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Co-funded by the European Union
Semantic CMS Community
Content Management
From free text input to automatic entity enrichment
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LecturerOrganization
Date of presentation
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Copyright IKS Consortium
Introduction of Content Management
Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies
Storing and Accessing Semantic Data
Knowledge Interaction and Presentation
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Semantic Lifting
Designing Interactive Ubiquitous IS
Requirements Engineering for Semantic CMS
Designing Semantic CMS
Semantifying your CMS
Part I: Foundations
Part II: Semantic Content Management
Part III: Methodologies
(2) (1)
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What is this Lecture about?
Motivation What is content management? Why do we need content management?
Shortcomings What are shortcomings of existing CMS? What are approaches to overcome these shortcomings?
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Introduction of Content Management
Part I: Foundations
(1)
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„We are drowning in information and starved for knowledge.“
Content is highly available through the Internet and the raising importance of cloud approaches
Information are distributed over people and systems Data is available in various media and technical formats
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An efficient way for working with huge amounts of unstructured
content.NEEDED
(John Naisbitt)
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Who is using
Content Management
Systems?
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The most popular CMS ...
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http://en.wikipedia.org
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Content Management Systems
CMS are a single point of entry, providing consistency and the foundations for collaborative work with content
CMS provide functionalities to handle large amounts of content: Creation of new content Editing of existing content Organisation and management of content Presentation of content
Media-neutral data management (separation of layout and content)
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Web Content Management Systems (WCMS)
“A WCMS is a program that helps in maintaining, controlling, changing and reassembling the content on a web-page [...]. The user interacts with the system at the front through a normal web browser. From there he can edit, control parts of the layout and maintain and add to the web-pages without any programming or HTML skills.” - http://www.aiim.org/
WCMS are specific CMS, that focus on the management of digital data for web applications
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Multi-Media Content Management
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TV shows
Sports
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Enterprise Content Management (ECM)
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Content Management in the Tourism Domain
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State of Play in Content Management
Current solutions provide efficient ways to manage content
Domain-specific requirements, like “multichannel content distribution” are addressed
Content can be managed and presented in multi-media formats
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What is
missing?
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What am I searching for?
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Are you looking for a cat or a car?
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Shortcomings of “traditional” CMS
Content is only “understandable” by users and not by machines Irrelevant search results Aggregation of relevant content needs to be done
manually
Inferring Knowledge from Content Dependencies, relations and inconsistencies among
content items need to be identified and defined manually
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Requirements on CMS
Search Searching for keywords instead of formulating questions Manual identification and selection of relevant content Aggregation of content (possibly from different sources)
needs to be done by the user
Content- and context-aware creation and presentation of content Interaction with content on the user's level of knowledge
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How can we improve
Content Management
Systems to overcome these
shortcomings?
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Web evolution
Slide by Nova Spivack, Radar Networks
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
Web 3.0 Web 4.0
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The Semantic Web
The vision of the Semantic Web has been originally proposed by Tim Berners-Lee
“The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” [The Semantic Web, 2001]
Data can be processed manually by users and in an automated way
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What are we talking about?
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Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
?
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Data
“Data is defined as a symbol that represents a property of an object, an event or their environment. It is the product of observation but is of no use until its in a usable (that is, relevant) form. The difference between data an information is functional not structural.” [Ackoff1989]
Examples: “John Smith”
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Information
“Information is contained in descriptions, answers to questions that begin with such words as ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘how many’. Information systems generate, store, retrieve and process data. Information is inferred from data.” [Ackoff1989]
Examples: “John Smith is a name.”
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Knowledge
“Knowledge is know-how, and is what makes possible the transformation of information into instruction. Knowledge can be obtained either by transmission from another who has it, by instruction, or by extracting it from experience.” [Ackoff1989]
Example: “John Smith is a potential customer for your products.”
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Wisdom
“Wisdom is the ability to increase effectiveness. Wisdom adds value, which requires the mental function that we call judgement. The ethical and aesthetic values that this implies are inherent to the actor and are unique and personal.” [Ackoff1989]
Example: „It would be right/wrong to sell the
product to John Smith.“
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“Knowledge is knowing that a tomato is a fruit; wisdom is knowing not to put it in a
fruit salad.”
Brian O'Driscoll
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DIKW Hierarchy
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“Information is not knowledge,Knowledge is not wisdom,
Wisdom is not truth,Truth is not beauty,Beauty is not love,Love is not music,
and Music is the best.”
Frank Zappa, "Packard Goose"
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Context
Meaning
Insight
[Ackoff1989]
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Lessons Learned
Understand the need for an efficient content management solution
What are the different „types“ of CMS and what do they provide?
The shortcomings of existing content management solutions.
Distinction among the terms in the DIKW pyramide (data, information, knowledge, wisdom)
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Literature
Ackoff, Russell (1989). "From Data to Wisdom". Journal of Applied Systems Analysis
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