

Main laws related to construction and management of wastewater treatment system

The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535 (1992)

(NEQA 1992)

The Plan and Decentralization Process to Local Government Organization Act, B.E. 2542 (1999)

Steps of set up the wastewater treatment system

A: Preparation and Planning of

LGOsLGOs

B: Set up of Provincial

Action Plan

C: Consideration of Provincial Action Plan

D: Construction and Operation &Maintenance

E: Management

Control

Organization’s roles in the wastewater management plan

Steps Organization Responsibility

A: Preparation and Planning of LGOs

LGOs - Feasibility study- Detail design- Public hearings- Project proposal- etc.

B: Province - Formulate PAP which Set up of Provincial Action Plan (PAP)

(the Governor) incorporate the project proposals of LGOs- Submit to ONEPP

Note: ONEPP = Office of the Natural Resources and Environment Policy and Planning

Organization’s roles in the wastewater management plan (Cont.)

Step Organization Responsibility

C: Consideration of Provincial Action Plan

ONEPP -Analyze and screen of PAP by the regulatory committee - Submit the approved PAP to NEB for approval

The National Consider and give Environment Board (NEB)

approval to PAP

TheDecentralization to LGOs Committee

Allocate budget to LGOs for operated the approved project

Source of fund to construct the wastewater treatment system under the Provincial Action Plan

Budget(100%)(100%)

Central government

(90%)LGOs

(10%)

Fiscal Budget

Environmental fund

Step Organization Responsibility

Organization’s roles in the wastewater management plan (Cont.)

D: Construction and O&M

LGOs -Construction the wastewater treatment system- O&M the system - Monitoring the Influent and effluent

C ll t th f- Collect the fee

E: Management Control

Pollution ControlDepartment (PCD)

- Monitoring and control the effluent to meet the standard

Technological Aspect of Cluster Treatment

Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant

• LGOs ~34 Plants• Capacity 50-500 m3/d• Trend increasing• Low investment and operational cost

• Anaerobic Filter• SP + Wetland• Contacted

Technology

and operational cost

Situation

Aerated filter• Fixed Film AS

Constr cted WetlandConstr cted WetlandHybrid Oxidation Ponds : HOPHybrid Oxidation Ponds : HOP Constructed WetlandConstructed Wetland

Aerated Fixed filmAerated Fixed film

Contact Aerated FilterContact Aerated Filter

Trickling FilterTrickling Filter

Capacity 50 m3/d

Pumping stationPumping stationPumping stationPumping station Grit chamberGrit chamberGrit chamberGrit chamber Septic tankSeptic tankSeptic tankSeptic tank

Sand drying bedSand drying bedSand drying bedSand drying bedWetlandWetlandWetlandWetland

Maturation pondMaturation pondMaturation pondMaturation pond Stabilization pondStabilization pondStabilization pondStabilization pond

BOD removal >95%

• Subsurface flow

Constructed Wetland (Capacity 400 m3/d)

• Free Water Surface flow

Constructed Wetland (Capacity 400 m3/d)

Storage pond

Reuse treated wastewater

BOD, SS removal 80-90%

Capacity 80 m3/d

แยกน้ําทิง้ส่วนใสออกและนําตะกอนบางส่วน

์และนาตะกอนบางสวนกลับไปยังส่วนเติมอากาศ

จุลินทรีย์บนตัวกลางในน้ําเสีย ย่อยสลายสารอินทรีย์ในน้ําเสีย

กวนผสมให้น้ําเสียมีคุณลักษณะคงท่ี

ระบบบําบดัน้ําเสียทม.พทัลุง และทม.สะเดา จ.สงขลา

เก็บพักตะกอนจุลินทรีย์ส่วนเกินเพื่อให้เกิดการย่อยสลายและรอ

การสูบออกไปกําจัด

TechnologyArea (rai)

Capacity(m3/d)

Pop. served(capita)

Construction cost (MB)*

O&M(Bath/m3)

Hybrid 1.2-1.5 50 250 1.640

Cluster Wastewater Treatment PlantCluster Wastewater Treatment Plant

Oxidation Pond (SP+WL)

1.83.58.1

100200500

5001,0002,500

3.3586.885

17.690

0.7 - 1.2

Trickling Filter 0.125 50 300 - 500 1.551 1.0

Contact 0.2 80 400 1.936 0.8 – 1.0

Aerated Filter0.2 80 400 1.936 0.8 1.0

Constructed Wetland

7 400 2,0002.794

(Yr 2007)0.5 – 1.0

Note: 1 rai = 1,600 m2

*Construction cost (including collection system) in year 2005

Cluster Treatment system

Challenge:

• Adequate operation and maintenance of LGOs

• Consistency of effluent to meet the standard

• Regular monitoring Control by PCD

• Fee collection

Domestic Wastewater Division

Water Quality Management Bureau

Pollution Control DepartmentPollution Control DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment

92 Soi Phahon Yothin 7

Phahon Yothin Rd.

Phayathai Bangkok 10400Phayathai Bangkok 10400

Tel. 662-298-2210 to 13

Fax. 662-298 2202, 2211