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CO2 free hydrogen CO2 free hydrogen chainchainfrom brown coal linked with CCSfrom brown coal linked with CCS
20122012 CCTCCT WorkshopWorkshop
66stst ＪｕｎｅＪｕｎｅ, 201, 201２２Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Why hydrogen energy supply chain?Why hydrogen energy supply chain?
BackgroundBackgroundNeed for CO2 free energy in the worldNeed for CO2 free energy in the world
①① Nuclear energyNuclear energy②② Renewable energyRenewable energy③③ Hydrogen energy from fossil fuelsHydrogen energy from fossil fuels
2
in combination with CCS
Industrial useSemiconductor and solar cell production,
oil refining and desulfurization, etc.
Power plantsCombined cycle power plants, etc.
Distributed generationHydrogen gas engines & gas turbines,
fuel cells, etc.
Transportation equipmentHydrogen station,
Fuel cell vehicles, etc.
Consumer countries Consumer countries AustraliaAustraliaThe energy chain The energy chain from resourcefrom resource--producing countries producing countries to consumer countries to consumer countries
Hydrogen ProductionHydrogen Production Hydrogen Transport and StorageHydrogen Transport and Storage Hydrogen UseHydrogen Use
Low-cost hydrogen productionfrom unused resources (brown coal)
Gasification
Hydrogenpurification
Liquefiedhydrogen carriers
Liquefiedhydrogen lorries
Brown coal Liquid hydrogenstorage tanks
Direct ApplicationsDirect Applications Improvement & DevelopmentImprovement & DevelopmentKawasaki TechnologiesKawasaki Technologies
FertilizerFertilizer plantplantLiquid hydrogen tankLiquid hydrogen tank(Rocket launch system)(Rocket launch system)
LNGLNG basebase
LNGLNG carriercarrierHydrogen Hydrogen llorryorry & & containercontainer
Gas engineGas engineGas turbineGas turbine
LNGLNGpowerpowerplantplantGasifierGasifier
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COCO22 free hydrogen free hydrogen chainchain
KHIKHI’’ss technical experiencetechnical experience
JAXA
4
HH22
◆Gasifier
COCO22
Ash
CO2, H2
H2O
Synthetic-Gas
Hydrogen production from brown coalHydrogen production from brown coal
◆CO2 Capture
◆Shift Reactor
◆Storage
Brown coalBrown coal
O2
CO, H 2◆Drying◆Milling
Coal Pre-treatment
Note: Syngas processing for H2 production is conducted using well established commercially proven processes.
Advantages of hydrogen energy Advantages of hydrogen energy supply chainsupply chain
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1.1. Low CO2 emissionLow CO2 emissionLow CO2 emission energy is like renewable energy
2.2. Enabling massive and stable utilizationEnabling massive and stable utilizationEnabling massive and stable utilization whenever and wherever customer like (Renewable energy is relatively small scale and not stable supply)
3.3. Lower costLower costLower cost energy than renewable energy
Dis
cuss
ion
afte
r D
iscu
ssio
n af
ter ““
Fuku
shim
aFu
kush
ima ””
MediumMedium--termterm::•• Substitute cokes for steel makingSubstitute cokes for steel making•• Oil refining and Oil refining and desulfurizationdesulfurization•• Power plantPower plant
LongLong--termterm ::•• Fuel Cell CoFuel Cell Co--generationgeneration•• Fuel Cell VehicleFuel Cell Vehicle•• (Power plant)(Power plant)
PresentPresent ::•• Use in Industrial processes such asUse in Industrial processes such as
