Co-product Feeds are “Taylor Made” Co-product Feeds are “Taylor Made” for Sheepfor Sheep

Jeff Held

SDSU Extension Sheep Specialist

Co-products for LivestockCo-products for Livestock

• Ethanol industry coproducts (dry-milling)– Distillers Grain w/solubles (DDGS, MDGS, WDGS)– CCDS (“syrup”)

• Corn sweetner industry co-products (wet-milling)– Corn Gluten Feed (CGF)

• Soyhulls (SH)• Beet Pulp• Wheat Middlings (“Midds”)

Why consider co-products for sheepWhy consider co-products for sheep Cost

Energy and crude protein (cents/lb) Forage substitution

Animal performance Growth and lactation

Co-product Concerns and ConditionsCo-product Concerns and Conditions

Handling and Storage

Unique Nutrient Profiles

Minerals -phosphorus, sulfur, copperLevel of fat

What are dried distillers grains with What are dried distillers grains with solubles?solubles?

• The dry-mill ethanol production process uses only the starch portion of the corn, which is about 70% of the kernel. All the remaining nutrients – protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins – are concentrated into distillers grain.

• A bushel of corn will produce at least 2.8 gallons of ethanol and 18 pounds of distillers grain.

Distillers Grain with Solubles (DDGS)

28 - 30% CP (35% DIP)

0.8 % phosphorus

0.4-0.8 % sulfur

8-10 % fat

Modified Distiller’s GrainsModified Distiller’s Grains

Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles (CCDS)

30-50 % dry matter

20-30 % crude protein

0.8 % phosphorus

0.7 % sulfur

10-20 % fat

**Added back to

distillers grain at 10 - 20%

Corn Gluten Feed

19-22% CP (80% DIP)

0.9 % phosphorus

0.4-1.0 % sulfur

2 % fat

Soyhulls

10-12 % Crude Protein

0.2 % phosphorus

0.2 % sulfur

2.0 % fat

Beet Pulp

7 % Crude Protein

0.1 % phosphorus

0.2 % sulfur

0.6 % fat

Wheat Middlings

18 % CP

1.05 % phosphorus

0.21 % sulfur

3.5 % fat

25 % starch

Item Corn DDGS CGF CCDS SH

DM 90 90 90 40 90

TDN % 88 90 80 90 77

CP % 9 30 20 25 12

Fat % 4 10 2 15 2

Ca % 0.02 0.28 0.10 0.14 0.55

P % 0.30 0.80 0.90 1.7 0.17

S % 0.12 0.40 0.33 0.60 0.20

Cu ppm 3 6 6 NA 14

Summary - Coproduct Nutrient Composition

**Expect significant plant to plant variation for CP and minerals

DDGS - VariabilityDDGS - Variability

From University of Minnesota DDGS website www.ddgs.umn.edu/nutrient%20profiles/album-us/index.htm

Common Characteristics of Co-productsCommon Characteristics of Co-products Energy and protein rich feeds

highly fermentable fiber carbohydrates (NDF, ADF) low starch content reduces acidosis risk

Limitations on livestock diet formulationmineral profile fat content

Practical storage, handling and local availability will determine feasibility for incorporation into a feeding system.

Sheep producers should consider dry stored coproducts that are economically valued.

These coproducts are valued as energy feeds versus corn.

DDGS – practical and cost effective

185 ethanol plants

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Renewable Fuels Association, 2009

35 mil tons DDGS

Where does DDGS fit into Where does DDGS fit into Sheep Diets?????Sheep Diets?????

DDGS Research-Lactating DDGS Research-Lactating EwesEwes

• Protein- suckling lamb growth response similar for DDGS and SBM supplemented diets (Univ. of Kentucky)

• Energy- DDGS substituted for corn at 2 lb per head, 25 % of diet DM resulted in a slight positive performance response in triplet reared lambs. (Iowa State Univ.)

