Coal Mining

Coal Mining Timeline1673-1674

• First record of coal in the U.S shows up on a map of the Illinois River prepared by Louis Joliet and Father Jaques Marquette . Coal deposits were labeled “charbon de terra”

1701• Coal was found by Huguenot settlers on the James River in what is

now Richmond, Virginia

1736• A number of “coal mines” were shown on the map of the Potomac

River which is currently the border of Maryland and West Virginia

1748

• First commercial coal production began from mines around Richmond, Virginia. Used to make shot, shell, and other material for the Revolutionary War.

Late 1700s

• Coal was being mined on “Coal Hill” which is now Mount Washington in Pittsburgh, PA

Information taken from http://www.netl.doe.gov/KeyIssues/historyofcoaluse.html

Early 1800s

• Numerous ways to use coal such as heat homes and heat salt brines to provide a source of salt in southwestern PA

• Baltimore, MD began to light its streets with combustible gas made from coal

1830s

• Coal used to make glass in Fayette County, PA• America’s coal industry had begun to take shape when virtually every American

locomotive that once burned wood switched to coal• In 1839, steam shovel was invented to transform to mechanized surface mining

1848• First coal miner’s union was formed in Schuykill County, PA

1870s

• In 1875, coke (a product of heating coal) replaced wood charcoal as the chief fuel of iron blast furnaces

• During 1870s, coal production increased by 300%

1900s

• Coal had become a major fuel used by electricity utilities to generate electricity. • U.S. coal production nearly doubled from 520 million tons in 1970 to one billion tons for

the first time in 1990 and to nearly 1.1 billion tons currently

Information taken from http://www.netl.doe.gov/KeyIssues/historyofcoaluse.html

What does this have to do with you?

We happen to live very close to an anthracite coal mine located in Scranton, PA

We will be researching our local history of coal mining

We will be presenting our information to our class

Surprise!!We will be visiting the coal mine

located in Scranton, PennsylvaniaThe old Slope #190We will explore 300 feet beneath the

earth through an anthracite coal mine that originally opened in 1860

Images from http://www.undergroundminers.com/slope190.html

The DetailsWe will be analyzing and

discussing primary sources related to coal mining. Remember, a primary source is an artifact, a document, a recording, or other source of information that was created at the time.

In a small group, you will gather, analyze, and then present primary sources that you can find about coal mining.

Find OutRemember that you want to find

out the who, what, when, where, how, and why of the primary source.

Image taken from http://www.beliefnet.com/Health/Healthy-Living/Are-You-Technostressed.aspx?p=3

KWLWhat do you know about coal mining?

What do you want to know about coal mining?

As we continue through this journey of history, please remember to fill in what you have learned about coal mining. We will stop periodically to do this. We will review our KWL charts a the end of our journey. What will you learn?

Let’s Get Started!

Analyze this map using the SEA method.Map image taken from http://activerain.com/blogsview/549312/d-h-canal-show-stone-ridge-new-york

Delaware & Hudson Delaware & Hudson Canal Company

developed the anthracite resources of the area and shipped, via its Gravity Railroad from Carbondale to Honesdale and its canal from Honesdale to the Hudson River, vast quantities of anthracite coal to the New York market, throughout the Northeast, and (via the Erie Canal) the Midwest.

Taken from http://www.carbondalehistorical.org/Home_Page.html

Delaware & Hudson Canal The creation of the D&H Canal officially began on

July 13th 1825. After three long years of construction by a team of over 2,500 men, the canal was opened for use in October 1828. The Canal began in High Falls, New York on the Rondout Creek at an area later referred to as Creeklocks, located between Kingston and Rosendale. From High Falls, the canal proceeded southwesterly along the Rondout Creek to Ellenville New York, continuing through the valley of the Sandburg Creek (about one mile south of Napanoch), Homowack Kill, Basher Kill and Neversink River to Port Jervis on the Delaware River. From the Deleware River the Canal moved there the Canal Moved northwest on the New York side of the Delaware River. Due to a flaw in Roebling's design, the aqueduct's wooden portion of the aqueduct's suspension cables burned in 1917. The remaining metal was taken for scrap shortly after. Taken from http://activerain.com/blogsview/549312/d-h-canal-show-stone-ridge-new-york

Analyze this photo using the Nara Worksheet

Image taken from http://www.mcmahanphoto.com/lc1599--1st-locomotive-train-stourbridge-lion-1829-photo.html

Stourbridge LionWhen the Stourbridge Lion arrived in

Honesdale in July 1829, about three miles of wooden track had been laid which crossed the Lackawaxen River on a trestle bridge some thirty feet in height. The rails were of wooden construction, the running surface of which was faced with wrought iron strips secured to the rails with stout wood screws. Visit this website for more information http://www.waynehistorypa.org/htopics/stourbridge.php. You could use this as part of your research.