semiconductor and solar cell semiconductor and solar cell pproductionroduction
Hydrogen use in JapanHydrogen use in Japan
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NuclearNuclear
CoalCoal
LNGLNG
OilOil
9%9%
26%26%
25%25%
28%28%
13%13%
19%19%
52%52%
11%11%
13%13%
PresentPresent 20302030
Zero
Em
issi
onZe
ro E
mis
sion
Hydrogen derived from brown coal① Low cost compared with renewable energies② Massive and stable supply③ Storage possible
Hydrogen derived from brown coalHydrogen derived from brown coal①① Low cost compared with renewable energiesLow cost compared with renewable energies②② Massive and stable supplyMassive and stable supply③③ Storage possibleStorage possible
RenewableRenewabless
LNGLNG
Zero
Em
issi
onZe
ro E
mis
sionRenewableRenewabless
NuclearNuclear
CoalCoal
Current energy basic policy in JapanCurrent energy basic policy in Japan
Amendment Amendment discussiondiscussionof nuclear policyof nuclear policyNeeds for Needs for zero emission energyzero emission energyexcept nuclearexcept nuclear
Hydrogen use in JapanHydrogen use in Japan
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Prim
ary
ener
gy s
uppl
y to
Jap
an (M
TOE)
Hydrogen demand potential in JapanHydrogen demand potential in Japan
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Calculation result based on; • JPY 35/Nm3-H2( CIF Japan)• 15% and 80% CO2 reduction by 2020 and2050 respectively• Minimum energy cost Japan has to bear
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
エネ
ルギ
ー供
給量
(Mto
e)
20202005 2035 20500
100
200
300
400
500
600
Hydrogen
Nuclear
LNG
Oil
Coal
HydroWind
Biomass
HH22 utilizationutilizationGas turbineGas turbine
HH22 transport transport HH22 storagestorage
HH22 lliquefactioniquefaction
HH22 production production fromfrombbrownrown ccoaloal
Feasibility Study Feasibility Study (FS)(FS)and design of and design of hydrogen chainhydrogen chain
''3030''2525''1818 ~ ~ ''2424''1717''1616''1515''1414''1313''1212''1111''1010YearYear
Demo. plantDemo. plant770770tt--H/dayH/day
Pilot Chain
Pilot Chain O
perationO
perationStartStart
Demo. plantDemo. plant770770tt--H/dayH/day
Demo. carrierDemo. carrier11000t11000t--HH
Demo. baseDemo. base
Demo. power plantDemo. power plant650MW650MW
Dem
onstration Operation
Dem
onstration Operation
StartStart
Dissem
inate Com
mercial C
hainD
isseminate C
omm
ercial Chain
Schedule of developmentSchedule of development
R&D in KHIR&D in KHI
Establish of Technology ,Funding and CEstablish of Technology ,Funding and C
onsortiumonsortium
Pilot plantPilot plant10t10t--H/dayH/day
Pilot carrierPilot carrier
Pilot plantPilot plant10t10t--H/dayH/day
Pilot basePilot base
FS for commercial chainFS for commercial chain
Construction Construction
Pilot power plantPilot power plant
Basic design of Pilot Basic design of Pilot ChainChain
Conceptual design for Pilot chainConceptual design for Pilot chain
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R&D in KHIR&D in KHI
R&D in KHIR&D in KHI
R&D in KHIR&D in KHI
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Feasibility Study (FS) for Feasibility Study (FS) for CCommercial chain ommercial chain
（（JapanJapan--AustraliaAustralia JointJoint StudyStudy））
Victoria State Dept. of Primary Industry
Australian Gov.
Australian Partner
NEDO
KHI
Japanese Gov.