• Recommended maximum inclusion: – 2 lb/hd/d or 25% of dietary DM

South Dakota State UniversitySouth Dakota State UniversityDDGS Research-Lactation DietsDDGS Research-Lactation Diets

• SDSU Lactation Trial – DDGS and soyhulls replacing hay to

increase energy density during lactation

Results: Higher milk production Higher lamb gain Excellent health status

DDGS Research-Lamb Mixed DietsDDGS Research-Lamb Mixed Diets

• Few studies with lambs fed DDGS in US– SDSU conducted 1st feeding trial in 2004– Response to producer inquiry

• Restrictions include meal form of product and mineral considerations – phosphorus

• Designed simple mixed diet formulation guidelines for on-site application

» SDSU Extension publication EXEX 2053

Mixed Ration using DDGS

Whole Corn

MDGS

Liquid Supplement

South Dakota State UniversitySouth Dakota State University

DDGS Research-Lamb DietsDDGS Research-Lamb Diets

• SDSU Lamb Finishing Trials* – DDGS substitution for SBM – DDGS and corn or soyhulls

Mixed ingredient diets Completely pelleted

*ad-lib feeding management

Use of Dried Distillers Grains with Use of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles in Lamb DietsSolubles in Lamb Diets

SDSU Sheep Research and Extension

Using Dried Distillers Grains as a Using Dried Distillers Grains as a Protein and Energy Source in Market Protein and Energy Source in Market

Lamb DietsLamb Diets

T. Hulls, A. Bartosh, R. Zelinsky, J. A. Daniel and A. Wertz-Lutz

Experimental Diets

Corn-SBM Corn-DDGS

Ingredient % (DMB)

Soybean hulls 10.0 10.0

DDGS ---- 22.9

Soybean meal 10.2 ----

Corn 75.3 62.3

Dried Molasses 2.4 2.4

Limestone 1.5 1.7

TM salt 0.1 0.1

Ammonium chloride 0.5 0.5

Diets were formulated to be 14.5 % crude protein and isocaloric

Growth Performance

Corn-SBM Corn-DDGS SE P <

Pens per treatment 5 5 - -

Lambs per pen 4 4 - -

Lambs per treatment 20 20 - -

Initial wt., lbs. 95.5 95.5 0.54 0.97

Final wt., lbs 136.5 136.2 0.77 0.88

ADG, lbs/d 0.64 0.64 0.01 0.80

Average DM intake, lb/d

3.6 3.5 0.02 0.90

Feed : Gain 5.6 5.5 0.04 0.26

Carcass Merit

Corn-SBM Corn-DDGS SE P <

Lambs per treatment 20 20 - -

Hot carcass wt, lb. 73.3 73.3 0.40 0.96

Back fat, in. 0.20 0.23 0.01 0.12

Body wall thickness, in. 0.96 0.97 0.03 0.86

Ribeye area, in.2 3.0 2.8 0.06 0.15

Dressing % 54 54 0.39 0.76

Boneless closely-trimmed retail cuts, %

46.7 46.2 0.18 0.07

Yield grade 2.4 2.4 0.14 0.80

Conclusions –Huls., et. al.Conclusions –Huls., et. al.

• DDGS can be used as a protein and energy source in lamb finishing diets

Excellent lamb growth performance and

carcass meritExcellent health status

• However to be most cost effective should evaluate DDGS in a mixed ingredient diet

The effect of corn or soybean The effect of corn or soybean hull diets supplemented with hull diets supplemented with

DDGS in mixed diets on finishing DDGS in mixed diets on finishing lamb performance and carcass lamb performance and carcass

meritmerit

R. Zelinsky, J. A. Daniel, and J.E. Held

Experimental DesignExperimental Design

• 80 white-faced and brockle-faced wethers and ewe lambs

• Conducted December 23, 2004 at 92 days of age (range 79 to 105) and fed for 64 days after a 7-d adaptation period

• Eight feeding pens with 10 lambs per pen

• Feed disappearance was recorded to calculate intake and feed to gain ratio. Average daily gain was determined in 3 wk intervals.

