CO2 Foam EOR Field Pilots for Efficient and More Sustainable Petroleum Production
Prof. Arne Graue Dept. of Physics and Technology University of Bergen, NORWAY
IOR NORWAY 2016: University of Stavanger, April 26-27th, 2016
Energy Poverty is Widespread
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Sub-‐Saharan Africa China
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1.3 billion people in the world live without electricity & 2.7 billion live without clean cooking facilities
Million people without electricity
Million people without clean cooking facili4es
The Global Need for Energy Continues to Rise Growth in primary energy demand in the IEA’s New Policies Scenario
Source: International Energy Agency
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Research for More Sustainable Oil and Gas Production
Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage
(CCUS) Utilization of CO2:
- Business Case for CO2 Sequestration - CO2 EOR - Integrated EOR (IEOR) with foam as mobility control - Exploitation of Hydrate Energy - Technology implementations require field tests
uib.no
Advantages with CO2 for EOR
Low MMP
Oil viscocity
Swelling CO2 storage
Department of Physics and Technology
uib.no
Challenges with CO2 for EOR
Corrosion Availability
Low viscosity Recycling
Department of Physics and Technology
uib.no
Department of Physics and Technology CO2-foam • Mitigates gravity override
• Improves sweep efficiency
CO2 CO2-‐Foam
Next Generation CO2 Flooding - Main challenges in CO2 EOR:
- Early CO2 breakthrough and poor sweep efficiency - Up-scaling laboratory EOR to field performance
- US White Paper: - Mobility control in CO2 EOR, USDOE/Advanced Resource International Inc. - Target: 137 Billion bbl
- US import of foreign oil may be reduced by 30%
- “Next generation CO2 EOR technology" based on mobility control
- 68 billion barrels of oil: 1,35 billion bbl of oil every year for 50 years - Similar results in the North Sea; pilot in the Snorre Field - Economic at oil price of US$ 85 and CO2 price of US$ 40/ton
- Need more CO2
- Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) a win-win situation
uib.no
Agenda and Research Approach Department of Physics and Technology
Present study part of an ongoing multi-scale approach for mobility control in heterogeneous and fractured reservoirs during CO2 EOR
uib.no
PET/CT @ Haukeland University Hospital Dept. of Physics and Technology
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EOR Enables CCUS: Integrated EOR (IEOR) for CO2 Sequestration
Collaboration: 11 Universities in France, The Netherlands, UK, USA and Norway
Coordinator: Arne Graue, Dept. of Physics, University of Bergen, NORWAY
Funding: The Research Council of Norway (NRC/CLIMIT) and oil companies; US$ 1,7mill
MRI of CO2 injection
Complementary NTI & MRI facilities
Lab to pilot field test
CO2 Foam for Mobility Control for EOR in Fractured Reservoirs in Texas
Project advantages:
- CO2 is commercially available - Foam as mobility control - Researchers from 11 reputational universities - Up-scaling; major challenge in oil recovery - Fraction of costs of off-shore field tests - Fast results: short inter-well distances - 30 years experience in Texas on CO2 EOR - 4D seismic establishes a field laboratory
CO2 Foam for Mobility Control for EOR in Fractured Reservoirs in Texas
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CO2 Storage in Hydrate Reservoirs with Associated Spontaneous Natural Gas Production
In-Situ imaging (MRI) of hydrate formation
Methane production by CO2 injection in field test
in Alaska 2012
Objectives: Experimentally and theorethically determine spontaneous methane production when hydrate is exposed to CO2; with the purpose of CO2 sequestration.
Methane hydrate reservoirs
Arne Graue and Bjørn Kvamme, Dept. of Physics, University of Bergen, NORWAY Funding: ConocoPhillips, Statoil and The Research Council of Norway
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• The amount of energy bound in hydrates may be more than twice the world’s total energy resources in conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs; i.e. oil-, gas- and coal reserves
• Simultaneous CO2 Sequestration
• Win-win situation for gas production
• Need no hydrate melting or heat stimulation
• No associated water production
• Formation integrity
CO2 Exchange: Project Motivation
Iġnik Sikumi #1 Flowback/Drawdown: Gas composition
Gas Production from the Field Test
CCUS:
Huge Opportunity for the Petroleum Industry
- Financially
- Social license to operate - Improves environmental footprint
- Mitigates global warming - Releases vast additional energy resources - Attracts new generation energy engineers
Thank you!
Acknowledgement We are indebted to the NRC/CLIMIT program for funding.
We appreciate collaboration with the following university partners: - Stanford U. - Rice University - University of Texas at Austin - Texas A&M U. - MSU - Imperial College, London - TREFLE, Bordeaux, France - TU Delft, The Netherlands - NTNU , Trondheim, Norway - Natonal IOR Center of Norway - University of Bergen, Norway
Why CO2 for EOR? Advantages Challenges � Is soluble in oil, causing the oil to swell and reduces its viscosity
� Develops miscibility at pressures lower than hydrocarbon gasses � Can extract components up to C30 from the reservoir oil
� Poten4al for CO2 storage
� Low macroscopic displacement efficiency � Mobility ra4o � CO2 traveling through high permeable zones
� Opera4onal costs � Supplying enough CO2 to the fields at an acceptable cost
� CO2 and brine might cause weakening of the chalk and corrosion of wells and equipment
CO2 in fractured reservoirs � Matrix/fracture neSwork � Molecular diffusion
� Mass transfer and mixing due to random mo4on
� Driving force: � Concentra4on gradient � Diffusivity of each component
� Concentra4on is a func4on of � Time � Distance
� Goal to achieve equilibrium between the injected CO2 and the reservoir oil
High permeability
Low permeability