D & H Company 1829 - D&Hs first locomotive the Stourbridge Lion is

first locomotive to run on rails in the U.S. 1829 - On October 9, 1829, the official launching of the

First American Railroad system in the U.S., the D&H railroad out of Carbondale, PA. The first coal cars rolled out of Carbondale up and over the high Moosic mountains (1000 ft. ascent) and then down through Waymart and finally to Honesdale. Carbondale was the main corporate and maintenance office center for the D&H. 1843 - Westward extension to new mines in Archbald. Then to Valley Junction 1858, Providence 1860, Scranton 1863.

1898 – D&H Canal carries its last load of coal.Visit http://www.r2parks.net/D&H.html to find out more.

You could use this as part of your research.

Coal MiningVideo 1Video 2Let’s view these video clipsYou will be use a Venn diagram to

compare and contrast the two videos. Then, we will discuss.

Listen Up!First we will read the lyrics to

Come All Ye Coal Miners written by Sara Ogan Gunner

Second, we will try to hum the music notes

Third, we will view a slideshow and hear the song

What was life like for coal miners?You could do this for your

presentation. You would also have to create a song.

ReviewThe coal mining industry has affected our

entire country as well as our surrounding local communities.

How many of you know someone who worked in the coal mines? Interview them.

How did coal mining change our country?Remember, “coal miners” were likely

farmers who dug coal from exposed coal beds and sold it by the bushel in the American Colonies.

Image taken from http://www.neversmokeagain.com/review_s.html

Now What?We have analyzed and discussed a map, a photo,

video clips, lyrics, sheet music, and a song pertaining to coal mining.

There is so much more out there!Find at least one primary source in 5 out of the 8

following categories: documents, data, cartoons, photos, posters, audio and music, video, and maps on a topic of your choice pertaining to coal mining. (Instructor will approve)

Analyze these sources using the SEA method or Nara worksheet. Do not forget that a Venn diagram is a great way to show differences and similarities.

Create a research paper of your findings and what they mean. You will also present these findings to your classmates.

KWLLet’s discuss . . . What did you

learn?

RubricLocal History Project: Coal Mining

Category Advanced Proficient Basic Below Basic  Points 30-23 points 22-16 points 15-9 points 8-0 points  

Analysis of Primary Source

Provides accurate analysis by using the SEA method or Nara Worksheet when analyzing primary source

Provides an semi-accurate analysis by using the SEA method or Nara Worksheet when analyzing primary source

Provides a semi-accurate but incomplete analysis by using the SEA method or Nara Worksheet when analyzing primary source

Provides inaccurate and incomplete analysis of primary source

Points Earned: ___________

Research & Information

Uses wide range of relevant information, well organized with logic and key ideas, demonstrates a full understanding of content

Uses wide range of mostly relevant information, organized with logic and key ideas, demonstrates understanding of content

Uses range of semi-relevant information, some organization with some logic and key ideas, demonstrates little understanding of content

No use of relevant information, no organization with very little logic and key ideas, demonstrates no understanding of content

Points Earned: ___________

  20-16 points 15-11 points 10-6 points 5-0 points  

Presentation

All students in the group verbally participate in the presentation. Students speak clearly and fluently while presenting the topic. Students are well prepared.

Most students in the group verbally participate in the presentation. Students speak clearly and fluently most of the time while present the topic. Students are prepared.

Some students in the group verbally participate in the presentation. Students speak clearly and fluently some of the time while presenting the topic. Students are prepared to some extent with making some errors.

Not all students in the group verbally participate in the presentation. Students did not speak clearly and fluently any of the time while presenting the topic. Students are not prepared and make many errors.

Points Earned: ___________

  10-8 points 7-5 points 4-2 points 1-0 points  

Resources

Properly documented resources. Uses at least 4 resources besides primary source

Properly documented resources. Uses at least 2 resources besides primary source

Documented resources have minimal errors. Uses less than 2 resources besides primary source

Uses no resources besides primary source

Points Earned: ___________

Grammar/Spelling/ Punctuation

Project has 0-3 errors Project has 4-6 errors Project has 7-9 errors Project has more than 9 errors

Points Earned: ___________

Total Points Earned: _________________/100

Extra Photographs

Images taken from http://www.miningartifacts.org/Pennsylvania-Mines.html

Tips for PresentingPlease show us your eyesResearch to know your factsExamine your primary sourcesStay on the topicExpert on subjectNeed to practice before

presentingThe audience needs to hear you

Break DownThis project is designed for fourth

grade students. I have chunked the information as not to overwhelm them

Day 1 Slides 1-11Day 2 Slides 12-15Day 3 Slides 16-22Days 4-6 Work on research and

presentationDay 7 Present research