• Lambs were slaughtered and carcass data collected at a commercial packing plant. (Iowa Lamb Corp)

Experimental DietsExperimental Diets• Diets were formulated to contain 14 % crude protein

Corn diet Soy hull diet

DDGS 17% 17%

Cracked Corn 76% ----

Pelleted soybean hulls ---- 76%

Limestone 2% 2%

Liquid molasses 2% 2%

White salt 1% 1%

Commercial micro mineral and vitamin mix

0.25% 0.25%

Deccox 0.1% 0.1%

Ammonium chloride 0.5% 0.5%

Growth and Performance DataGrowth and Performance Data

Corn diet Soy hull diet P-value

Initial weight (lbs) 78.7 ± 1.5 78.1 ± 1.6 0.7098

Final weight (lbs) 127.6 ± 2.0 128.6 ± 2.0 0.6489

Average daily gain (lbs/day)

0.77 ± 0.02 0.79 ± 0.02 0.3412

Feed intake (lbs/head/day)

4.08 ± 0.2 4.86 ± 0.26 0.0276

Feed to gain ratio 5.13 ± 0.30 5.62 ± 0.21 0.0957

Fines (lbs/head) 0.42 ± 0.02 0.25 ± 0.03 0.0056

Corn Based (L) Soyhull Based Diets (R)Corn Based (L) Soyhull Based Diets (R)

Carcass DataCarcass Data

Corn diet Soy hull diet P-value

Back Fat 0.28 ± 0.01 0.26 ± 0.01 P = 0.2346

Bodywall thickness 1.08 ± 0.03 1.08 ± 0.03 P = 0.9097

Ribeye area 2.76 ± 0.05 2.74 ± 0.08 P = 0.5997

Hot carcass weight 69.0 ± 1.2 68.7 ± 1.2 P = 0.9203

USDA yield grade 3.2 ± 0.1 3.0 ± 0.1 P = 0.5028

USDA quality grade Choice Choice P = 0.9355

Conclusions - Zelinsky, et.al.Conclusions - Zelinsky, et.al.

• DDGS was shown to be an excellent choice in mixed lamb finishing diet formulation.

ADG at 0.78 lb/d met or exceeded expectations for growth performance.

• Residual feed (waste) for the soybean hull diet was approximately 40% of the corn diet.

• Soybean hulls fed to lambs consistently have higher intake compared to grain based diets.

DDGS Considerations - Lamb FeedingDDGS Considerations - Lamb Feeding

Residual feed waste in mixed ingredient diets

- Adds more labor and feed cost- Diet sorting alters animal nutrient consumption

Diet formulation must account for high levels of:

Phosphorus - protect against urinary calculi - maintain Ca:P at 2:1 (P < 0.4%)- add ammonium chloride at 0.5% of

dietary DM

Sulfur – total dietary levels >0.3% risk for (PEM)- add 10 mg thiamine per lb of dietary DM

DDGS Recommendations-DDGS Recommendations-Lamb FeedingLamb Feeding

• Up to 20% of dietary DM is practical – 16 % CP growing or finishing mixed diet.

• Mixed diet with DDGS is ideal for bunk fed lambs, can use in ad lib feeding system.

• Must have high management skills

• DDGS and pelleted soyhulls compliment – Ca:P ratio and lower residual feed versus

corn/DDGS

DDGS SummaryDDGS Summary

Lamb Feeding Lamb Feeding

• DDGS use in lamb finishing diets promotes excellent lamb growth performance, carcass merits and health status.

• DDGS and soyhulls can serve as the sole energy, protein and fiber sources in lamb finishing diets.

For more details on SDSU Sheep For more details on SDSU Sheep DDGS ResearchDDGS Research

Principal Investigators:

Zelinsky, R.D., Wertz-Lutz, A.E. and J.E. Held

SDSU Animal and Range Sciences

http://ars.sdstate.edu/sheepext/publications.htm

EX EX 2052 and 2053