MOU
Execution scheme of FSExecution scheme of FS
Connection to Carbon net
Hydrogen carrier
Carbon net
Overview of commercial chainOverview of commercial chain
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Hydrogen gas pipeline
Oxygen blowngasification & gas
purification plant in Latrobe Valley
Loading & Export Baseat a port in Gippsland
To Japan
Hydrogen Production Capacity: 770 t/day
Result of FS for C.CResult of FS for C.C
Brown coal Gasification plantBrown coal Gasification plant
Hydrogen refining plantHydrogen refining plant
HydrogenHydrogen ::CO2CO2 ::
Hydrogen production plantHydrogen production plant
770 t / day770 t / day13,300 t / day13,300 t / day
246,000 t / year246,000 t / year4,390,000 t / year4,390,000 t / year
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Result of FS for C.CResult of FS for C.C
Hydrogen carrier Hydrogen carrier （（2 ships2 ships））Transported hydrogenTransported hydrogen：： 238,500t / year 238,500t / year (@loading base)(@loading base)
Hydrogen liquefaction Hydrogen liquefaction facilityfacility：： Capacity 770 t/dayCapacity 770 t/day
Hydrogen storage facilityHydrogen storage facility：：50,000m50,000m33 x 5 tanksx 5 tanks
Hydrogen liquefaction facility
Hydrogen liquefaction facility
Hydrogen storage facility
Hydrogen storage facility
Hydrogen export base and carrierHydrogen export base and carrier
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Result of FS for C.CResult of FS for C.C
HydrogenHydrogenproductionproduction
HydrogenHydrogenliquefactionliquefaction
Loading baseLoading base
Brown coal Brown coal
Hydrogen carrierHydrogen carrier
ccsccs
9%9%11%11%
33%33%
10%10%8%8%
29%29%
Arrival baseArrival base：： 225,400t / year225,400t / year
Hydrogen production costHydrogen production cost
FCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle): 3 millionFCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle): 3 million
Hydrogen power plant : 650 MWHydrogen power plant : 650 MW
Hydrogen pipelineHydrogen pipeline 1%1%
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CIFCIF costcost29.8 yen/Nm29.8 yen/Nm33
Result of FS for C.CResult of FS for C.C
NuclearNuclear LNGLNG CoalCoal OilOil HydrogenHydrogen WindWind SolarSolar
Comparison of expected cost in 2030Comparison of expected cost in 2030
Hydrogen utilization Hydrogen utilization in power generation (in Japan) in power generation (in Japan)
Availability (%)Availability (%) 8080 6060 8080 6060 6060 2020 1212
Life time (year)Life time (year) 4040 2020
Generating efficiency(%)Generating efficiency(%) 5555 4545 3838 6060
Fuel price (CIF)Fuel price (CIF) 19$/MBTU19$/MBTU 171$/t171$/t 145$/bl145$/bl 3030¥¥/Nm3/Nm3
Pow
er g
ener
atio
n Po
wer
gen
erat
ion
rela
tive
valu
e re
lativ
e va
lue
More expensive than fossil fuels, but More expensive than fossil fuels, but cheaper, more stable cheaper, more stable and massively available than renewable energyand massively available than renewable energy among COamong CO2 2 free energyfree energy
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Result of FS for C.CResult of FS for C.C
75
100
125
150
50
Gasoline price [yen/L]
Gasoline car = FCV
Hybrid car = FCV
130 140 150 160 170120110
Result cost
Hydrogen utilization in FCV (in Japan)Hydrogen utilization in FCV (in Japan)
Hyd
roge
n pr
ice
@
H2
Filli
ng s
tatio
n [y
en/N
m3]
Already economically feasible even with current gasolineAlready economically feasible even with current gasoline pricepriceMore advantages expected considering rising of gasoline price More advantages expected considering rising of gasoline price in the futurein the future
Hydrogen station cost = Hydrogen CIF [30 yen]＋Distribution cost [30 yen] = 60 yen/Nm3
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Result of FS for C.CResult of FS for C.C
Generation of employment for hydrogen production and export industryEffective and valuable utilization of brown coalExport of clean energy(hydrogen)Contract for CO2 disposal, underpinning infrastructure development
Generation of employmentGeneration of employment for for hydrogen production and hydrogen production and export industryexport industryEffective and valuable Effective and valuable utilization of brown coalutilization of brown coalExport of clean energyExport of clean energy(hydrogen)(hydrogen)Contract for CO2 disposal, underpinning infrastructure development
AustraliaAustralia JAPANJAPAN
Advantages of collaborationAdvantages of collaboration
Security of massive and stable energy with low associated CO2 emission (Energy security)Achievement of vast reduction of CO2 in Japan (Environment)Low cost energy with low associated CO2 emission (Economic efficiency)
Security of massive and stable Security of massive and stable energy with low associated CO2 energy with low associated CO2 emission emission (Energy security)(Energy security)Achievement of vast reduction of Achievement of vast reduction of CO2 in Japan CO2 in Japan (Environment)(Environment)Low cost energy with low Low cost energy with low associated CO2 emission associated CO2 emission (Economic efficiency)(Economic efficiency)
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CO2 free hydrogenCO2 free hydrogenfrom brown coal from brown coal linked with CCS linked with CCS
is is Extreme clean energy. Extreme clean energy.
