CHEMISTRY PROJECT
Candidate: Iman Ali
Class: 11G4
Teacher: Ms. Sunu Sara
Date of Submission:
Topic: Balanced Portfolio - Reducing CO2 emissions from power
generation by balancing the technology mix with more
renewable and CO2 free technologies
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Iman Ali (11 G4)
About CO2
arbon dioxide (or CO2) is a gas that is very important for the survival of our planet. Plant growth is
dependent on carbon dioxide as they use it to get energy. Plants perform a chemical reaction
known as photosynthesis which requires carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis:
6 CO2+ 6 H2O → C6H12O6+ 6 O2
Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen
However, CO2 isn't always that great. It is responsible for the global warming. Fossil fuels are burnt to produce energy, which emits CO2. This increases the composition of CO2 in air, causing gaps in our ozone layer1. When holes appear in this layer, harmful rays enter the earth's atmosphere and raise the temperature of the planet. This is known as greenhouse effect. Thus, the climate change has become
the main concern too.
Moreover, it can be toxic and very harmful to humans. For an
instance, if carbon dioxide levels reach higher than 5% in a room, this
is usually enough to kill a human being.
Carbon dioxide is not a pollutant, but does leads to global warming as
explained earlier.
C
Fig. 1 Power generation accounts for about one-quarter of total emissions of carbon dioxide, the main reason for global warming.
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APPLICATIONS OF CO2
CO2 emitted can be used to make carbonic acid (H2CO3).
CO2 can be used to complete the limestone cycle by bubbling it through lime water to prepare
limestone, which has greater purposes.
Liquid CO2 under pressure can be and used for fire extinguishers.
Industrial Applications CO2 gas is involved in the production of refrigeration systems, welding systems, water treatment
processes (to stabilize the pH of water, and keep food cool (as dry ice);
It is also used in the metals industry to enhance the hardness of casting molds and as a soldering agent.
CO2 is found in various fire extinguishers and prevents oxygen from further fueling a fire. Carbon
dioxide-based fire extinguishers effectively manage electrical fires and those caused by solvents, fuels
and oils.
CO2 is also used in the production of plastics and polymers.
Electronic Applications Carbon dioxide gas is used in the electronics industry for circuit board assembly, to clean surfaces and in
the manufacture of semiconductor devices.
Reducing CO2 herefore, achieving reduced CO2 emissions--while maintaining a stable energy supply--is a social
challenge requiring a worldwide solution.
1) The most effective way to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is to reduce fossil fuel
consumption.
2) Putting a halt to deforestation is another way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Like humans
inhale oxygen to live, trees consume carbon dioxide. Yet millions of acres of trees are cut down
every year to make use of tresses and land vacated.
If this trend were reversed, and replanting projects were undertaken, it would help because the
trees would soak up some of the emitted carbon dioxide.
T
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CO2 free technologies - Renewable Resources
a) Solar Energy:
Solar energy is the energy obtained from sunlight in the form of thermal and light energy.
Solar energy is used for heating water for domestic use, space heating of buildings, dry ing agricultural
products and generating electrical energy.
Object used: Solar Panels
Process: rays fall on large solar panels that absorb the ray's energy to heat water,
generate electricity, etc.
Object used: Large arrays of solar cells (photocells)
Process: energy from ray's is absorbed and electricity is produced.
b) Hydro Power
Hydro power is energy obtained from moving water. This relies of Sun's heat. Sun's heat evaporates
some of the water, having potential energy. As it rains, the energy is transferred to kinetic energy, and
the water is stored behind the dams. This water, having potential energy now, is kept on a height to be
dropped at the turbines. This turns the P.E to K.E when water is released which turns the turbines while
transferring the energy to electrical energy.
c) Wind & Tidal (wave) Power:
When the sun heats the atmosphere, the heated air expands and stats to move. This causes wind.
Wind turbines use blades to collect the wind’s kinetic energy. Wind flows over the blades creating lift
which causes the blades to turn. The blades are connected to a drive shaft that turns an electric
generator, which produces electricity.
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Iman Ali (11 G4)
d) Geothermal Energy
Due to the presence of some radioactive substances, the internal earth is
hot. Water is pumped down into the rock where it boils. High pressure
steam returns to the surface and can be used to generate electricity.
e) Biomass
Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals. Biomass contains stored energy from
the sun. Biomass is a renewable energy source. Some examples of biomass fuels are wood, crops, animal
manure, and human sewage.
Wood and waste materials (made from wood and garbage) are
burned to produce steam for making electricity or heat for
industries.
Main Power Generation Product and Technology Development Projects CO2 emission reduction Renewable energy power generation systems
Battery technologies CCS
By hitachi
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Iman Ali (11 G4)
BIBLOGRAPHY:
http://science.blurtit.com/2343013/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-
of-carbon-dioxide
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071114163448.htm
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html
http://www.ehow.com/list_6364016_uses-carbon-dioxide-gas.html
http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=renewable_home-basics
